调整剂在浮选分离一水硬铝石和高岭石中的研究

单矿物浮选试验结果表明，在阳离子捕收剂眦作用下，调整剂SFL在pH=2～12范围内活化高岭石的浮选，而在弱酸性条件下对一水硬铝石的浮选影响较小。弱酸性条件下的人工混合矿分离试验表明，随着原矿中一水硬铝石的含量的增加，精矿铝硅比显著上升，氧化铝的回收率也随着提高；在调整剂SFE的作用下，精矿铝硅比进一步提高。动电位测试研究表明，与SFL作用后的一水硬铝石和高岭石的负电位显著增加，使得阳离子捕收剂通过静电作用力更容易吸附在矿物表面上吸附。吸附量的测试表明：SFL增加了在高岭石表面的捕收剂吸附量，而在一水硬铝石表面的捕收剂吸附量有所减少。     

新型螯合剂对一水硬铝石和铝硅酸盐矿物浮选行为的研究

合成了含有羧基和肟基的新型螯合捕收剂HCMT并研究其对一水硬铝石、高岭石和伊利石的浮选行为。单矿物浮选试验表明,该捕收剂对一水硬铝石、铝硅酸盐矿物的捕收能力差别较大,能有效分离一水硬铝石与铝硅酸盐矿物。通过动电位、红外光谱和电镜扫描(SEM)等研究了捕收剂对矿物的吸附机理,结果表明捕收剂在一水硬铝石表面可能是通过COOH、-NHOH与Al-O形成双环螯合物的化学吸附,而在高岭石、伊利石表面主要是物理吸附。     

氧肟酸高分子药剂在铝土矿反浮选中的作用

通过浮选试验，研究了氧肟酸淀粉和氧肟酸聚丙烯酰胺两种高分子药剂对铝土矿中一水硬铝石和高岭石浮选行为的影响。结果表明：氧肟酸淀粉在酸性条件下对一水硬铝石有较强的抑制作用，而对高岭石有活化现象；氧肟酸聚丙烯酰胺在整个试验pH值范围内对两种矿物均有活化作用。两种大分子药剂属于阴离子型，动电位测定结果表明，它们在带负电的高岭石、一水硬铝石表面吸附，使其动电位负性增加，表明药剂与矿物存在氢键力或化学作用力。由于在一水硬铝石表面，氧肟酸淀粉可以罩盖捕收剂十二胺，增加矿物表面的亲水性，从而对其产生抑制作用。而线型氧肟酸聚丙烯酰胺在矿物表面为卧式吸附，其分子链上的负电区能够增加阳离子捕收剂的吸附量，从而活化了一水硬铝石的浮选。     

季铵盐捕收剂对铝硅矿物的浮选行为

通过单矿物浮选试验、动电位测定及红外光谱分析研究了十二烷基三甲基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵3种季铵盐捕收剂对铝硅矿物一水硬铝石、高岭石、叶蜡石和伊利石的浮选行为和作用机理.结果表明:在碱性条件下,以季铵盐为捕收剂可实现一水硬铝石与3种硅酸盐矿物的反浮选分离;一水硬铝石、高岭石、叶蜡石及伊利石的等电点分别为pH6.0、3.4、2.3、3.2,随着矿浆pH值提高,这些矿物的表面动电位均呈负增加;季铵盐捕收剂主要靠静电作用吸附在一水硬铝石、高岭石、叶蜡石及伊利石表面.     

特戊羟肟酸的合成及其对铝硅矿物的浮选性能研究

采用羟胺法合成了特戊羟肟酸, 并研究了其对铝硅矿物的浮选行为及作用机理。单一捕收剂浮选一水硬铝石时, 特戊羟肟酸的浮选效果优于苯甲羟肟酸; 将特戊羟肟酸和油酸钠按1∶1进行复配, 浮选研究结果表明, 复配捕收剂既能提高一水硬铝石的回收率, 又能降低伊利石和高岭石的回收率, 具有更好的选择性; pH=7, 复配捕收剂浓度60 mg/L时, 一水硬铝石回收率可达86.8%。通过接触角、Zeta电位和红外光谱分析等对捕收剂与矿物表面的作用机理进行了探究, 发现油酸钠在一水硬铝石表面主要进行物理吸附, 而特戊羟肟酸主要为化学吸附, 二者复配能更有效地与一水硬铝石作用。     

矿物表面上阴离子捕收剂吸附层的形成和疏水化机理的理论分析

矿物表面的水化程度最小、捕收剂在矿物表面上化学吸附量最大、捕收剂分子及捕收剂离子对的物理吸附最佳化均在矿物表面零电点附近实现.该零电点值可由对矿物/水密闭体系平衡状态化学计算结果确定.当pH偏离这个最佳值时,矿物表面极化,捕收剂各种组分的吸附量降低,矿物可浮性变坏.矿粒表面疏水化的主要机理是捕收剂的化学吸附.化学吸附通过补偿极性键来提高矿粒向气泡上附着的几率.捕收剂的分子和捕收剂的离子对的物理吸附以液滴状态缩合在疏水的矿物表面上,它实际上不影响矿物表面的疏水性,而起到了在浮选紊流条件下使矿粒固着和保持在气泡上.借助范德华力和捕收剂疏水缔合力,保持在矿物粒上的具松散孔隙结构的价饱和的捕收剂化合物(金属黄原酸盐和油酸盐)的形成不会提高矿物表面的疏水性,但是可以阻止矿物因被疏水矿泥抑制机理而浮选.引起矿物表面疏水和决定矿物浮选所需捕收剂最小浓度随pH变化的规律性的主要反应是捕收剂化学吸附层中竞争矿物电位离子的竞争反应.此时可保证在疏水表面上形成物理吸附的液滴状的捕收剂分子和捕收剂离子对.     

烷基胍浮选铝硅酸盐矿物的研究

以O-甲基异脲硫酸盐和脂肪胺为原料,常压下合成了烷基胍类捕收剂.考查了它们对一水硬铝石、高岭石、叶蜡石及伊利石的浮选行为.烷基胍对铝硅酸盐矿物的捕收能力和选择性优于十二胺和十二烷基三甲基氯化铵.在强碱性条件下,高岭石、叶蜡石及伊利石较一水硬铝石有很好的可浮性,以烷基胍为捕收剂可望实现三种硅酸盐矿物与一水硬铝石的反浮选分离.通过药剂结构和矿物表面电性研究解释了捕收剂与矿物作用的机理.     

一水硬铝石与高岭石、叶蜡石和伊利石浮选分离中晶体结构的作用

测量了高岭石、伊利石、叶蜡石和一水硬铝石在阳离子捕收剂反浮选时的润湿性和动电行为。通过分析矿物的晶体结构,对测量结果进行了解释。根据矿物的晶格参数计算了矿物的零电点,计算的零电点值与试验测得的等电点值有很好的吻合。等电点测量值和零电点计算值的减小顺序为:一水硬铝石>高岭石>伊利石>叶蜡石,这与Al-O断裂键数目以及Al-O断裂键数目与Si-O断裂键数目的比值减小顺序基本一致。阳离子捕收剂在矿物表面上的吸附作用主要为静电作用。反浮选分离含铝硅酸盐矿物和一水硬铝石获得了满意的结果。     

捕收剂CTAB对一水硬铝石与高岭石的浮选差异及其分子动力学模拟

为了研究季铵盐类捕收剂对铝土矿反浮选的影响,以十二胺（DDA）为参照捕收剂,考察了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）对一水硬铝石和高岭石浮选回收率的影响,并通过FTIR分析、Zeta电位检测、吸 附量测定以及分子动力学模拟对作用机理进行了系统的分析。浮选试验结果表明,CTAB浮选分离效果优于DDA,在pH=4、CTAB浓度为2×10-4 mol/L时,纯矿物浮选试验一水硬铝石和高岭石浮选回收率相差51.70个百分 点,人工混合矿试验获得了Al2O3品位71.73%、回收率71.26%、SiO2含量9.43%的精矿,铝硅比A/S达到7.60。机理分析结果表明,捕收剂CTAB在一水硬铝石和高岭石表面均有吸附,在高岭石表面的吸附量大于在一水硬 铝石表面的吸附量,且均为物理吸附;分子动力学模拟计算结果表明捕收剂CTAB与高岭石总相互作用能为与一水硬铝石总相互作用能的2.29倍,因此CTAB分子优先吸附于高岭石的表面,具有较高的选择性,有利于反 浮选的进行。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺反浮选分离一水硬铝石和高岭石

在分析一水硬铝石和高岭石的晶体结构以及表面性质差异的基础上，通过单矿物实验、人工混合矿实验、ξ—电位和吸附量研究，找到一水硬铝石的有效抑制剂阳离子聚丙烯酰胺。在pH为5．5—8．5的范围内，实验了以十二胺醋酸盐为捕收剂时高岭石和一水硬铝石的反浮选分离。一水硬铝石表面活性Al原子数量多，易与酰胺基团结合，导致阳离子聚丙烯酰胺中的季铵基团定向排列在一水硬铝石表面的外面，阻止大部分十二胺阳离子吸附在其表面，并增大一水硬铝石的亲水性，抑制了一水硬铝石的上浮。而阳离子聚丙烯酰胺对十二胺浮选高岭石影响很小。     

Utilization of soluble starch as a depressant for the reverse flotation of diaspore from kaolinite

The utilization of a non-toxic natural polysaccharide, soluble starch, in the flotation of diaspore and kaolinite with emphasis on depression of diaspore in the reverse flotation of bauxite ores by using a Gemini cationic collector, is reported in this work. Firstly, the depressant effect of soluble starch was studied by pure mineral micro-flotation of diaspore and kaolinite as functions of the depressant dosage and pulp pH. The results show that soluble starch depresses diaspore much better than kaolinite. When pH is over 10, a satisfactory separation of the alumina and the silicate minerals can be approached. Moreover, micro-flotation tests of artificial mixed minerals and bench scale reverse flotation of the diasporic bauxite ore was complementing conducted. The non-charged starch is highly proved to be an effective and selective depressant for the reverse flotation of diaspore from the gangue minerals like kaolinite. By zeta potential measurement, adsorption studies and D-IR spectra analysis, the mechanism of interaction between starch and the diaspore surfaces is established, which is the formation of a five membered ring complexes on mineral substrates. The number of broken Al–O bonds of diaspore is much more than that of kaolinite, so the selectivity separation of diaspore from kaolinite in this system is feasible.     

二元组合捕收剂浮选分离一水硬铝石与高岭石的机理研究

以油酸钠为主要捕收剂,与苯甲羟肟酸组合使用,复配出二元组合捕收剂,再通过单矿物浮选试验考察二元组合捕收剂对一水硬铝石和高岭石两种铝硅矿物的捕收性能。通过表面张力测定和激光粒度测试,系统研究了二元组合捕收剂的浮选作用机理,旨在为我国铝土矿浮选脱硅捕收剂的开发提供理论指导。结果发现,二元组合捕收剂NaOL/BHA对一水硬铝石和高岭石伴生的铝硅酸盐矿物的浮选效果明显超过单一油酸钠捕收剂,研究的二元组合捕收剂中油酸钠与苯甲羟肟酸的最佳摩尔配比为9∶1。二元组合捕收剂溶液的表面张力随着BHA浓度的增加而下降,在较低浓度下表面张力明显下降到拐点达到稳定值,该现象表明组合捕收剂活性高,捕收性能强,拐点处对应的两种药剂摩尔配比与单矿物浮选实验得出的最佳组合摩尔比一致。二元组合捕收剂可以明显促进一水硬铝石颗粒表观粒度增大,使其形成疏水性聚团,致使浮选回收率增大,而对高岭石表观粒度几乎没有影响。     

A novel surfactant 2-amino-6-decanamidohexanoic acid: Flotation performance and adsorption mechanism to diaspore

In this paper, a novel surfactant, 2-amino-6-decanamidohexanoic acid (AHA-10) was synthesized and used as a collector for flotation separation of diaspore and aluminosilicate minerals. The adsorption mechanism of AHA-10 onto diaspore was also evaluated by FTIR spectra, zeta potential, XPS and solution chemistry. The flotation results demonstrated that AHA-10 exhibited superior collecting power to diaspore and good selectivity against kaolinite and illite, and could effectively recover diaspore from bauxite ores contained aluminosilicate minerals at pH around 10. The analyses of FTIR spectra, zeta potential and solution chemistry inferred that at pH around 10, AHA-10 might chemisorb on diaspore surfaces by formation of AlO and AlN bonds. AHA-10’s unique properties, such as characteristic bond model to Al atoms on diaspore surfaces, double hydrophobic groups and intermolecular hydrogen bonds between neighboring AHA-10 molecules coated on diaspore surfaces, rendering a weakening surface energy and enhancing hydrophobicity of diaspore particles.     

The behavior of N,N-dipropyl dodecyl amine as a collector in the flotation of kaolinite and diaspore

The flotation behaviors of kaolinite and diaspore were investigated using N,N-dipropyl dodecyl amine (PN). Maximum recoveries of kaolinite and diaspore were about 90% and 50%, respectively. Both recoveries of kaolinite and diaspore increased with the increasing dosage of PN. On the basis of the zeta potential and FT-IR spectra, the ionization of surface hydroxyl and the isomorphic exchange of surface ions account for the charging mechanisms of surfaces of kaolinite and diaspore. The adsorption mechanism of PN on the surface of two minerals was mainly electrostatic. After reacting with PN, the zeta potential of kaolinite and diaspore both increased, and comparing with the original zeta potentials, potential of kaolinite increased much more than that of diaspore, this can explain why recovery of kaolinite is higher than that of diaspore.     

Selective depression of diaspore with waxy maize starch

Highly branched waxy maize starch (WMS) was used to separate diaspore from artificial mixtures of diaspore and kaolinite by microflotation using dodecylamine (DDA) as collector. It was found that WMS depressed the diaspore flotation while activated the kaolinite flotation more or less. The adsorption of WMS on diaspore was examined through adsorption test, zeta potential measurement, infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. It is suggested that both chemical interaction and intermolecular hydrogen bonding by hydroxyl groups of starch with surface Al–OH moieties occurred in the adsorption. Results obtained from the adsorption of DDA and WMS on diaspore showed that starch virtually enhanced the DDA adsorption. The depressant action of WMS can be rationalized primarily by the formation of hydrophilic adsorption layer enveloping the surface of diaspore and covering the collector.     

无机阴离子调整剂对蓝晶石矿物浮选行为及溶液化学研究

通过蓝晶石、石英及黑云母的浮选试验,研究了无机阴离子调整剂对矿物浮选行为的影响。试验结果表明:以十二胺为捕收剂时,氟化钠与十二胺加入的顺序的不同对石英、黑云母两种矿物的浮选基本没有影响,对蓝晶石有活化作用;Na2SiO3与十二胺的添加顺序不同对黑云母的影响较小,对蓝晶石起到强的抑制作用,且Na2SiO3在十二胺之后添加对矿物的抑制作用更强;(NaPO3)6的添加对蓝晶石及石英均起到较强的抑制作用,对黑云母的抑制较弱;Na2S除了对蓝晶石起到轻微的活化作用外,对石英及黑云母两种矿物的浮选基本没有影响。通过浮选溶液化学计算,分析了Na2SiO3、Na2S、(NaPO3)6对蓝晶石、石英及黑云母矿物的抑制或活化作用的机理。