阳泉地区覆土煤矸石山的植被恢复研究

植被恢复是煤矿区矸石山生态修复的关键和难点.针对阳泉煤矿区覆土0.7 m以上的煤矸石山,通过野外调查和样地撒播试验,对覆土煤矸石山植被恢复的情况进行了研究.结果表明:煤矸石山覆土后植被可以较快恢复,紫花苜蓿、沙打旺、刺槐等是阳泉地区煤矸石山植被恢复初期的适宜物种.     

煤矸石生态重建模式及其生态环境效应

煤矸石是矿区环境污染和环境恶化源泉之一,以王庄煤矿矸石山植被生态系统从矸石山立地特征 的分析与评价,对植物种子的生长效应及生态效应进行系统地调查研究,提出了煤矸石山植被恢复与生态 重建技术模式。     

矿区矸石山生态恢复技术研究

矸石山严重破坏着矿区生态环境.通过对潞安集团五阳煤矿矸石山实地调查,提出了矸石山生态恢复的措施,包括边坡整形和边坡植被重建.通过该治理方法的实施,实现了矿区矸石山的生态恢复,解决了煤矸石污染问题.不仅给企业带来了可观的经济效益,而且改善了当地的生态环境,具有明显的经济和环境效益.     

阜新地区矸石山表层植被技术研究

调查了阜新地区矸石的排放和占地情况,研究分析了矸石中的营养成分,提出了阜新地区矸石山表层植被技术的限制性条件和改良技术,研究表明阜新地区矸石山植被技术是可行且经济的。     

云岗矿矸石山生态恢复综合治理的研究

本文以同煤集团云岗矿矸石山为对象,对生态恢复治理进行了研究。分析了云岗矿矸石的现状以及对环境的影响,阐述了综合治理设计原则及规划,从设计、施工、生态效益等视角对云岗矿矸石山生态恢复综合治理进行了分析,治理方案达到了对矸石山彻底治理的目的,有着很好的生态效益和社会效益。     

自燃煤矸石山季节水分特征研究

采用DIVINER2000含水量测定仪定位测定了自燃煤矸石山深度为0~100 cm的黄土矸石复合层、黄土层和裸露矸石层水分体积含水率的季节变化和垂直变化。根据水分含量变化规律,将自燃煤矸石山的水分季节变化分为4个时段:土壤水分消耗期(3—6月)、土壤水分积累期(7—8月)、土壤水分消退期(9—11月)和土壤水分稳定期(12—2月)。研究结果可为自燃煤矸石山的生态构建提供重要理论依据,为以水分动态平衡为基础的植被恢复和建设提供数据支持。     

矸石山自燃的防治

从煤矸石成分、自燃因素、治理技术等方面进行比较,对目前矸石山治理较好的白龙煤矿进行了调查研究,综合分析了防止自燃的合理途径及方法.提出了应加强自燃矸石山治理,加大煤矸石综合利用,使用新技术消灭已经存在的矸石山,减少新矸石山生成.     

浅议矸石山的综合治理方法

通过对五阳矿区矸石山的实地调查研究,以保护环境和耕地为出发点,探讨了矸石山治理方法、适宜的植被类型、绿化造林技术和预防及治理矸石山自燃的方法,为煤矿的安全和清洁生产提供了有力的保证。     

煤矸石山危害及其植被恢复研究综述

针对煤炭企业每年产生的大量煤炭副产品——煤矸石堆积成山对矿区周边造成的环境污染,综合阐述了煤矸石山对大气、土壤、景观、人类生产生活等方面造成的危害,并对煤矸石治理方法中的植被恢复进行了系统阐述,提出了煤矸石山植被恢复中需要深入研究的内容,为矿区煤矸石山的植被恢复工作起到指引作用。     

屯兰矿煤矸石综合治理模式研究*

在矸石山综合治理模式指导下，西山屯兰矿依据当地的气候、土壤及煤矸石火情特点，系统实施了全程测温、灭火防复燃、山体整形与植被恢复工程，有效抑制了矸石山自燃，同时矿山表层土壤与浅层地下水中的重金属元素含量也明显降低，矸石山生态环境得到恢复。该矿区煤矸石山综合治理模式对于我国主要矿区煤矸石山治理有一定的借鉴和指导意义。     

Simultaneous Removal of Copper, Zinc, and Sulfate from Coal Mine Waste in a Laboratory SRB Bioreactor Using Lactate or Ethanol as Carbon Sources

The feasibility of inoculating coal mine waste piles with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) to prevent the production of acidic leachates containing sulfate and metal contaminants was evaluated in batch and column bioreactors. The results showed that SRB growth and activity could be attained in the presence of acidic (pH 4.5) coal mine waste using lactate or ethanol as a carbon source, while no obvious growth was found at pH <3.5. Inoculation of coal mine waste in batch reactors with lactate or ethanol as a carbon source resulted in efficient neutralization and high removal of sulfate and metals. Similar results were attained in dynamic-flow columns inoculated with SRB. SEM-EDS analysis of the precipitates showed iron sulfide to be the main component. This study indicates that SRB could possibly be used to prevent or limit acidic drainage from coal mine waste piles.     

酸性煤矸石山中氧化亚铁硫杆菌的杀菌剂研究现状

氧化亚铁硫杆菌的生物催化加速了煤矸石山的酸化氧化,抑制生物氧化的综合源头污染控制具有重要意义。对目前国内外氧化亚铁硫杆菌的杀菌剂研究现状进行了综述,在氧化亚铁硫杆菌的特征和催化作用的基础上归纳了考察杀菌剂抑菌效果的重要指标,鉴于在源头控制污染方法中遇到成本高、效率低等问题,提出新型复合杀菌与缓释包膜联合技术在矿山治理中的应用前景,为酸性煤矸石山原位控制应用提供参考。     

井下巷道矸石充填输送机的开发与研制

由于节能环保的要求,河北省规定煤矿井下掘进产生的矸石不允许上井,在井下的矸石就地消耗掉。这样即减少了成本,又达到了环保的要求,也不会因矸石堆放占用大量的土地。井下巷道矸石充填输送机在全国各地煤矿几乎未被使用,因此,开发这种设备将会有很大的市场空间。     

淮南煤矸石山周边土壤中蚯蚓对重金属的富集特征

为研究蚯蚓对煤矸石周边土壤中重金属的富集作用,从不同堆积年限煤矸石山周边土壤采集蚯蚓,分析了蚯蚓中Zn,Pb,Cd,Ni,Cr,V,Cu与土壤中相应重金属浓度关系。结果表明：随煤矸石堆积时间的增加,蚯蚓体内Pb,Cd,Cu含量增加,Ni,Cr,V含量先增加再降低,而Zn含量变化规律不明显;蚯蚓体内Zn和Cd含量可较准确反映煤矸石周边土壤中重金属浓度,而蚯蚓体内Ni,Cr,V含量可在距离上显示与煤矸石山远近关系;蚯蚓只对Zn和Cd产生富集效应（富集系数大于1）,且对Cd富集作用最大。蚯蚓可作为煤矸石山周边土壤Cd和Zn的指示生物。     

Distribution pattern and limiting factors of vegetation in coal waste pile of Xinzhuangzi coal mine in Huainan

In China, coal mine spoils have traditionally been dumped in cone-shaped heaps that have the potential to pollute air, soil and water environments. The coal waste pile occupies lots of arable land and endangers the ecological system in the coal mine district. Vegetation restoration is an efficient approach for controlling the environment pollution of coal waste pile, and is also a topic of current interest in restoration ecology and degradation system ecology. This study focused on the distribution pattern and limiting factors of vegetation in coal waste pile of Xinzhuangzi Coal Mine in Huainan. The results show that two stable plant communities (Synodon dactylon+Erigeron bonariensis.L+Setaria viridis community and Humulus scanden+ Erigeron bonariensis. L community) exist at the bottom of the pile. Synodon dactylon and Erigeron bonariensis. L have much higher values of summed dominance ratio, which denote that these two species can be used for restoration of coal waste piles. The high levels of pH (8.77) and salinity, low levels of total P and total K in coal mine spoil can be the limiting factors for the residence and growth of vegetation.     

Soil diagnosis and land suitability assessment for vegetation restoration on coal waste piles in Liupanshui,Guizhou, China

This study analyses physicochemical properties of soils from coal waste piles at the Naluozhai Coal Mine that were dumped 5, 15, 25 and 35 years ago, respectively. The soil at a 20-year old coal waste site where Vetiveria Zizanioides was cultivated was taken as a control. Principal components were analysed to determine their weights, and the weighted summation method was used to calculate soil quality integrated index (SQI). Eight indices were considered to assess land suitability for vegetation restoration, namely pH value, soil layer depth, field moisture capacity, stable infiltration, volume weight, total porosity, organic matter content and vegetation coverage. The results showed that vegetative restoration depends primarily on the organic matter content of the coal waste pile; the control pile recorded the highest SQI and it was satisfactory for vegetation restoration; the 35-year old pile was encouraging for vegetation restoration, second only to the control pile.     

Ecological restoration plan for abandoned underground coal mine site in Eastern China

Eastern China has a long history of coal mining and a large number of coal mine sites have been abandoned in this region leaving a legacy of mining-related land subsidence, coal waste piles and brownfield sites. Furthermore, as a result of the historical planning approach in the region, many cities were built around coal mines. Therefore, the ecological restoration of abandoned mine land has become vital to the sustainable development in these cities. This paper uses the Datong coal mine site in Huainan as a case study to develop a detailed ecological restoration plan and functional division for an abandoned underground coal mine land by considering the local conditions and mining history, site assessment and integrated monitoring tools.     

Structural Peculiarities of Coal Mine Waste Piles in Kuzbass

The article describes mechanisms of mass transfer in filled-up and washed-in piling of mineral mining waste. The criteria and hierarchy are determined to classify structures of waste piles. The structures of waste piles in Kuzbass are classified, and the diversity of one-component and compound structures of piles is presented schematically. It is shown how the determined regularities of mass transfer influence formation of fractional structures of mine waste piles, and on their physical and processing characteristics.     

基于温度场迭加法解析煤矸石山内部温度场

为了探测自燃煤矸石山内部温度随时间和深度的变化情况,对煤矸石山的自燃深度和时间进行测算及预警。基于热传导理论模型,采用热源温度场迭加法解析自燃煤矸石山内部温度场。通过野外实际实验模拟,采用温度场模型对实验数据进行解析计算,得出结论：该模型适用于自燃煤矸石山内部温度场的解析计算,且计算简单,误差基本控制在10 ℃范围内,最大误差为20 ℃,模型精度较高,对自燃煤矸石山的火源位置探测及预警具有重要的指导意义。     

粉煤灰掺量对土壤混合材料空气阻隔性影响的试验

治理自燃煤矸石山需要覆盖大量惰性材料,为节约土源、废物利用和保障环境效益,研究粉煤灰代替部分土壤做自燃煤矸石山覆盖材料的最佳配比。将粉煤灰分别与粉土、粉质黏土按照不同体积比均匀混合,通过室内模拟实验,测定不同配比混合材料的空气阻隔效果,分析不同粉煤灰掺量对混合材料空气阻隔性的影响规律。结果表明:在粉质黏土、粉土中掺入粉煤灰,混合材料的空气阻隔性随粉煤灰掺量增加而衰减,不同压差下测定其渗透率与粉煤灰掺量呈近似的指数函数关系;粉煤灰含量50%和30%分别是决定粉土、粉质黏土空气阻隔性变化的一个重要特征。建议在粉土中掺入粉煤灰的比例小于50%,在粉质黏土中掺入粉煤灰的比例小于30%。