高锰酸钾改性对颗粒活性炭吸附Cu2+的影响

采用KMnO₄溶液在回流状态下对颗粒活性炭进行了改性。考察了KMnO₄ 溶液浓度对Cu²⁺吸附率-pH曲线及pH的影响,并研究了KMnO₄ 改性对颗粒活性炭吸附和解吸Cu²⁺性能的影响。结果表明,KMnO₄ 改性使颗粒活性炭对 Cu²⁺吸附率-pH曲线及pH向低pH偏移。当KMnO₄溶液浓度为0.03 mol/L时,改性颗粒活性炭效果最好;KMnO₄ 改性提高了颗粒活性炭对Cu²⁺的吸附速率,使其投加量节省约3倍;Cu²⁺在改性及未改性活性炭上的吸附遵循Freundlich等温吸附方程,在相同Cu²⁺平衡浓度下,KMnO₄改性活性炭对 Cu²⁺的吸附量提高约 2.7倍;使用 0.35 mol/L的HCl溶液作解吸液,Cu²⁺从KMnO₄改性活性炭上的解吸率为 91.1%,而Cu²⁺从未改性活性炭上的解吸率仅为8.8%。KMnO₄ 改性提高了颗粒活性炭从水中吸附重金属离子的能力,并促进了其解吸再生性能。     

草酸法改性锰矿自水中吸附去除Ni2+

以草酸法改性锰矿和天然锰矿为吸附剂，研究了pH值、吸附时间、投加量对Ni²⁺吸附去除率的影响，并测定了饱和吸附量。结果表明，Ni²⁺的吸附-pH曲线呈“S”形特征，对Ni²的吸附去除率随吸附时间的延长和改性锰矿投加量的增加而提高；在25 ℃、吸附体系pH=7.0、吸附剂浓度为0.2 g/L的条件下，草酸法改性锰矿和天然锰矿对Ni²⁺的饱和吸附量分别为32.3 mg［Ni²⁺］/g和11.6 mg［Ni²⁺］/g，提高了约2.8倍。改性锰矿有望成为处理含Ni²⁺废水的新型吸附材料。     

碱浸改性蛇纹石尾渣吸附材料的制备及其对Cu2+的吸附性能研究

为提升蛇纹石尾渣(ALS)对重金属污染物Cu²⁺的去除效果,实现废水中Cu²⁺的高效去除,开展了蛇纹石尾渣碱浸改性研究,系统探究改性后蛇纹石尾渣吸附材料(AALS)对废水中Cu²⁺去除性能的影响。结果表明,当蛇纹石尾渣与氢氧化钠质量比为1∶0.12、改性温度为30.0℃、改性时间为90.0min时,改性效果最佳。利用BET、SEM、XRD和FTIR等分析方法考察了碱浸改性蛇纹石尾渣的改性机理。结果表明,碱浸改性致使蛇纹石尾渣的比表面积从22.62m²/g提高到67.19m²/g,碱可以侵蚀蛇纹石浸渣的结构,导致其暴露出更多Si—O—Si、Si—O官能团,增加了颗粒表面的Cu²⁺吸附位点。AALS对溶液中Cu²⁺的最佳吸附条件为AALS用量为0.15g、吸附时间为15min、溶液p H值为5.39,此时其对50.0m L浓度为125.0mg/LCu²⁺溶液中Cu²⁺的吸附量及Cu^2+...     

紫外光照下改性A-TiO2降解番红花红T

用水热法制备了掺Fe³⁺改性TiO₂粉末,通过XRD对其结构进行了表征,并研究了在紫外光照下该掺Fe³⁺改性TiO₂对番红花红T的催化降解效果。结果表明: TiO₂晶体属于纯锐钛矿型(A-TiO₂); 优化降解条件为: 番红花红T溶液初始浓度15 mg/L,pH=5,5%掺Fe³⁺量的A-TiO₂用量4 g/L,16 ℃下经254 nm照射反应55 min,该条件下番红花红T降解率59.5%; 相同优化条件下进行暗吸附,30 min达到吸附平衡,A-TiO₂对番红花红T平衡吸附量2.02 mg/g。番红花红T降解率与吸附率基本正相关。     

硝酸改性活性炭的制备及其对Cu2+的吸附性能

以不同浓度的硝酸对活性炭进行改性,用BET氮吸附法和Boehm滴定法对改性前后的活性炭进行了表征,并比较了改性和未改性活性炭对模拟含铜废水的处理效果。结果表明：经过硝酸氧化改性的活性炭比表面积有所增大,含氧官能团总量明显增加,因而对水中Cu²⁺的去除率大为提高;在常温、自然pH、活性炭用量为5 g/L、吸附时间为180 min的条件下处理浓度为10 mg/L的模拟含铜废水,经浓度为10%的硝酸改性的活性炭对Cu²⁺的去除率在70%以上,经浓度为70%的硝酸改性的活性炭对Cu²⁺的去除率接近90%;Langmuir等温吸附模型可较好地描述硝酸改性活性炭对Cu²⁺的等温吸附行为。     

钠基蒙脱石对Cu2+的吸附研究

为了寻找高效、低成本、无二次污染地解决重金属离子污染问题的方法,以提纯钠化后的蒙脱石(Na-mnt)为吸附剂,在对其进行性能表征的基础上,进行了Cu²⁺吸附试验,考察了Cu²⁺初始浓度、溶液的初始pH、吸附温度及吸附时间对Cu²⁺吸附的影响,并通过Langmuir、Freundlich等温吸附模型及动力学方程从热力学与动力学角度分析了Na-mnt对Cu²⁺的吸附机理。结果表明：Na-mnt对Cu²⁺的吸附平衡数据符合Langmuir等温模型,吸附过程是一个非自发的放热反应过程,吸附过程符合拟二级动力学方程。     

高岭土对含有Cu2+和Pb2+污水吸附性实验

这是一篇环境工程领域的论文。为了研究高岭土对含有Cu²⁺和Pb²⁺污水吸附性能的影响,开展了不同初始浓度、温度、吸附时间、高岭土掺量和pH值作用下高岭土吸附重金属离子实验,并分析了高岭土对Cu²⁺和Pb²⁺共同吸附实验结果。结果表明：高岭土吸附金属Pb²⁺离子的效果要好于高岭土吸附金属Cu²⁺离子的效果。结合实验结果和经济效益而言,在初始浓度为200 mg/L,pH值为6、温度为30℃,高岭土掺量为1.5 g,吸附时间为2.0 h时,高岭土对金属Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺离子的吸附效果较优,其中金属Pb²⁺离子的吸附量分别达到了56.38、56.22、58.76、35.75、和42.42 mg/g,金属Cu²⁺离子的吸附量45.99、47.45、47.27、25.26、22.52 mg/g。整体上,高岭土对共同吸附金属离子(Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺     

锆柱撑蒙脱石对铜离子的吸附效果

以晶面间距为1.87 nm的锆柱撑蒙脱石(Zr-pmnt)为吸附剂,研究了其吸附Cu²⁺的工艺技术条件。结果表明：在Cu²⁺浓度为100 mg/L、pH=7的50 mL模拟废水中投加0.1 g的Zr-pmnt,20 ℃下恒温水浴振荡120 min,Zr-pmnt对Cu²⁺的吸附量为44.26 mg/g,Cu²⁺去除率达到88.52%。     

煤矸石制备沸石分子筛及其对酸性废水中Cu2+的吸附性能

煤矸石中富含SiO₂和Al₂O₃,可作为制备沸石分子筛的原料。对枣庄矿业集团煤矸石进行低温氧化、酸浸除杂和高温煅烧,再加以碱熔二次活化等预处理后,进行水热合成反应,制备了沸石分子筛。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)对产物晶体结构、微观形貌和骨架结构进行了表征,表明产物为形态较佳且结晶度较高的4A分子筛。将所制备分子筛用于水中Cu²⁺的吸附,考察了分子筛用量、溶液pH值、吸附时间和温度对吸附效果的影响。结果表明在分子筛用量为6.0 g/L、pH值为5.0、吸附时间为180 min、吸附温度为40℃时,对Cu²⁺浓度为0.01 mol/L的酸性废水中Cu²⁺的吸附率可达89.2%。吸附动力学分析表明吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,化学吸附在吸附过程中起主导作用。     

聚酰亚胺螯合滤膜对Cu2+的吸附性能研究

通过对滤膜制备影响因素的研究, 确定了最佳制膜工艺条件, 用相转换法制备了对Cu²⁺具有较大螯合容量的螯合滤膜。研究了树脂颗粒粒径、树脂片厚度、Cu²⁺浓度、吸附温度、盐溶液pH 值和盐溶液浓度对膜吸附量的影响。对膜进行动态吸附测试表明, 聚酰亚胺鳌合滤膜(PIM D061)对Cu²⁺能实现吸附与解吸同步进行, 对Cu²⁺的最大吸附量可达800 μg/cm² 。     

Adsorbing colloidal flotation removing metals ions in a modified jet cell

The removal of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions from synthetic wastewater with a modified Jameson cell (MJC) was studied using adsorption colloidal flotation (ACF). A colloidal dispersion of Fe (OH)₃ (formed in situ from FeCl₃) at pH 11 was used as an adsorbent colloid to ensure full adsorption and precipitation. The precipitates were flocculated with polyacrylamide and hydrophobised with sodium oleate and pine oil as a frother during the flotation stage. In the modified jet cell, the downcomer was sealed at the bottom with a diffuser, and the re-flotation of detached flocs and the probability of bubbles/particles capture was enhanced, which improved the recovery rate. As a result, the modified Jameson cell was more efficient (higher loaded carrier recoveries) than the conventional jet cell (CJC) in removing heavy metals ions. The physico-chemical characteristics, cell design and operating parameters were studied, and the removal efficiency was evaluated by monitoring the final concentration of ions in the treated effluent. The results indicated that the removal efficiencies of the MJC were approximately 95% and 98% for dilute (Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Ni²⁺ concentration of 2 mg/L) and concentrated wastewater (25 mg/L of each ion), respectively. The optimal parameters included a Fe⁺³/ion ratio of 0.5 and a minimum air flow-rate/feed flow-rate ratio of 0.18. The results are discussed in terms of the physical and physico-chemical parameters, and the findings suggested that the proposed flotation technique has great potential for the treatment of wastewater.     

The Oxidative Precipitation of Thallium at Alkaline pH for Treatment of Mining Influenced Water

Thallium (Tl) may exceed regulatory limits in mining-influenced water (MIW) associated with processing cadmium, copper, gold, lead, and zinc ores. It is a toxic metal that is soluble over a wide pH range, resulting in both persistence in the environment and poor removal by conventional lime precipitation. This study evaluated the effect of potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) at alkaline pH on Tl removal from MIW in batch experiments. The oxidation of Tl⁺ to Tl³⁺ by KMnO₄ and subsequent Tl removal was explored at Tl concentrations of ≤1 mg/L in synthetic and actual MIW. In addition to Tl, the synthetic MIW contained ≈5 mg/L of Mn, while the actual MIW contained >10 mg/L of Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn and had a pH ≈ 2.5. Dissolved Tl <2 μg/L in synthetic MIW was achieved at a pH ≈ 9 (CaO addition) and ≥5 mg/L of KMnO₄. In the actual MIW, dissolved Tl <2 μg/L was achieved at pH ≈ 9 and ≥12 mg/L of KMnO₄. The Tl removal mechanism is complicated due to the presence of reduced Mn in the synthetic MIW and multiple metals in the actual MIW. However, effective Tl removal was achieved by adding KMnO₄ to synthetic and actual MIW at alkaline pH.     

改性夏威夷壳炭对废水中Cr(VI)的吸附行为研究

利用夏威夷壳和草酸钾制备改性夏威夷壳炭,采用SEM分析、SAP测定、FTIR及Raman光谱分析表征产物微观结构、孔结构、官能团及石墨化程度,通过吸附试验、动力学模拟及吸附等温线拟合,探究改性前后夏威夷壳炭对Cr(VI)的吸附规律。结果表明：①改性前夏威夷壳炭的表面孔隙结构相对较少、整体光滑;改性后夏威夷壳炭表面明显崎岖不平,粗糙度、孔隙增加。改性大幅提高了夏威夷壳炭的比表面积和孔容,降低了孔径,有利于提高夏威夷壳炭吸附性能。②改性前后夏威夷壳炭的结构仍保持相对完整,改性后夏威夷壳炭的峰强度比ID/IG增大,石墨化程度降低。③改性夏威夷壳炭对Cr(VI)的吸附率始终高于未改性夏威夷炭的;酸性条件有利于Cr(VI)的去除;Cr(VI)的吸附率随吸附剂用量和吸附时间的增加而升高,之后达到饱和;Cr(VI)的吸附率随溶液初始Cr(VI)浓度的增加而逐渐降低。④吸附动力学用准二级动力学模型描述和预测,夏威夷炭对Cr(VI)的等温吸附过程符合Langmuir方程,静电吸引和Cr(VI)的还原络合为主要吸附机制。     

锡石表面铜、铅活化及黄药吸附作用的研究：DFT计算

浮选是微细粒锡石选矿中最重要的方法,其中脱硫是选锡之前的关键作业。对于脱硫过程中所引入的Cu²⁺和丁基黄药(BX),在脱硫阶段会造成锡石的损失,而在后续浮选中残余的丁基黄药会与Pb²⁺发生协同作用捕收少量锡石。本文采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了Pb²⁺和Cu²⁺在锡石的活化机理,以及丁基黄药在锡石表面的吸附。DFT计算结果表明,Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺均能活化锡石,且两种离子的活化机理存在显著性差异。而丁基黄药也对Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺活化后的锡石具有捕收作用,其Pb²⁺活化后的吸附能为-264.3kJ/mol,Cu²⁺活化后的吸附能为-125.5kJ/mol,Pb²⁺活化作用更强,该现象与工业现状一致。Mulliken布居显示,在Pb²⁺活化下,丁基黄药的两个S原子与Pb形成稳定螯合结构,在Cu²⁺活化下,丁基黄药的双键S2原子与Cu形成Cu-S键。     

不溶性淀粉黄原酸盐对Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的吸附

以淀粉为原料、环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,通过与丙烯腈接枝共聚,制备了不溶性淀粉黄原酸盐(ISX)。将ISX用于吸附模拟废水中的Cu2+或Zn2+离子,通过试验得出了吸附的适宜条件。对试验结果的分析表明:Cu2+和Zn2+在ISX上的等温吸附过程较适合用Langmuir等温式描述,动力学行为较适合用准二级动力学方程描述;吸附属自发的物理吸附。     

硅藻土/竹炭复合材料的制备及孔结构表征

本研究以竹炭为主要原料,添加硅藻土,以硅铝复合物为粘结剂,经粘结造粒、表面包覆改性、高温煅烧等工艺,制备了一种新型硅藻土/竹炭复合材料。采用氮吸附法对其孔结构进行表征,结果表明,BET比表面积为142.563m2/g,总孔容为0.156cm3/g,相比竹炭,比表面积有所降低,但总孔容却提高了43.12%,意味着吸附容量增大了;孔隙分布也较合理,微孔率、介孔率和大孔率分别为44.23%、32.05%和23.72%,克服了硅藻土和竹炭孔径分布过窄的缺点。由此表明在竹炭中添加硅藻土制备介孔率高、孔径分布均匀、吸附容量大的吸附材料是一种可行的方法。     

红黄土对水中Cr~(3+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附性能

用天然红黄土作为吸附剂进行了去除水中Cr3+和Cd2+的试验研究,考察了pH值、吸附时间、红黄土投加量对吸附效果的影响,测定了不同pH和不同温度下的吸附等温线。结果表明:红黄土对Cr3+的吸附能力高于对Cd2+的吸附能力,一定条件下,Cr3+的去除率可达99.5%,而Cd2+的去除率最高约63%;吸附行为均符合Lang-muir单分子层吸附模型。根据试验结果,认为红黄土有望成为处理含重金属离子废水的新型吸附材料。     

Mathematical modeling of thermophilic bioleaching of chalcopyrite

Previous studies have shown that the different preferences of thermophiles to oxidize S⁰ or Fe²⁺ is reflected by different [Fe³⁺]/[Fe²⁺] levels in solution. In those studies it was concluded that [Fe³⁺]/[Fe²⁺] governs the thermophilic bioleaching of chalcopyrite rather than temperature or pH. Therefore, the proposed model is mainly based on the finding that thermophilic bioleaching of chalcopyrite is governed by [Fe³⁺]/[Fe²⁺] that result from the activity of thermophiles. A direct interaction between chalcopyrite and thermophiles is neglected because it has been reported that this is not a general behavior for all thermophiles. The case of constant temperature, initial pH 1.5–2.5, and chalcopyrite concentrates is considered. The main assumption is that chalcopyrite can be anodically oxidized or cathodically reduced depending on [Fe³⁺]/[Fe²⁺] in solution. When chalcopyrite is oxidized at high [Fe³⁺]/[Fe²⁺] levels, Cu²⁺ is formed directly at low rates: CuFeS₂ + 4Fe³⁺ → Cu²⁺ + 5Fe²⁺ + S⁰. Whereas, when chalcopyrite is reduced at low [Fe³⁺]/[Fe²⁺] levels, an intermediate (Cu₂S) is formed at higher rates: CuFeS₂ + Fe²⁺ + Cu²⁺ + 2H⁺ → Cu₂S + 2Fe³⁺ + H₂S. Because the oxidation of Cu₂S is relatively fast: Cu₂S + 4Fe³⁺ → 2Cu²⁺ + S⁰ + 4Fe²⁺, its accumulation is assumed to be negligible. To take into account the possibility of chalcopyrite being oxidized or reduced depending on [Fe³⁺]/[Fe²⁺] in solution, the principle of mixed potentials is used. The model is validated by comparing the calculated and measured values of copper extraction, total iron in solution, and pH.     

Effect of grinding media on the activation of pyrite flotation

In previous study, it has been found that the grinding conditions have a great effect on the flotation of chalcopyrite and galena as well as their separation from pyrite (Peng et al., 2003a, Peng et al., 2003b). In this study, the effect of the grinding conditions on the activation of pyrite by Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ were investigated. Based on flotation behaviour, EDTA (ethylene diamine-tetra acid) extraction, pulp potential measurement and electrokinetic study, it is found that the activation of pyrite flotation by Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ involves different mechanisms. Reduction of copper(II) to copper(I) and the formation of new copper sulphide phases are responsible for the activation of pyrite flotation by Cu²⁺. This is an electrochemical process. However, adsorption of lead hydroxide on pyrite surface is principally responsible for the activation of pyrite flotation by Pb²⁺. The effect of grinding media on the flotation of pyrite activated by Cu²⁺ or Pb²⁺ is through the change of pulp potential and iron oxidation species emanating from the media. The iron oxidation species from grinding media is electrostatically repulsive with respect to copper-activated pyrite and therefore, reducing conditions produced by mild steel medium promotes pyrite flotation in the presence of Cu²⁺. However, iron oxidation species from grinding media is electrostatically attractive with respect to lead-activated pyrite and therefore inert grinding medium favours pyrite flotation in the presence of Pb²⁺. This study provides a clear picture of how to increase or decrease pyrite flotation through a smart selection of grinding media.