Non-traditional high-energy processes for disintegration and exposure of finely disseminated mineral complexes

For the first time the modern non-traditional processes for treatment of rebellious noble metal-bearing mineral ore, aimed at improving disintegration efficiency for finely dispersed mineral complexes are analyzed. Advantages and perspectives of a new high-efficient, energy-saving and ecologically safe process of the nanosecond powerful electromagnetic impulse (PEMI) effect, are proved. The said process provides a stable increase in the valuable component recovery at lower energy consumption and production costs of the finite product at the stage of dressing rebellious gold-bearing ores and concentrated products. The possible mechanisms of mineral disintegration under PEMI effect are considered, experimental data, cited in the paper, prove high efficiency of the preliminary impulse treatment, thus, the increase in the gold recovery at the cyanidation stage amounted to 4–12 % from rebellious ores, 10–30 % from gravity concentrates, 5–45 % from flotation concentrates, 30–80 % from oil flotation tailings. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 3, pp. 107–128, May–June, 2007.     

New complexing agents to select auriferous pyrite and arsenopyrite

The authors propose the process for selective flotation of auriferous pyrite and arsenopyrite, where the combination of xanthate, 2-hydroxylpropyl ester of diethyldithiocarbamate acid (HPEDEDCA) and oak-bark extract (OBE) is used to produce pyrite concentrate recovered into the froth product. The process provides the selective recovery of valuables into heteronymous concentrates, thus reducing the irrecoverable valuable component loss by 5–7 %. The complexing capacity of HPEDEDCA to gold is experimentally proved and allows using it as a selective collector of auriferous iron sulfides. The use of OBE to depress iron sulfides and arsenic in flotation of multicomponent ores contributes to higher flotation selectivity and grade of heteronymous concentrates.     

Influence of liquid phase and products of its radiolysis on surface properties of pyrite and arsenopyrite

A feasibility study has been made on improving the contrast of processing properties of pyrite and arsenopyrite, irradiated by accelerated electrons, when these minerals are in the form of neutral, weakly alkaline, and alkaline aqueous suspensions. It has been shown that as a consequence of change in the surface composition, sorption species, and quantity of adsorbed xanthate and its derivatives, the contrast of flotation properties of pyrite and arsenopyrite can be increased by regulating the irradiation dose of the mineral suspension. Institute of Problems of Complex Development of Bowels, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 1, pp. 85–91, January–February, 1999.     

低硫铅锌矿选矿工艺的研究

某硫化铅锌矿含铅8.79%，含锌13.24%,采用一段磨矿（细度73％－0.075mm）、选浮铅、中矿循序返回的优元宵服选流程及混合捕收剂乙、丁黄药和SN－9,得到：铅精矿品位71.55%,回收率91.89%；锌精矿品位50.34%，回收率85.38%，并综合回收了伴生的镉、银。     

弱碱性介质中提高永平铜矿铜金银回收率的研究

T 2K捕收剂与黄铜矿形成正配键和反馈键的能力很强,而与黄铁矿的作用弱。工业试验结果表明,T 2K捕收剂对硫化铜矿物具有优异的捕收能力和选择性,能在弱碱性介质中实现铜的优先浮选,克服黄药混浮工艺铜硫分离时高碱对部分铜、金、银的抑制。与黄药混浮工艺相比,T 2K全优先浮选工艺使铜精矿品位提高0 42%,铜回收率提高2 54%;硫精矿品位提高1 37%,硫回收率提高4 17%;铜精矿中金银回收率也分别提高3 73%和5 73%。     

电化学调控浮选在梅山选矿厂的应用研究

介绍了DH-1#电化学调整剂在梅山铁矿的应用研究情况。通过实验室试验,找到在原矿含硫为3%时,电化学调控浮选的适宜药剂条件为DH-1# 150 g/t,乙基黄药40 g/t,2#油100 g/t。在此基础上开展了工业试验,获得了硫精矿S品位39.03%、尾矿S品位0.440%、S回收率78.53%的选别指标。使用DH-1#电化学调整剂调控浮选,可以节省乙基黄药捕收剂用量58%以上,每年可以产生349.562万元的经济效益。     

某铅锌浮选尾矿有价金属浮选综合回收

以某铅锌浮选尾矿为研究对象,采用"尾矿再磨—铅锌混合浮选—活化选锌"工艺对原尾矿中的有价金属元素进行综合回收试验研究。结果表明,在磨矿细度-74μm占82%的条件下,以乙硫氮和丁基黄药为铅锌混合浮选捕收剂,锌浮选采用硫化钠和硫酸铜活化,以丁基黄药和异戊基黄药为捕收剂,开路试验所得浮选产品中铅锌混合精矿中铅、锌的回收率分别为36.4%和18.0%,锌粗精矿中锌的回收率达到57.6%,原尾矿中有价金属元素得到了有效回收。     

Froth flotation of a Merensky Reef platinum bearing ore using mixtures of SIBX with a dithiophosphate and a dithiocarbamate

The Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) in northern South Africa has the largest deposit of platinum group elements (PGEs) in the world. In trace amounts, these are closely associated with base metal sulphides (BMS). Froth flotation is used as a bulk sulphide recovery to beneficiate these PGE ores. To maximise the recovery of the PGEs it is required to improve the recovery of the BMS. The chemical additives used largely determines the performance of the froth flotation process. Consequently, mixtures of collectors were used in batch froth flotation tests in an attempt to improve concentrate grades and recoveries of BMS from a Merensky Reef platinum ore. The mixtures consisted of a xanthate (SIBX) with a dithiophosphate (DTP) or a dithiocarbamate (DTC). Each mixture was tested at mole ratios of 80:20 and 60:40, with the xanthate the major component. An increase in nickel recovery was observed with all mixtures relative to pure SIBX at the expense of concentrate grade. The mixtures of DTC with SIBX increased the cumulative nickel recovery by 11%, while the mixtures with DTP increased it by 10%. Copper recovery increased by 6% with the DTP mixtures. No significant improvements in the copper recoveries and grades were observed with the mixtures of SIBX with DTC compared to pure SIBX.     

赞比亚谦比希西矿体铜矿优先浮选试验研究

赞比亚谦比希西矿体铜矿矿物种类多,Cu、Fe、S和Al2O3含量分别为1.69%、3.94%、1.61%和14.70%,属高铝复杂难选铜矿。为给该矿石浮选工艺确定提供依据,对西矿体矿石进行了浮选工艺研究。试验确定采用先选硫化铜矿再选氧化铜矿的优先浮选工艺流程。以水玻璃为矿浆分散剂、氧化钙为抑制剂、丁基黄药为捕收剂、2#油为起泡剂,进行硫化铜浮选,硫化铜浮选尾矿以硫化钠为活化剂、丁胺黑药+丁基黄药为混合捕收剂,进行氧化铜浮选,硫化铜与氧化铜浮选粗精矿混合后经3次精选,闭路试验可获得铜品位22.75%、铜回收率71.89%的浮选铜精矿,以及铜品位0.49%的浮选尾矿。     

辽宁某铜铅锌硫化矿石电位调控优先浮选试验

辽宁某铜铅锌多金属硫化矿石中的有用矿物嵌布关系复杂,嵌布粒度粗细不均。采用1次磨矿、电位调控优先浮选工艺对铜、铅、锌的选矿工艺条件进行了试验研究。结果表明,在电位约-35 mV、pH=9.1情况下,以SN-9#+苯胺黑药为捕收剂、Na₂SiO₃+ZnSO₄+CMC为铅锌及脉石矿物的抑制剂优先选铜,接着在电位为-225.6 mV、pH=11.4情况下,仍以SN-9#+苯胺黑药为捕收剂浮选铅,最后以硫酸铜为活化剂、乙基黄药为捕收剂选锌,最终获得了铜品位为23.68%、回收率为85.61的铜精矿,铅品位为51.26%、回收率为70.68%的铅精矿,锌品位为52.13%、回收率为82.13%的锌精矿。     

新型环保捕收剂CYL-5对山西某铜矿浮选试验研究

山西某铜矿山长期采用丁基黄药作为铜矿捕收剂, 生产现场丁基黄药刺激性气味强烈、选矿废水中黄原酸根离子超标。为解决黄药使用的环保问题, 针对该铜矿, 采用新型环保型捕收剂CYL-5进行浮选试验研究, 经一次粗选三次精选一次扫选的闭路浮选流程, 取得铜精矿Cu品位为25.13%、回收率为93.30%的浮选指标。与丁基黄药浮选指标相比, 铜精矿Cu品位提高2.06百分点, 铜回收率提高0.50百分点, 可达到优于丁基黄药浮选的目的。      

某氰化尾渣中铅、锌和铜的综合回收研究

对含有铅、锌和铜等有价金属的某氰化尾渣,采用预处理—铅锌混合浮选—预处理—铜浮选工艺,开展了详细的综合回收利用研究。研究结果表明,采用H₂SO₄活化预处理,在pH 8、丁基黄药用量为100 g/t时可获得Pb品位为10.87%、回收率为71.76%,Zn品位为31.89%、回收率为92.46%的铅锌混合精矿;采用现场选硫循环水对铅锌混合浮选尾矿进行洗涤,在pH 6、丁基黄药用量为50 g/t时得到了Cu品位为13.41%、回收率为33.39%的铜精矿。该工艺显现出了良好的经济效益和社会效益。      

丹寨县某铅锌矿选矿试验

为给丹寨县某硫化铅锌矿石的开发利用提供技术依据,在对矿石进行工艺矿物学研究基础上,采用优先浮铅再浮锌流程进行了铅锌选矿试验。结果表明,在磨矿细度为-0.074 mm占80%,铅粗选CaO用量为2 500 g/t、ZnSO₄+Na2SO₃为1 500+1 000 g/t、乙硫氮+丁铵黑药为10+10 g/t、2^#油为18 g/t,锌粗选CuSO₄用量为600 g/t、丁基黄药用量为130 g/t情况下,采用1粗1精1扫浮铅、1粗1精2扫浮锌、中矿顺序返回流程处理该矿石,获得了铅品位为48.72%、含锌4.95%、铅回收率为89.21%的铅精矿,以及锌品位为45.89%、含铅0.72%、锌回收率为82.42%的锌精矿。     

云南某铜冶炼渣浮铜试验

云南某铜冶炼渣铜、铁含量较高,含铜0.62%、含铁35.58%,主要含铜矿物为黄铜矿、蓝铜矿和辉铜矿,铜矿物与主要脉石矿物橄榄石等嵌布关系复杂,嵌布粒度细微,属于难选二次铜资源。为了回收该二次资源中的铜,对选铜工艺进行了研究,确定的磨矿细度为-0.074 mm占96.50%,铜粗选丁铵黑药+丁基黄药用量为300+100 g/t、Na₂CO₃用量为4 kg/t、冰铜用量为15 kg/t;采用1粗1扫2精、中矿顺序返回流程对试样进行选别,最终获得的铜精矿铜品位为21.30%、铜回收率为86.20%。试验研究表明,对这种微细粒嵌布的硫化铜矿物,以冰铜为“载体”进行“载体”浮选对获得理想的分选指标发挥了重要作用。     

混合黄药浮选铜录山氧化矿石的研究

铜录山矿区的含金（银）铜（铁）氧化矿属于氧化率高（≥９０％）含泥多的难选矿石，采用多种黄药组合而成的混合黄药ＣＥＳ进行浮选，捕收力强，浮游速度快，与选厂使用的异丁基黄药ＥＤ－４进行对比。精矿品一致（含Ｃｕ〉１８％，Ａｕ〉１０ｇ／ｔ，Ａｇ〉９０ｇ／ｔ），铜回收率提高６．７０％，金回收率提高９．３３％，银回收率提高５．６７％，相应回收率分别达８１．２８％（铜），８４．００％（金），６６．８３％（银）这     

提高某铜镍混合精矿中墨铜矿浮选回收率的试验研究

通过对某铜镍选矿厂生产流程产品的考察和分析,发现其铜镍混合精矿中墨铜矿的回收效果较差,是导致铜的总回收率偏低的主要原因。针对生产原矿样品,在试验室进行了提高墨铜矿回收率的试验研究,确定了适合于墨铜矿浮选的组合捕收剂ZH1(乙基黄药+乙硫氮+丁基铵黑药)和ZH2(乙基黄药+乙硫氮+Y89),配合使用合理的调整剂和阶段磨矿、阶段选别流程,试验室取得了良好的选别指标。在铜镍混合精矿其它指标相近条件下,铜的总回收率提高了3.99%,其中,墨铜矿的回收率提高了45.90%。     

Finely Dispersed Micro- and Nano-Gold Recovery Using Thermomorphic Polymer with Diphenylphosphine

The article reports test data on adsorption and flotation characteristics of thermomorphic polymer joined with diphenylphosphine—TMPD. The test materials are natural pyrite and arsenopyrite, and models of gold-bearing sulfide minerals. Electron microscopy and X-ray structure analysis prove that reductive adsorption of gold at the surface of sulfide minerals from HAuCl₄ solution allows modeling natural aggregates of sulfides and finely dispersed gold. UV spectrophotometry proves selective adsorption of TMPD at gold. Laser scanning microscopy shows connection of TMPD with micro- and nano-size gold on polished sections of pyrite and arsenopyrite. During monomineral flotation, joint use of TMPD and butyl xanthate at a ratio of 1:1 doubles the yield of gold-bearing sulfides and enables maximum recovery of gold minerals at the total consumption of reagents reduced by 30–50%. It is found that TMPD is selective relative to gold-bearing minerals and its combination with xanthate ensures a considerable increment in gold-bearing mineral recovery by flotation.     

Thermodynamic and flotation analysis of influence exerted by chromate ions on separation of galena and chaclopyrite in alkaline media

The thermodynamic studies into the state of surface of galena and chalcopyrite in the presence of chromate ions and xanthate ions have been carried out along with the potentiometric measurements and flotation analysis. In the alkaline media, chromate ions are potential-determining for galena and are not such for chalcopyrite in a wide range of chromate ion concentrations. The qualitative composition of the sorption layer of the collecting and depressing agents on galena and chalcopyrite surfaces will depend on pH and redox potential of the fluid phase, and on the concentration of ions of the depressing and collecting agents. The flotation separation of galena and chalcopyrite in the alkaline media is feasible with the use of chromate ions as the depressing agents for galena. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 6, pp. 118–128, November–December, 2007.     

白铅矿、褐铁矿的硫化浮选试验研究

详细研究了硫化钠用量、矿浆pH值、硫化时间以及pH调整剂种类对白铅矿和褐铁矿浮选的影响,重点考察了乙基黄药、丁基黄药、异丁基黄药、戊基黄药和异戊基黄药五种黄药的捕收性能。试验结果表明,在适宜条件下白铅矿经过硫化后具有很好的可浮性,而褐铁矿则很难被硫化,可浮性较差;异丁基黄药浮选白铅矿效果最好。褐铁矿含量影响白铅矿的浮选回收率,褐铁矿含量越高,白铅矿浮选回收率越低。     

Fluorinated xanthates as collecting agents in copper-nickel ore flotation

Research data on intensification of copper-nickel ore flotation by applying the fluorinated xanthates are reported. Introduction of fluorinated agents at 3–50% rate of the total collector consumption improves the recovery of valuable components. It is established experimentally that the copper and nickel recovery into the flotation concentrate grows by over 10%.