爆破作用下预制共线裂纹的扩展机理研究

为了研究爆破作用下裂纹的扩展规律,从而进一步指导裂隙发育岩体爆破设计。试验运用深部岩石三轴动静载荷实验系统对含有预制裂纹的混凝土试件逐一加载,得到混凝土试件抗压强度;并采用高速摄像机对试件中裂纹起裂拓展过程进行全程拍摄,与加载曲线对照,得到裂纹起裂时垂向初始压力。研究表明:在一定范围内,试件所受围压越大,其裂纹起裂时所需压力越大;次裂纹的存在会使得主裂纹端部更容易在外力作用下起裂,且主裂纹内侧端部所受影响要大于外侧端部,这种影响程度的大小与次裂纹长度、裂纹间距等因素有关;围压越小、裂纹夹角越大、次裂纹长度越大、裂纹间距越小,主裂纹端部越容易起裂。     

不同直径空孔对爆生裂纹扩展行为影响规律的实验研究

为得到空孔直径的改变对爆生裂纹扩展行为的影响规律,采用动态焦散线实验方法,研究了不同空孔直径情况下爆生裂纹扩展轨迹、扩展速度及裂尖动态应力强度因子的变化规律。研究结果表明:随着试件中三条爆生主裂纹的尖端相对距离的减小,裂纹尖端应力场的相互作用逐渐增强,使裂纹扩展速度增加并达到峰值;随着空孔直径的增大,裂纹扩展后期裂纹扩展速度和应力强度因子振荡效应减弱,有利于运动裂纹向空孔方向扩展;在一定范围内,空孔直径越大,空孔对爆生裂纹的导向作用越明显;随着空孔直径的增大,三条爆生裂纹在相互贯通之前,裂尖的动态应力强度因子发生突跃增大的趋势减弱。     

爆破作用下共线裂纹拉剪破坏特性研究

岩石中不同裂纹间存在相互作用,会对裂纹起裂等产生影响。运用断裂力学原理,基于经典Kachanov方法,推导了在地应力和爆破扰动作用下两条共线不等长裂纹端部的耦合应力强度因子,得出了拉剪型裂纹起裂时临界爆破扰动荷载与裂纹基本参数间的关系。     

板状页岩单轴压缩实验及断裂力学分析

基于板状页岩的单轴压缩试验,研究了含共线闭合裂隙页岩的裂纹扩展规律,从断裂力学角度,解释了裂纹起裂顺序,推导了板状页岩的脆性断裂准则及抗压强度,给出了断裂韧性的求取方法,得到:含预制裂隙页岩的抗压强度劣化程度较弹性模量大;破坏后宏观裂纹分为两类,一类为表面平整、光滑的拉裂纹,另一类为呈锯齿状、有明显压痕的压剪裂纹;预制裂隙内端比外端更容易起裂,起裂角范围为46°~86°;裂隙间距越小岩桥越容易搭接贯通;裂纹尖端起裂方向只和θ有关,和KⅡ无关;裂隙尖端的内端应力强度因子较大,更易起裂;共线双裂纹模型的优势裂纹角为β_m=0.5arctan f~(-1)。     

爆炸荷载作用下径向裂纹动态行为实验研究

利用动态焦散线实验方法结合高速相机研究了爆炸应力波与爆生运动裂纹对先爆炮孔形成的定向裂纹缺陷动态行为的影响。研究结果表明:爆炸应力波P波前端压缩应力波使得裂纹面闭合应力强度因子降低,P波尾部拉伸波以及SV波使裂纹发生张开变形应力强度因子增大;裂纹面的不规则性以及张开裂纹厚度的突然变化使得SV波与静止裂纹相互作用过程中在裂纹面作用区域产生犬牙状焦散斑;运动裂纹尖端应力场有利于裂纹的起裂,裂纹起裂后在运动裂纹相互作用中两裂纹均会向相对裂纹裂纹面方向发生偏转形成勾连状裂纹。     

切缝药包微差爆破爆生裂纹扩展机理

为了研究切缝药包微差爆破孔间裂纹的动态力学行为特征,采用新型数字激光动态焦散线测试系统进行4组微差起爆实验。研究结果表明:随着延迟时间的增长先爆炮孔产生的裂纹长度依次增加,其受应力波作用前的扩展距离占总距离的比例依次增高,裂纹的贯通点逐渐靠近后爆炮孔,呈"牵手"状分布;应力波正压区的压缩作用和负压区的拉伸作用分别能够降低和提升对面裂纹的扩展速度v,延迟时间越长,裂纹扩展速度降低后的峰值越低,提升后的峰值越高,爆炸应力波在对面裂纹尖端产生的压应力场会降低其动态应力强度因子KdI,延迟时间越长,峰值越小;裂纹相遇时,扩展速度v和动态应力强度因子KdI都呈现增大趋势,且相遇越早,速度峰值越大;当微差时间满足一定条件时,先爆炮孔产生的应力波在后爆炮孔孔壁附近形成拉伸应力场,有利于裂纹萌生。     

边坡爆破开挖中岩体裂纹扩展机理及数值分析

采用动力有限元分析软件,研究了在爆破荷载作用下,荷载作用时间以及岩石参数对裂纹尖端动态应力强度因子的影响。分析结果表明,KⅠ(t)动态应力强度因子随着荷载时间的加大其最大峰值增大,曲线驼峰增宽;岩石弹性模量改变裂纹的起裂时间;岩石密度越小越易扩展。     

渗透压-应力作用下岩体翼形裂纹模型与数值验证

考虑翼形裂纹内渗透压和主裂纹连通部分渗透压对翼形裂纹尖端应力强度因子的影响,建立渗透压-应力作用下岩体压剪翼形裂纹模型,该模型引入翼形裂纹的折算长度l_(eq),将翼形裂纹尖端的应力强度因子K_Ⅰ视为远场应力作用下平直孤立翼形裂纹产生的应力强度因子K_Ⅰ~((1))和等效主裂纹(主裂纹和折算翼形裂纹对组成)产生的应力强度因子K_Ⅰ~((2))之和.针对不同的侧压系数和裂纹渗透压,建立渗透压-应力作用下翼形裂纹有限元分析模型,得出:在高渗透压作用下,随翼形裂纹扩展,翼形裂纹尖端拉应力集中区逐渐增大;侧向拉应力和高渗透压是导致翼形裂纹不稳定扩展的主要因素.通过理论模型和有限元分析对比发现:除翼形裂纹很短的情况外,考虑裂隙渗透压时翼形裂纹理论模型得到的应力强度因子普遍较小,而不考虑渗压时模型解和有限元解误差较少,可以认为理论模型得到的翼裂尖端无量纲应力强度因子与翼形等效裂纹长度关系曲线在走向和量值与有限元解基本上是吻合的.渗透压-应力作用下翼形裂纹模型的建立可为水力劈裂研究和矿井岩溶突水力学机理研究提供理论参考:     

压缩载荷作用下分支裂纹断裂与扩展的数值和实验研究

材料中裂纹形态比较复杂,有弯曲,交叉或者分支等等,通过数值和实验的方法研究了在压缩载荷作用下分支裂纹的断裂问题,考虑分支裂纹倾角和长度对应力强度因子和裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明：裂纹倾角的增加使I型应力强度因子减小,而裂纹长度的增大使应力强度因子增大,长度较大的分支裂纹对长度较小的有一定的抑制作用。通过对张开型分支裂纹和弯折裂纹砂岩试件的单轴压缩试验,发现砂岩试件的破坏形式主要是以I型翼型裂纹扩展为主,其起裂位置距离裂纹尖端的距离随着分支裂纹角度的增大而减小;分支裂纹倾角越大,其翼型裂纹起裂角就越小但相应的起裂载荷却越大。还对张开型裂纹和闭合型裂纹做了一定的比较,发现张开型裂纹的起裂角要大于闭合型裂纹的起裂角,但其起裂载荷却正好相反。     

爆炸荷载对邻近巷道背爆侧裂纹的影响规律

为了探究爆炸应力波对邻近巷道背爆侧隐性裂纹的影响规律,采用爆炸加载透射式动态焦散线系统,进行了试验研究。试验结果表明:在爆炸荷载作用下,邻近巷道围岩中存在裂纹缺陷的背爆侧也成为主要扰动区,且扰动大小与裂纹距巷道距离和裂纹长度有关;当裂纹长度为5 mm,裂纹与巷道间距分别为2,3,4和5 mm时,裂纹扩展过程中动态应力强度因子变化曲线呈现相似的规律,即当裂纹与巷道贯穿后快速增大到第1峰值,然后在峰值上下持续振荡一段时间后减小到0,所不同的是,在峰值上下振荡性变化的持续时间和期间的最大值逐渐减小,最大值依次为1.651,1.572,1.419和1.346 MN/m3/2,这决定了裂纹远端的最终扩展位移对应为25.197,16.378,10.236和5.984 mm,呈逐渐减小的规律;裂纹与巷道间距的存在不仅对裂纹的扩展有一定的延迟作用,而且削弱了作用于裂纹远端的应力波能,并且这种延迟和削弱作用随裂纹与巷道间距的增大逐渐增强。     

New energy vehicle:an opportunity for rare earth magnets

<正>Extracted from Securities Guide 1.Popularity of new energy vehicles—an irresistible market trend1.1 Progress of new energy vehicles Chinese Premier Li Keqiang said recently on a visit to Xi'an BYD Autos that new energy vehicles,especially new energy bus,can lessen environment and noise pollution.He encouraged the use of new     

China rare earth market review

正November 1~10,2014Chinese rare earth market was still inactive.Demand for rare earth products was weak.Consumers took a wait-and-see attitude for lower price.As it was an off season for rare earth products,it was expected that prices of rare earth could continue turbulence at the bottom in short terms.Due to a sharp drop,demand for rare earth from downstream recovered.Affected by new energy vehicles,wind powder and energy-efficient appliances,production of rare earth permanent     

China rare earth market review

正August 1~10,2014 There was some good news in rare earth industry recently.Restructuring plans of rare earth groups led by Baotou IronSteel Group and Xiamen Tungsten Group respectively have been approved by MIIT.And rare earth storage policy,which had been expected for a very long time,has been launched officially.Pushed by the good news,rare earth price started to rebound since August 5.Price of didymium oxide and dysprosium oxide rose about 1% to 2%,averagely.About 10% of     

China rare earth market review

正July 1~10,2014Due to weak demand from downstream industry and slow transactions,rare earth market remained weak and price of rare earth products continued to decline.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,     

注浆加固技术在十三矿-685 m进风大巷中的应用

针对煤矿开采深度不断向深部延伸,掘进巷道受深部高应力的影响越来越大,巷道围岩整体稳定性差,矿山压力显现越剧烈现象,一般锚网喷加锚索支护无法从根本上控制巷道的变形。总结了平煤股份十三矿-685 m进风大巷注浆加固技术,依据对巷道掘进之后变形监测数据的采集,对巷道变形机理进行分析研究,并对注浆时段进行了合理选择,在对巷道的注浆工艺进行了充分论证的基础上,对巷道进行了注浆。注浆后效果表明:巷道滞后注浆时间段的选择非常重要,巷道在恰当的时间内进行注浆加固施工,能有效控制巷道的变形,巷道注浆后变形量明显减小,岩体的稳定性明显增强,减少了巷道日常维修工作,降低了矿井的生产成本,保障了矿井的安全生产。     

Brief news

正China Minmetals Rare Earth Construction of Jianghua Separation Plant is set to complete at the yearend Civil works of Jianghua Separation Plant have been finished and the company is installing and debugging equipments now.It is estimated that construction of Jianghua Separation Plant will be     

Brief news

正Total transactions of rare earth in Rare Earth Ex-change Center of Hunan South Rare and Precious Metal Exchange neared 40 billion yuan from January to October From the opening in January of this year to the end of October,the total transaction of rare earth products in Rare Earth Exchange Center of Hunan South Rare and Precious Metal Exchange neared40 billion yuan.There are 16 varieties including dysprosium oxide and terbium oxide traded on the exchange center,one of the largest trading platforms for rare earth oxides in China.     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

Theoretical basis for optimal collector concentrations and pulp pH values during flotation of sulfide-free minerals

A hypothesis that associates optimal conditions of mineral flotation with a zero charge of their surface is put forward. This hypothesis serves as a basis for a methodology to obtain and verify quantitative physical-chemical models for a minimal necessary concentration of a collector during flotation of sulfide-free minerals. These models may be of use for upgrading engineering processes of flotation and as a job for the concentration plant automation systems. __________ Translated from Fiziko-Tekhnicheskie Problemy Razrabotki Poleznykh Iskopaemykh, No. 2, pp. 89–99, March–April, 2006.