壳聚糖磁性微球吸附Pb2+的试验研究

从吸附温度、吸附剂投加量、pH值、反应时间、初始浓度等方面考察了自制壳聚糖磁性微球作为吸附剂对含铅废水的处理效果。结果表明：在初始pH值为5.0,反应时间为20 min,吸附剂的投加量为0.900 g,初始浓度为50 mg/L时吸附剂对Pb2+的吸附效果最佳。壳聚糖磁性微球对Pb2+的吸附过程基本符合Langmuir、Temkin等温吸附模型,为二级反应动力学过程。     

四环素在改性凹凸棒土中的吸附

采用批实验的方法讨论了四环素在改性凹凸棒土中的吸附行为以及pH值和阳离子对吸附的影响.结果表明:四环素吸附初始速度较快,并在4h左右达到平衡,吸附体系符合准二级吸附动力学模型;吸附等温线可采用Freundlich方程进行较好的拟合;吸附过程为自发的吸热过程;四环素吸附量在pH值为3时达到最大,随着pH值的增加而降低;阳离子浓度越大,价态越高,吸附量越小.     

有机海泡石对甲基橙吸附性能研究

本实验以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性海泡石为吸附剂对甲基橙模拟印染废水的吸附性能进行研究,探讨吸附时间、甲基橙初始浓度、有机海泡石用量、溶液pH值和反应温度对吸附量和脱色率的影响。得出优化工艺条件为:吸附时间120min、初始浓度为100mg/L、有机海泡石用量为1.0g/L,pH值为5,温度为30℃。结果表明,有机海泡石对甲基橙的吸附量比原矿和酸活化海泡石有显著提高,且符合Langumir等温吸附式。     

离子型稀土矿区土壤中高岭土对氨氮的吸附研究

我国南方离子型稀土矿区土壤氨氮污染严重,高岭土是矿区土壤的主要黏土成分之一。本文对高岭土黏土矿物与氨氮污染间的吸附特点及吸附动力学等进行了研究。结果表明:随着氨氮初始浓度、温度的升高,高岭土对氨氮的吸附量与吸附速率均提高;pH9.2时,高岭土对氨氮的吸附量随pH值增大而增大;pH9.2时,二者间的吸附量随pH值增大急剧降低;高岭土对氨氮的等温吸附符合Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型,吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程;对于实际的我国南方的离子型稀土开采矿区,在矿区土壤的温度存在主要区间(298~310K)、pH值存在范围(3.0~6.0)内,随原地浸矿时温度、浸矿液浓度或pH值的升高,矿区土壤中氨氮的吸附残留量均会增大;可通过使用较低浓度的原地浸矿液、控制较低的土壤pH值和温度,加强对矿区污染土壤中氨氮的去除。     

钠基蒙脱石对水体中Cd~(2+)的大容量吸附实验研究

系统研究了在不同固液比、p H值、温度、初始浓度等条件下钠基蒙脱石(Na-MMT)对水溶液中Cd2+的吸附。结果表明,吸附过程在60 min达到平衡,在室温、初始质量浓度为1081.91 mg/L、p H值为6.5、固液比为2 g/L的条件下,其吸附量可达到130.9 mg/g。溶液的p H值和初始浓度是主要影响因素,高的p H值和高质量浓度有利于吸附。吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温方程,热力学参数计算表明Cd2+吸附到Na-MMT上是一个自发的吸热过程。     

大洋锰结核处理氨氮废水的试验研究

以大洋锰结核为原料处理氨氮废水,考察了吸附时间、温度、初始NH4+浓度、液固比及pH值对吸附效果的影响,并绘制了吸附等温线。试验结果表明:在温度20℃,时间24 h,粒度-0.074 mm占82.6%,NH4+浓度375.4 mg/L,液固比100∶1,溶液pH值6的条件下,吸附NH4+的量达到20.43 mg/g。     

泥炭对铀的吸附动力学研究

采用静态吸附法研究铀酰离子在泥炭上的吸附动力学特征,利用元素分析、红外光谱、比表面积测试以及电子探针扫描对泥炭样品进行表征.研究不同pH和不同初始铀酰质量浓度的条件下,铀酰离子在泥炭上的吸附动力学行为.结果表明:假二级反应动力学模型能够很好地描述铀酰离子在泥炭上的吸附动力学行为,pH越大,初始吸附速率越大,平衡吸附量越大;假二级吸附速率常数随着铀酰离子初始浓度的增大而减小.     

大同膨润土对阳离子蓝吸附作用的研究

以大同地区两种膨润土为吸附材料,研究了膨润土对阳离子蓝(X-GRRL)的吸附作用,通过改变膨润土的粒度、投加量、吸附时间、染料废水初始浓度、初始pH值及吸附温度等条件,分析其对阳离子蓝(X-GRRL)的吸附量与脱色率的影响。结果表明,反应初始温度为室温(25℃),pH值为7,A、B两种膨润土投加量为0.4 g/L,阳离子蓝质量浓度为20 mg/L时,脱色效果最佳,脱色率分别为91.13%与99.67%,吸附量分别为47.78 mg/g、49.82 mg/g。吸附结果更符合Lagergren准二级动力学模型。热力学结果与Langmuir型拟合度较高。     

硅藻土吸附重金属离子Cd2+的动力学研究

介绍了微孔结构材料硅藻土,提纯后吸附重金属离子Cd2 的影响因素及吸附动力学。特定条件下,提高吸附温度、增加溶液的pH值、增大溶液中Cd2 初始浓度、延长吸附作用时间、提高搅拌速度等,均能不同程度地提高硅藻土对Cd2 离子的吸附量及相应的吸附率。     

凹凸棒石吸附地下水中氨氮的实验研究

采用甘肃和安徽明美矿物公司的凹凸棒石进行模拟地下水氨氮去除实验研究。结果表明,在氨氮浓度为10mg/L的条件下,凹凸棒石吸附氨氮的平衡时间为3h,凹凸棒石用量3.00g,最佳pH值约6～7,20℃有利于凹凸棒石对氨氮的吸附,正交实验表明,影响吸附因素大小的顺序为:pH值氨氮初始浓度凹凸棒石用量温度。对吸附等温线进行线性拟合,符合Langmuir等温式,饱和吸附量分别为4.06mg/g和4.54mg/g。为凹凸棒石作为一种处理地下水材料提供了数据和理论依据。     

黄腐酸钠对方铅矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿的浮选作用及机理研究

本研究在国内首次进行了用黄腐酸作抑制剂分选铜-铅、铅-锌人工混合矿的探讨。研究表明,黄腐酸钠是方铅矿的有效选择性抑制剂。黄腐酸钠用于铜-铅人工混合矿分离,可获得品位为31.44%,回收率95.0%的铜精矿和品位为83.58%、回收率95.32%的铅精矿。黄腐酸钠选择性抑制方铅矿是因为方铅矿表面的铅离子对黄腐酸钠有很强的凝聚力,黄腐酸大量吸附于方铝矿表面形成亲水性胶体薄膜而使方铅矿受到抑制。     

煤矿地下水库DOM来源解析

为深入了解溶解性有机物(DOM)在煤矿地下水库水环境中的变化过程,本研究利用三维荧光光谱(EEMs)结合平行因子分析(PARAFAC)模型,分析了大柳塔煤矿地下水库进出水中DOM 组分的变化情况,并利用主成分分析法对影响水体 DOM 的主要因素进行了研究。 研究结果表明,煤矿地下水库有一定的净化作用,表征 DOM 的 TOC 和 UV 254 在出水处有明显降低;地下水库水体中 DOM 可分为紫外区类富里酸(240 nm/380 nm)、类蛋白色氨酸(275 nm/330nm)、紫外区类富里酸(255 nm/380 nm)、可见类富里酸(265 nm,355 nm/380 nm)4 个组分;通过主成分分析以及对 f 470/520 、HIX、BIX 3 个参数的分析,结果表明 DOM 的来源表现为内源输入与陆源输入共同作用,但以内源输入为主的特点,在地下水库的运行管理过程中应重点考虑内源污染的治理。     

Acid-base buffer effect of fulvic acid and barium fulvate from weathered coal

The acid-base buffer characteristics of fulvic acid (FA) and barium fulvate (BaFA) were analyzed. Each share of the sample or model agents (phthalic acid and salicylic acid) were separately mixed into a series of shares of dilute solutions of HCl or NaOH with a series of concentration. The original pH values of the solutions were arranged from 2 to 13. Final balanced pH of each share was measured. The pH changes show that FA and BaFA possess buffer ability, whereas the model agents do not. The tendency of balanced pH values was 5.4 for FA and 7.4 for BaFA, whereas the original pH was 4.0∼8.5; balanced pH changed little. At room temperature, the maximum buffer capacities were as follows: 18.11 mmol hydroxyl per gram FA, 11.25 mmol hydroxyl per gram BaFA, 1.19 mmol proton per gram FA, and 1.45 mmol proton per gram BaFA. Mathematics analysis shows that logarithm of buffer capacities of FA and BaFA is linearly dependent on original pH. Compared with BaFA and model agents, it is concluded that FA buffer capacity against hydroxyl relies not only on its acidic groups, BaFA buffer capacity against hydroxyl does not rely on its acidic groups, and FA buffer capacity against proton is not related with its carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl group. The pH values of FA-water solutions with different concentrations from 1 to 10 grams per liter were measured. Their pH values were slightly affected by its concentration. Thus, FA possesses a much stronger buffer ability against water dilution than common buffer agent. All the pH values of FA water solutions were very nearby 5.4, just the same as the balanced pH tendency for adding FA.     

一种新型辉钼矿抑制剂及其在铜钼浮选分离中的机理研究

针对目前铜钼浮选分离所使用的传统黄铜矿抑制剂存在毒性大、对环境污染严重等问题,开发出新型辉钼矿的抑制剂以实现铜钼的有效分离具有重要的意义。本文拟开发黄腐酸(FA)作为新型高效的辉钼矿抑制剂,通过单矿物浮选试验和人工混合矿浮选试验探究抑制剂浓度、矿浆pH、捕收剂浓度等因素对黄铜矿和辉钼矿可浮性及铜钼分离效果的影响,并采用FTIR和Zeta电位表征手段探究FA在黄铜矿和辉钼矿表面的吸附行为。浮选试验结果表明,FA在pH为4~12的范围内能够有效地抑制辉钼矿的浮选,而对黄铜矿的浮选影响不大;FA能够显著地扩大辉钼矿和黄铜矿之间可浮性的差异。在pH为9,FA浓度为200mg/L,SIBX浓度为20mg/L条件下,人工混合矿试验取得了较好的结果,黄铜矿回收率高达70.20%,辉钼矿回收率仅有16.83%。FTIR和Zeta电位结果表明,FA能够克服静电斥力吸附在辉钼矿表面,并且FA与SIBX在黄铜矿表面存在竞争吸附,SIBX能够取代黄铜矿表面已吸附的FA,使其表面恢复疏水性,而SIBX几乎不影响FA在辉钼矿表面的吸附,使辉钼矿表面保持亲水性,从而能够实现铜钼的有效分离。     

基于TDLAS矿井瓦斯气体浓度监测系统设计

为了实现对煤矿井下瓦斯气体浓度的准确、快速、实时监测和预警,基于可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱学(TDLAS)原理,选取甲烷分子在1.66μm处特征吸收波长,结合波长调制和谐波检测技术,设计了光谱吸收型瓦斯检测系统,具有光路简单、选择性强、灵敏度高等特点。并结合蓝牙技术,设计了局部无线数据传输与矿用局域网相结合的数据传输结构,为系统实现矿井地面远程瓦斯浓度监测提供方案。     

The characterisation and behaviour of carbonaceous material in a refractory gold bearing ore

Sulfide ore and a flotation concentrate from Fosterville contained 0.76% carbonate carbon, 0.18% native carbon and 0.20% organic carbon of which 4.5 ppm were n-alkane hydrocarbons. The concentrate yielded 0.99% native carbon, 0.28% carbonate carbon and 0.11 % organic carbon of which 19.7 ppm was n-alkane hydrocarbons. IR spectroscopy of the fulvic acid fraction of the flotation concentrate showed it to be similar to humic acid.The addition of representative levels of n-alkane hydrocarbons, carbonate carbon and humic acid to the oxidised ore indicated that these components had negligible effect on gold recovery. The addition of 0.2% native carbon decreased gold recoveries from 84.4% to 68.8% while 0.2% activated carbon reduced recovery to 3.1%. Native carbon when acidified, mimicking the environment of bacterial oxidation, resulted in recovery dropping from 84.4% to 61.0%.Gold recovery for a standard sulfide float was 92.5%. Sodium naphthalene sulfonate (SNS) was the only depressant to lower native carbon levels in the concentrates without reducing gold recovery. 275 g/t SNS depressed 45% of the native carbon and gold recovery was unchanged. Nitric acid oxidation and subsequent cyanidation of the SNS concentrates lead to overall gold recovery improving from 88.3% for a standard sulfide float to 92.0%.     

当量采深估算方法在岩爆危险性等级评价中的应用

为了研究浅部岩爆危险性定量评价方法,实现矿山采场岩爆分级评价和分类治理目标,根据应力叠加原理,建立了当量采深估算模型,提出了当量采深估算方法,并确定了估算方法的计算过程。研究表明:当量采深与实际采深成正相关,与矿柱尺寸成负相关。本文以山东某矿浅部岩爆现象为工程背景,由于巷道开挖和构造应力造成采场围岩应力集中,没有达到岩爆深度的浅部开采水平,却出现岩爆预兆现象。因此,采用当量采深估算方法对该矿浅部450中段采场进行岩爆分级评价,共划分48个矿柱单元,形成1个高度危险区,9个中等危险区,4个一般危险区,34个安全区,并对不同区域采取岩爆分级防治措施,达到了良好的岩爆防治目的,提高了矿山回采安全性和经济性。     

Natural Radioactivity and Metals in Pit Lakes in Sweden Analyzed by Principal Component and Cluster Analysis

The aim of this work was to determine which parameters are sufficient to measure in order to describe the water quality of a pit lake and to identify patterns in the data among different kind of pit lakes. The data consisted of ambient dose equivalent rate, elemental and radionuclide concentration, pH, and specific conductance in surface water and sediment samples collected from different types of mines. Data were tested for normality and log-normality and used in principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The normality tests indicated that only ⁴⁰K was normally distributed, while only the ^234,238U isotopes were log-normally distributed. HCA performed on parameters measured in surface water provided clusters that in most cases separated the elements according to their chemical groups. However, when HCA was performed on pit lakes, the clustering seemed to indicate that surface water might not be the preferred sample to differentiate between different types of pit lakes. PCA of surface water data resulted in three components that explained 72% of the variance when pH, SC, concentration of the elements Mg, K, Ca, Cu, Zn, Sr, Pb, activity concentration of ^234,238U and ²¹⁰Po, and ambient dose equivalent rate were included. For surface sediment data, the PCA resulted in three components explaining 83% of the variance when the concentration of Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Rb, Sr, Y, Tl, activity concentration of ²³⁴Th, ²²⁶Ra, ²¹⁰Pb, ²³²Th (series average), and ⁴⁰K, and ambient dose equivalent rate were included.

     

不同菌源降解乙酸的产气效果及代谢途径

为了研究不同菌源降解乙酸的产气效果和代谢途径,选用煤层水和污泥2种产甲烷菌菌源进行了为期56 d的生物成气试验,分析了2种菌源降解乙酸的最佳浓度、抑制浓度及产气规律,并分析了2种菌源降解乙酸的代谢途径。结果表明,煤层水菌源和污泥菌源都能降解乙酸产气,并且在乙酸浓度为0.5‰时产气最佳,但是当乙酸浓度大于5‰时,产甲烷过程受到抑制;2种菌源降解乙酸的产气过程都经历了产气量缓慢增加阶段—急剧增加阶段—相对稳定阶段3个阶段,而且大量产气基本在21~42 d时。通过分析产气中的各组分含量,初步判断实验中煤层水菌源生成甲烷的代谢途径主要为二氧化碳还原,污泥菌源生成甲烷的代谢途径主要为乙酸发酵。     

惰质组与镜质组对煤吸附CO性能的影响

针对许多中、低变质程度的煤层出现CO长期超标，但未出现自然发火的现象，对24种不同变质程度的煤样进行了CO等温(30 ℃)吸附实验以及煤岩显微组分分析.研究表明：煤的镜质组含量、惰质组含量对CO吸附量影响较大，且对于中、低变质程度的煤，惰质组对煤吸附CO的影响大于镜质组对CO吸附的影响.利用Mathematic软件对实验数据进行分析处理，得出在不同压力下，惰质组含量与吸附量之间的数学模型.