粉煤灰负载阳离子吸附处理印染废水的试验研究

采用聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)和阳离子型聚季铵盐两种有机高分子聚合物对粉煤灰进行改性,考察了药剂投量、pH、吸附时间对印染废水处理效果的影响。结果表明:复合絮凝剂对染料废水有较好的脱色效果,当复合絮凝剂投加浓度为12g/L、吸附时间为55m in、pH=9、反应温度为20℃时,印染废水的脱色率可达98%左右。     

壳聚糖-TiO_2复合絮凝剂处理废水的研究

将壳聚糖(CHS)和改性纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)共混制成复合絮凝剂,并对艳兰溶液进行超声降解,探讨了投加量、pH值、沉降时间对脱色率和化学需氧量(COD)的影响。实验结果表明,壳聚糖-TiO2复合絮凝剂比单一壳聚糖处理艳兰废水具有更高的脱色率和COD去除率,并且具有用量少、速度快、无二次污染等特点。因此,这种复合絮凝剂在染料废水的处理方面具有良好的应用前景。     

复合混凝剂的制备及其对印染废水的处理效果

采用聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、阳离子型聚季铵盐和粉煤灰自制新型混凝剂,并考察了药剂投量、pH值、吸附时间对处理效果的影响。结果表明:复合混凝剂投加量为12g/L、吸附时间为55min、pH值=9、反应温度为20℃时,印染废水的脱色率可达97.9%以上。     

PFMAS在稀土选矿废水预处理中的应用

为了揭示新型高效铁-镁-铝无机复合絮凝剂（PFMAS）对稀土选矿废水的预处理效果,以稀土选矿废水中氨氮去除率为目标因子,探讨PFMAS中铁-镁-铝盐3种组分不同配比、投加量以及稀土废水不同pH值对PFMAS处理效果的影响,从而确定稀土选矿废水预处理中PFMAS的最佳工艺参数。研究结果表明：当PFMAS无机复合絮凝剂中最优摩尔配比n（Fe）∶n（Mg）∶ n（Al）=4∶4.5∶1,稀土废水初始pH值为7～8,PFMAS投加量为90 mL/300 mL稀土废水时,对稀土废水氨氮去除率最高,可达55%以上。     

钢渣吸附去除藏蓝色和紫红色染料废水研究

采用搅拌吸附方式，对钢渣吸附去除藏蓝色和紫红色2种实际染料废水进行了研究。研究结果表明，钢渣对藏蓝色和紫红色印染废水脱色率受钢渣用量的影响较为显著，钢渣用量越大，脱色率越高，且呈线性递增趋势，线性相关系数良好（R²>0.96）；钢渣对藏蓝色印染废水脱色率在pH值为4.84~10.85时，基本不受影响，但pH值为12.40时，脱色率大幅下降，脱色率仅为41.41%，相对色度高达1 403.40°；钢渣对紫红色印染废水的吸附具有良好的pH值适应性，基本不受废水pH值影响。钢渣吸附去除藏蓝色和紫红色2种染料废水脱色率可达94.70%和96.16%，COD去除率可达91.48%和95.63%。     

改性粉煤灰处理印染废水的试验研究

采用高分子絮凝剂聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)对粉煤灰进行改性,并利用改性粉煤灰、原粉煤灰(FA)、PDMDAAC对印染废水进行混凝脱色试验。试验结果表明,PDMDAAC改性粉煤灰对印染废水的处理效果高于原粉煤灰(FA)和PDMDAAC,在最佳的试验条件下,PDMDAAC改性粉煤灰对废水的脱色率高达87.4%以上。     

煤矸石及硫酸渣研制PSAAF及应用研究

研究利用煤矸石及硫铁矿烧渣作原料制备ＰＳＡＡＦ并用于印染废水的处理，结果表明，ＰＳＡＡＦ有良好的除浊，脱色和除ＣＯＤ性能，尤其对亲水性染料，具有独特的去除效果，对ｐＨ６－９是实际废水，ＰＳＡＡＦ的脱色率和ＣＯＤ去除率比常规絮凝剂均提高３０％～４０％，ＰＳＡＡＦ的脱色机理是水合铝，铁离子的凝聚作用和聚硅酸的絮凝而产生的共沉淀。     

苛性镁氧的一些应用

苛性镁氧是由天然镁氧（菱镁矿、白云石等）或合成镁氧（海水、卤水等）生产的氧化镁在700—1000℃锻烧而成的产品。由苛性镁氧在1500—2000℃锻烧可制造重烧镁，在＞2750℃电熔可生产电熔镁，也可生产镁盐和金属镁。此外，苛性镁氧还有许多直接应用，简述如下：正在开发的应用1．水处理：在水处理中，苛性镁氧常以其水合物形式氢氧化镁加以应用。其最重要的功效是中和酸性溶液。过去中和废水常用苛性碱、石灰及其他碱类，但近年来多已改用氢氧化镁。重要原因是安全、具有缓冲作用、污泥少、可除去重金属。例如用氢氧化镁中和废水后PH值为9…     

复合插层有机膨润土的制备及脱色性能研究

通过X-射线衍射分析(X-ray)、红外光谱分析(IR)等手段分析了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和己内酰胺复合插层有机膨润土的结构,用可见光分光光度法分析了有机膨润土对染料废水的吸附脱色性能.结果表明,不同比例CTMAB/己内酰胺复合插层有机膨润土的层间距均大于单阳离子CTMAB插层有机膨润土的层间距,其中以3:1复合插层制备的有机膨润土对染料废水的吸附脱色率明显高于CTMAB插层膨润土,可用于染料废水的吸附脱色处理.     

新型有机膨润土的制备及脱色性能研究

通过X射线衍射分析、红外光谱分析等手段分析了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和己内酰胺复合插层有机膨润土的结构，用可见光分光光度法分析了有机膨润土对染料废水的吸附脱色性能。结果表明，不同比例CTMAB／己内酰胺复合插层有机膨润土的层间距均大于CTMAB插层有机膨润土的层间距，其中以3：1复合插层制备的有机膨润土对染料废水的吸附脱色率明显高于CTMAB插层膨润土，可用于染料废水的吸附脱色处理。     

镁剂在重金属离子脱除方面的应用研究进展

对以氧化镁、氢氧化镁为代表的镁剂在废水中重金属离子脱除方面的应用进展进行了评述,包括含铬废水、含镍废水、含铅废水、含镉废水、含铜铁等工业废水中单一重金属离子的去除以及多种重金属离子的同时脱除,并探讨了其对重金属离子的去除机理,展望了应用前景。     

膨润土的改性及其在印染废水吸附中的应用

介绍了印染废水的特点及处理方法,概述了膨润土的改性方法及其在处理印染废水方面的应用.结合印染废水的处理现状,提出了今后改性膨润土和应用中的研究方向.     

Evaluation of equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for biosorption of nickel(II) ions onto bacteria strain, Rhodococcus opacus

The present study explores the ability of Rhodococcus opacus bacteria strain for the removal of nickel(II) under different experimental conditions. The effects of relevant parameters such as solution pH, biomass loading, ionic strength, and temperature on nickel(II) biosorption capacity were evaluated. Although the tests were carried out using synthetic solutions, the results are representative of typical waste effluents from chemical, dyestuffs, battery manufacture, porcelain enameling, metallurgical industries and electroplating circuits. The sorption data followed the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Sips isotherms. The maximum sorption capacity was found to be 7.63 mg g⁻¹ at pH 5. Thermodynamic parameters have also been evaluated and the results show that the sorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The dynamics of the sorption process were studied and the values of rate constants for different kinetic models were calculated. The activation energy of biosorption (E_a) was determined as 12.56 kJ mol⁻¹ using the Arrhenius equation.     

浮选技术在环境综合治理中的应用

回顾了浮选技术在环境净化及资源回收领域的应用研究动态，并以研究实例，论证了浮选法综合处理酸性重金属离子废水的经济效益。     

Separation of copper and zinc from waste acidic mine effluents of Rio Tinto area

A study of removal of Copper and Zinc from acidic mine effluents by means of chelating ion exchange resins has been carried out. The effluents having pH ranging from 1.7 to 1.9, contain mainly iron, copper and zinc and some other elements at much lower concentrations. The study includes chemical characterisation of effluents samples, the assessment of chelating resins and their selectivity for the separation of copper and zinc. Chelating resins containing either carboxylic, phosphoric or/and amine groups have been employed. The results obtained are correlated to the specific metal-complexing group attached to the polymer matrix. Resins containing carboxylate groups were found to provide most selective copper/zinc separations. A conceptual flowsheet of the separation process based on the data obtained for treating the effluents with different resins is presented.     

Treatment of waters polluted with radioactive elements and heavy metals by means of a laboratory passive system

Waters polluted with toxic heavy metals, radioactive elements, arsenic and sulphates were efficiently treated by means of a laboratory-scale passive system consisting of an anaerobic cell and a constructed wetland. These waters were polluted in a stream receiving leachates from an operating copper tailings dam and other effluents from man-induced activities at the area of Vromos Bay in Bulgaria. The anaerobic cell contained a mixture of horse, cow and sheep manure, spent mushroom compost, wheat straw and sawdust which were used as sources of carbon and energy by different metabolically interdependent microorganisms inhabiting the cell. The microbial dissimilatory sulphate reduction and the sorption on the organic matter were the main processes connected with the removal of pollutants. The effluents from the anaerobic cell were enriched in soluble organic compounds which were degraded in the constructed wetland containing rich microbial and plant cenoses. The effluents from the constructed wetland were suitable for use in the agriculture and industry.     

Cyanide recovery by ion exchange from gold ore waste effluents containing copper

The recovery of cyanide from waste effluents of the cyanidation process in gold extraction plants is important environmentally and economically. In this respect ion exchange is being tested as a possible economic and versatile method for gold ores containing copper minerals. The present study shows the potential of strong and weak base ion exchange resins, particularly the former, for separating copper cyanide complexes from these industrial effluents, and in particular the feasibility of elution with different eluants. Three possible reagents are proposed for use with these resins and the industrial effluents as load solutions: NaCN, NaSCN and NaNO₃. The recovery of copper complexes from industrial effluents using a strong base resin, Lewatit MP-500, and NaSCN as eluant solution, is very high, with recoveries of over 90% in each step. Problems arise when several cycles of load and elution are carried out with the resin, and the performance of the resin decreases when working with unfiltered solutions after several operational cycles.     

炼油催化剂厂含硅废水的处理

对催化剂厂排出的废水含Si 悬浮物的处理进行了研究, 采用聚合氯化铝凝聚、聚丙烯酰胺絮凝的沉降工艺获得理想效果。综合酸性废水经处理后, 上清液清亮, SiO₂ 含量降到50 g/t 以下。     

Ferrates performance in thiocyanates and ammonia degradation in gold mine effluents

Available technologies for cyanides (CN⁻) treatment in gold mine effluents marginally degrade the thiocyanates (SCN⁻). Commonly, they convert the CN⁻ into a less toxic compound, such as cyanates (OCN⁻), which afterwards are oxidized and generate ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N). Thus, the pretreated effluents require additional steps for complete degradation of SCN⁻ and NH₃-N. Recent research shows that ferrates [Fe(VI)] might represent a sustainable option for the efficient treatment of gold mine effluents. In this context, the objective of the present study was to assess the performance of Fe(VI) in SCN⁻ and/or NH₃-N treatment, as well as in their by-products degradation. The performance of Fe(VI) was evaluated using three different synthetic effluents (solutions) and two gold mine effluents contaminated by SCN⁻ and/or NH₃-N. Results indicated that more than 97% of SCN⁻ were degraded with Fe(VI), while the NH₃-N increased up to 50%, after SCN⁻ oxidation of the presence of NH₃-N, within one hour of reaction time. Consequently, for effluents that contain SCN⁻ and NH₃-N, longer reaction time is required or complementary treatment technologies, such as nitrification – denitrification, should be evaluated for complete degradation of N-compounds.     

Use of permeable reactive barriers to treat acid mine effluents

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the most serious environmental problems facing the Canadian Mineral Industry. The AMD results from oxidation of sulphide minerals (e.g. pyrite or pyrrhotite) contained in mine waste or mine tailings. It is characterised by acid effluents rich in heavy metals, which are released into the environment. A new acid remediation technology is presented in this article by which alkaline metallurgical residues (red mud) from the aluminum extraction industry are used to construct permeable reactive barriers (PRB) to treat acid mine effluents. This article describes column tests performed to simulate a PRB constructed using Bauxsol?, a chemically and physically treated bauxite refinery residue, as a reactive material. The results from these experiments show that these PRB are efficient in neutralising pH and removing metals from acidic mine effluents.