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边际品位作为露天矿山开采的核心参数,其合理的选取可以提升资源利用率,增加矿山企业效益.为了实现露天矿山净现值最大化,在金属价格临时变化时对边际品位进行及时调整,提出了一种基于稳定价格预期的露天矿山边际品位优化方法.以某斑岩型露天铜矿为例,基于边际品位的迭代算法,获得稳定价格预期下的最优边际品位策略.拟合露天矿山剩余净现值与剩余矿岩总量的函数关系,再次通过迭代算法获得金属价格临时变动时的机会成本,方便对边际品位进行重新计算.结果表明,稳定价格预期下,矿山最优边际品位在整个生产周期内呈缓慢下降趋势.与采用固定边界品位相比,采用动态边际品位可以获得最大的净现值,并且低品位资源利用价值更大. 相似文献
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基于盈亏平衡法的思路,推导出边界品位动态优化数学模型.该模型可以根据市场价格的变动,动态确定最低工业品位.这一动态优化方法以安徽某铜矿山为研究对象,先根据当前市场价格,得到最低工业品位,然后在品位区间0.1%~0.4%间按0.05%间距计算各品位矿体储量,采用贴现现金流法对矿山价值进行详细估算,估算结果验证了优化模型的临界值,并以最大累计净现值为指标确定最优开采边界品位. 相似文献
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开采境界圈定是露天矿山开采设计的基础,境界优化结果的优劣直接制约着矿山的整体发展效益。露天开采过程中面对的是复杂多变的地质岩体、无序的品位分布、多变的经济参数等一系列非线性动态问题,现有的主流境界优化方法未能有效考虑该类问题。为实现对露天矿山境界优化的经济动态评估以及矿山剥采均衡,将露天境界优化与地质品位、矿体赋存状态相结合,根据地质数据库采用SURPAC软件建立了矿体三维实体模型和块段品位模型。借助境界动态优化分析软件Whittle,并根据某矿山实际情况,将浮动圆锥法和LG图论法相结合,在一定的技术、经济指标条件下,生成了一系列不同价格对应的露天境界优化方案。根据矿山设计生产规模,对各个境界方案进行进度计划排产,同时考虑了资金的时间价值,引入贴现率指标,获得了各个方案的最大净现值,确定净现值最大的方案为最优方案。研究表明:该方案的提出,实现了动态条件下该矿山露天境界的高效动态优化,为露天矿山开采境界优化提供了新思路。 相似文献
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开采境界圈定是露天矿山开采设计的基础,境界优化结果的优劣直接制约着矿山的整体发展效益。露天开采过程中面对的是复杂多变的地质岩体、无序的品位分布、多变的经济参数等一系列非线性动态问题,现有的主流境界优化方法未能有效考虑该类问题。为实现对露天矿山境界优化的经济动态评估以及矿山剥采均衡,将露天境界优化与地质品位、矿体赋存状态相结合,根据地质数据库采用SURPAC软件建立了矿体三维实体模型和块段品位模型。借助境界动态优化分析软件Whittle,并根据某矿山实际情况,将浮动圆锥法和LG图论法相结合,在一定的技术、经济指标条件下,生成了一系列不同价格对应的露天境界优化方案。根据矿山设计生产规模,对各个境界方案进行进度计划排产,同时考虑了资金的时间价值,引入贴现率指标,获得了各个方案的最大净现值,确定净现值最大的方案为最优方案。研究表明:该方案的提出,实现了动态条件下该矿山露天境界的高效动态优化,为露天矿山开采境界优化提供了新思路。 相似文献
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本文以纳米比亚湖山铀矿为例介绍使用Geovia Whittle对露天矿山进行境界优化的方法、步骤,并着重阐述利用Whittle高级优化模块配矿模拟及边界品位优化来指导露天矿山项目优化及提升项目价值的原理、方法及结果。Whittle在湖山铀矿的应用研究结果表明:使用Whittle可以快速地完成并更新露天矿山的境界优化,遴选出支持后续露天采场设计的分期及最终境界;利用Whittle的配矿模拟模块验证了湖山铀矿采矿场满足选冶厂长期供矿品位需求460ppm~700ppm的可行性;通过Whittle的边界品位优化可使湖山铀矿项目价值提升2.4%,提升项目净现值约3700万美元,服务年限提升近2年,产出金属量增加1740吨,入选矿石量增加近1200万吨。 相似文献
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级差品位指标体系并不排斥传统品位指标体系的合理内容,它应当说是原有品位指标体系更深化、更系统的发展形式。 多数固体矿产至今仍使用着“边界品位”和“块段最低平均品位”这两项指标。有的参考手册对个别矿种提出过“矿区最低平均品位”指标,但极少实际应用。按地质经济原则,各个矿区不论怎样确定品位指标,一般来说,矿区平均品位指标都高于块段平均品位指标,后者又高于边界品位指标。这里即包含着各项品位指标逐级递变的某种规律。只要揭示各级储量的品位下限的递差规律,级差品位指标体系就呈现在我们面前了。 相似文献
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为实现经济动态评估、采剥总量均衡的露天矿生产规模优化,将露天境界优化与生产规模相结合,建立矿床地质数据库、矿床三维地质实体模型和块段品位模型,综合考虑矿床品位分布不均、资金时间及矿石价格的可变性等因素对境界优化和生产规模的影响,借助境界动态优化分析软件Whittle的Milawa算法,快速生成高质量批量的露天境界,并计算出不同境界方案下的矿山动态经济指标,选择出最优境界,模拟矿山经济运营情况,从技术经济角度优化出矿山生产规模和采剥顺序;在项目依托矿山包钢白云鄂博东介勒格勒铁矿的应用结果表明:该矿山最优生产规模为130万t/a,但在当前的市场环境下,投资收益率为7.58%,矿山开采经济风险很大。为矿山企业的决策提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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《Minerals Engineering》2003,16(8):771-776
One of the most important aspects of mine design is to determine the optimum cut-off grades. Material grading above and below the cut-off is directed to different destinations. Optimization of cut-off grade is now an accepted principle for open pit planning studies. The most commonly criteria used in cut-off grade optimization is to maximize net present value. Lane formulated the concept of cut-off grade optimization for single metal deposit but this method cannot be use in multiple metal deposits. Because in single metal deposits six points are possible candidates for the optimum cut-off grade, in multiple metal deposits an infinite number of points are possible candidates for the optimum cut-off grades. The objective function evaluation of these infinite points is impossible. In this paper, the equivalent grade factor is used to find optimum cut-off grade of multiple metal deposits. First, the objective function is defined for multiple metal deposits and then objective function is converted to one variable function by using equivalent factors. The optimum equivalent cut-off grade of main metal can be found by the optimization techniques such as the Lane algorithm or elimination methods. At final step, the optimum cut-off grades will be determined by interpolation of grade-tonnage distribution of deposit. 相似文献
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An integral part of open pit optimization is deciding which section of the ultimate pit to mine during a specific period. For a given period there are often operational and marketing constraints that restrict what can be removed or processed. The operational constraints arise from a number of different limitations such as safe slope of internal mining walls, mill and mining capacity. Traditional methods for pushback (phase) design that incorporate these constraints are ad-hoc and can lead to suboptimal solutions. Another important optimization decision that must be made is the cut-off grade to be used for a specific period. In this paper, a new method is presented that generates near maximal expected profit and dynamically defines the optimal cut-off grade for each mining period or pushback over the life-of-mine, thus deciding whether a block is ore or waste during the optimization process. More specifically, a method for converting a fractional linear program solution into an integral solution known as pipage rounding is applied to an integer program formulation of a pushback design optimization problem. The proposed method aims to produce a set of pushbacks in a way that the total discounted profit to be generated through production scheduling is maximized. Two case studies demonstrate the applied aspects of the proposed method. 相似文献
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通过盈亏平衡分析,确定宜春钽铌矿盈亏平衡品位,提出黑斑矿的处理方案。依据矿山管理目标所确定的生产技术经济指标及价格预测推算,2002年开采的Ta2O5盈亏平衡品位为0.0134%,送往选厂还是送往废石堆场的Ta2O5盈亏平衡品位为0.0120%。在现有的经济技术条件下,黑斑矿应确定为次边际经济资源,暂无开采利用价值。 相似文献
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M. W. A. Asad 《国际露天开采、回填与环境杂志》2013,27(3):176-187
Lane's theory of cutoff grade optimization maximizes the Net Present Value (NPV) of an open pit mining operation with a declining effect as the deposit moves toward exhaustion. This declining effect of NPV defines dynamic cutoff grades, i.e. higher cutoff grades in the early years of mine life and lower cutoff grades in the later years. This phenomenon allows the creation of stockpiles with material between the lowest (breakeven) and optimum cutoff grades for processing during later years, when it becomes economical. As an extension to Lane's original theory of cutoff grades in deposits of two economic minerals, the management, i.e. supplies of material from the mine to the stockpile and from the stockpile to the processing plant, is addressed through the development of a cutoff grade optimization algorithm with option to stockpile. The benefits of the methodology are elaborated in a hypothetical case study. 相似文献