覆岩破坏规律探测技术的发展及评价

覆岩破坏规律探测是“三下”采煤, 尤其是水体下采煤不可缺少的部分。系统地论述了覆岩破坏规律探测技术的多种手段, 并对其原理和适用条件进行了综合评价。     

Study on effects of longwall mining on the underground water

It is very important for secure mining under water bodies to study the effects of Iongwall mining on the underground water. In order to study this problem, piezometers for monitoring underground water levels were established in an American coalmine. Large amounts of pre-mining and post-mining monitoring data were collected. Based on the data the effects of Iongwall mining on the underground water was studied. The results demonstrate that when the piezometer monitoring wells have an interburden thickness less than 72.7 m, the groundwater level decreases immediately to immeasurable levels and go dry after undermining. The height of the fractured zone in is 72.7-85.3 m in this geological and mining conditions. The results also show that the calculated value of fractured zone by the empirical formulae used in China is smaller than the actual results. Therefore, it is not always safe to use them in analysis of mining under water bodies.     

矿井隐蔽致灾地质因素及防治措施分析

为了有效防范矿井隐蔽致灾地质事故的发生,分析了可能诱发灾害的地质构造、不良地质体及其他在采动应力耦合作用下形成的灾变地质体,主要分析了老窑采空区积水情况,断层、裂隙和褶曲、瓦斯、导水裂隙带和地下含水体等致灾因素,并提出了相关的防治措施。研究为矿井安全开采提供了技术支持。     

煤矿水文地质勘查中瞬变电磁法的应用

瞬变电磁法对一些低阻体反应较强，在煤矿井下水文地质勘察中有广泛应用。采取该方式可测定含水构造、地下溶洞等不规则水体，规避煤矿开采风险。针对煤矿开采中采空区积水及含水层分布，分析了瞬变电磁法在某煤矿水文地质勘查中的实际应用效果，为煤矿开采合理发展奠定坚实基础。     

Inrush prevention in an underground mine

The paper presents the first experimental results of a study for locating both, the water circulation network and possible isolated water bodies around an underground mine. The main purpose of the study is to define the geometry and the possible connections of water bodies and other cavities intersected with by the mining excavations, and evaluating the parameters which characterize the inflow from the bodies of water.     

Mine water management and controls in an environmentally sensitive region

The paper outlines the Mine Water influx and water quality problems associated with underground coal mining in an environmental sensitive area of the south-east coast of Australia. As the study area has a number of water supply reservoirs, precautions associated with mining under large bodies of water are identified. The treatment and disposal of contaminated mine water in the Illawarra region is crucial to control effluent discharges within the desired limits.     

"三下"煤炭资源回收难易程度的权重分析-模糊综合评价研究

详细分析了“三下”煤炭资源加收难易程度的影响因素，阐述了权重分析－模糊综合评判的基本原理，以建筑物下煤炭资源为例讨论了确定各影响因素权重的过程，在此基础上结合实例给出了“三下”煤炭资源回收难易程度的模糊综合评价过程，并进行了验证分析，为“三下”煤炭资源补偿费征收、“三下”煤炭资源评价与管理以及“三下”采煤方案的科学决策提供理论与方法依据。     

长城五矿连采连充自流充填工艺设计

以内蒙古长城五矿的实际生产情况，针对“三下”压煤开采问题，设计了连采连充自流充填工艺，并将其划分为“制浆”“输矸”两部分。制浆站可在计算机控制下实现全自动生产，并采用可视化技术对制浆系统运行状态进行监控。并在采区现场进行组装、调试与运行。最后对充填效果进行分析，证明了连采连充自流充填工艺在长城五矿充填开采作业中是完全可行的，实现了矿井绿色开采，可以有效解决长城五矿“三下”压煤问题。     

含水层下固体充填保水开采方法与应用

为解决含水层下煤层开采所导致的溃水灾害问题,提出了基于固体充填采煤的保水开采方法,阐述了该方法的基本原理,分析了固体充填开采覆岩导水裂隙演化特征,并基于固体充填开采导水裂隙带高度预计公式,结合《建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程》,建立了含水层下固体充填开采临界充实率计算模型,分区设计了受含水层影响煤层的充实率,进而对煤层进行了充填工作面设计布置。五沟煤矿CT101充填工作面应用结果表明:实测充采质量比平均值为1.32,大于理论设计值1.28,充填效果较好,且导水裂隙带高度仅为10.0 m左右,该方法有效地降低了覆岩导水裂隙带高度,可实现含水层下保水开采的目标。     

兖州矿区厚冲积层条件下地表移动观测与采动充分性探讨

厚冲积层条件下的开采充分性问题,对兖州矿区"三下"采煤工作有重要影响,有必要对充分性的判别方法进行探讨。根据地表移动实测资料,分析了兖州矿区厚冲积层条件下综放开采地表沉陷的特点,在开采充分性分析的基础上,提出了采用基岩厚度作为开采充分性判别方法。应用直流电测深和地震2种物探方法勘测上覆基岩破坏的分布范围和空间展布进行了验证。研究结论对于本矿区"三下"采煤有重要的指导意义。     

Composition and distribution of main pollution trace element in water environment of mining subsidence

The impact on these water bodies of the surrounding coal production activities and the power plant through research the content and characteristics of harmful trace elements in coal contained in these water bodies. F, Hg, Se and As these four trace elements increased 0.92%, 0.78%, 0.70% and 0.81% respectively in Datong mining subsidence pool from November 2004 to November 2006; the four elements increased 1.58%, 1.23%, 1.08% and 0.92% respectively in Xie’er mining subsidence pool; the four elements increased 1.16%, 1.06%, 1.02% and 1.01% respectively in Pansan mining subsidence pool. The conclusions show that the absolute values of F, Hg, Se and As in mining subsidence pool are relate with their background value, while the increase in their concentration and their environment of mine and electricity plant surrounded are closely linked. Supported by key National Natural Science Foundation of Anhui University (2006KJ009A)     

The problems of Australian underground coal mining operations in water catchment areas

This paper outlines the general water problems encountered in Australian underground coal mining activities which are exacerbated by the location of certain large coal producers either adjacent to or within water catchment areas. Mining leases do not always take into consideration seam sterilization and complexities caused by water controls on mine development. The pertinent state legislation on planning and environmental protection of water courses in N.S.W. together with details of the water authority's role in mining in water catchment areas are outlined. Specific case studies are given whereby the proposed mine centroid has been relocated in order to satisfy legislative requirements. The specific problems of coal mining under stored bodies of water and dams are examined with regard to restriction and potential hazards. The paper outlines the procedure adopted for mining in such situations and pertinent case studies are quoted.     

中硬偏硬覆岩高强度综采覆岩裂缝带发育规律研究

 为了研究中硬偏硬覆岩高强度综采条件下覆岩裂缝带发育规律,根据潞安矿区王庄煤矿6206工作面开采地质条件,利用现场实测、数值仿真、相似材料模拟等手段综合研究确定了中硬偏硬覆岩综放一次采全厚导水裂缝带的发育高度。结合潞安五阳煤矿分层综采裂缝带高度观测资料,分析表明中硬偏硬覆岩高强度综采条件（分层综采和综采放顶煤）覆岩裂缝带高度与 成正比更符合现场实际情况,裂高采厚比达到20.2倍,所得经验公式可以用来类似条件下开采覆岩破坏高度预计,获得的裂高可以作为潞安矿区水体下采煤留设保护煤柱及保水采煤方案制定的参考依据。     

深部富水破碎矿体试验开采技术研究

云锡松矿+1 360 m中段以下的30-14#矿体特点是含水率高、围岩松散破碎、回采率低。为达到深部矿体安全、科学、经济的回采要求,根据矿山现有的设备配置和富水破碎矿体特殊开采条件,提出下向进路式分层胶结充填采矿技术方案和坑道涌水治理措施,并进行现场试验验证。现场试验与应用结果表明,该采矿方法在实现采充平衡方面能够应用的很好,同时最大限度减少涌水对井下采矿作业的影响。     

大平矿综放工作面水库下开采探析

在充分了解国内外水体下采煤研究现状的基础上,从水体下采煤的特点出发,根据N₁N₄综放工作面地表水体特征、上覆岩层的赋存状态及煤层埋藏条件,通过分析大平矿覆岩破坏规律及N₁S₁综放工作面水库下开采部分成果,得出导水裂隙带高度,按照《“三下”开采规程》要求计算出防水煤岩柱厚度,经验证,N₁N₄综放工作面水下开采是安全可靠的。根据煤层的赋存结构和大平矿生产实践,列出自然分层综放、人工分层综放和综放全采3种开采方案,通过理论和实践验证,在N₁N₄综放工作面采用自然分层综放开采是安全可靠的。     

我国条带开采的研究现状与主要问题

条带开采作为“三下”采煤的主要技术措施之一,在我国煤矿区被广泛采用。在综合分析大量文献的基础上,从条带开采岩层与地表移动机理、地表移动和变形预计、条带煤柱稳定性、条带开采设计研究等方面对我国条带开采的研究现状进行了论述,并指出了目前我国条带开采研究和应用中存在的若干问题。     

峰峰矿区九龙矿水库下采煤安全性分析

以九龙矿南五采区地质采矿条件为例,根据岩层移动理论,计算确定了该矿断层条件下煤层群(2,3,4号)开采覆岩导水裂缝带高度为62.4 m,防水安全煤岩柱高度为70.0 m;分析了陷落柱和库区钻孔的封堵状况对导水性的影响。采用概率积分法和Kriging插值法,预测确定了东武仕水库下采煤地表淹没线分布,分析了淹没线变化对附近村庄的影响和安全性。参照该矿-600 m以浅水体下采煤实践,综合确认九龙矿东武仕水库下采煤具有可行性,通过水文观测和适当的防范措施,可以实现该矿水库下安全开采。     

复合水体下特厚煤层综放开采安全性研究

为解决采空区和地表塌陷积水组成的复合水体下综放开采安全性问题,以灵露煤矿一采区Ⅱ3特厚煤层所面临的由Ⅱ2-1煤层采空积水和地面塌陷积水组成的复合水体下开采为例,采用工程类比和理论分析相结合的方法,计算得出了综放开采覆岩破坏高度以及防水、防砂和防塌安全煤岩柱高度|基于采空区积水区和开采煤层之间的距离与安全煤岩柱高度的差值,采用克里格差值法分别绘制了采空区积水对开采煤层充水、溃砂和防塌的影响图,综合分析了一采区Ⅱ3受顶板复合水体威胁情况,最终评价了复合水体下综放开采的安全性。研究结果表明：一采区开采能满足对地表塌陷积水留设防水安全煤岩柱的要求,地表塌陷水体下特厚煤层综放开采是安全的|对复合水体采取留设安全煤岩柱,物探和钻探疏放水相结合等综合防治水技术措施后,复合水体下综放开采是安全可行的。     

近距离薄煤层条带开采引起地表变形模拟分析

近距离薄煤层条带开采是"三下"开采中控制覆岩移动变形和地表沉陷的有效方法之一,提高煤炭资源回收率,同时减少煤矿开采对矿区环境、地表破坏的影响,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。本文采用数值模拟方法研究了近距离薄煤层条带开采引起的地表变形特征,结果表明:当采出率为50%时条带方案选取采40m留40m时最为合适。     

Mine inundation-case histories

Mining in the vicinity of large bodies of water, below a worked out coal seam or under a confined aquifer or abandoned water logged workings is always fraught with danger of inundation. This paper outlines, the causes of inundation in underground mining operations together with a brief account of accidental inundation in a range of mining and geological conditions. Statutory provisions to control inundation in various countries are outlined and a risk management approach to solve water danger is suggested.