块体纳米材料的结构性能及应用

块体纳米材料是纳米材料的重要组成部分，对纳米材料最终能否在大范围应用可能起着决定性作用。块体纳米材料具有很多比较特殊的结构和性能，这些特点决定了纳米材料的应用范围。文章对块体纳米材料的结构、性能和应用情况作了简要介绍。     

纳米材料及其在冶金工业应用的展望

纳米材料具有多种优异的性能，有广泛的应用前景。在综合了纳米材料的性能，结构及其制备的基础上，着重论述了纳米材料在冶金工业的应用前景。提出了冶金工业推广应用纳米材料值得重视的若干问题。     

浅析纳米材料及制备技术的进展

介绍了纳米材料的种类，应用及制备方法。根据我国目前纳米材料研究领域所占有的地位，展望了其发展前景。     

纳米材料性能及其应用前景

介绍国内外纳米材料的研究概况，综述了纳米材料的制备技术、微观结构、微观性能以及在各个领域中的应用前景。     

低维纳米材料的制备方法与金属纳米材料

纳米材料的纳米晶粒和高浓度晶界特征以及由此而产生的小尺寸量子效应和晶界效应，使其具有特殊的力、电、磁、声、光等性能。晶粒尺度在1～100nm范围内的金属纳米材料具有强度、硬度高，韧性好、损耗低，比热高，磁化率高、矫顽力高等特性，是具有广阔应用前景的新型材料。综述了目前国内外低维纳米材料的制备方法、表征技术和研究成果，并对这些方法和成果进行了比较研究，着重介绍用这些方法所制备的金属纳米材料及其在科学领域中的应用。     

块体纳米材料的制备技术概况

介绍了块体纳米材料的各种制备技术概况，指出了纳米材料要真正实现大面积应用和形成产业化的关键是在于实现块体纳米材料制备技术上的真正突破，即高质量、无微孔隙的块体纳米材料的制备技术上要形成真正突破。提出了这些制备技术所存在的问题和未来应该发展的方向。     

纳米科技重大发现--富勒烯结构二硫化钼类纳米材料的研究进展

本文简要介绍富勒烯结构的纳米材料的研究开发现状，阐述了这类纳米材料的制备方法和形成机理，旨在指出这类材料具有重要的科学研究价值和潜在的应用价值。     

一维金属纳米材料的制备技术

一维金属纳米材料很好地集合了一维纳米结构材料和金属的特性，在光学、电学、磁学等领域有着不可忽视的潜在应用前景，且一维金属纳米材料的成功制备对于顺利实现纳米尺度功能组件的实用化意义重大。该文作者综述了一维金属纳米材料（纳米线、纳米棒、纳水管）的最新制备进展，重点评述了模板合成法、台阶边缘修饰法、介孔层状结构替曲法、软溶液法制备一维金属纳米材料的过程及生长机理，分析了目前研究上存在的问题，同时展望了未来的发展趋势。     

贵金属纳米材料及其产业化过程

对贵金属纳米材料的种类、用途、产业化方法和发展趋势等内容进行了综合评述。贵金属纳米材料包括贵金属单质和化合物纳米粉体材料、贵金属新型大分子纳米材料和贵金属膜材料等几大类，随着国家对黄金和白银专控政策的放开和纳米技术与传统的贵金属深加工产业的结合，贵金属纳米材料作为一类在工业生产中起着重要作用的新材料，具有良好的发展前景。非负载型贵金属纳米粉末常用化学还原法、光化学合成法、电化学沉积法以及热物理法等方法进行生产，负载型贵金属纳米粉体材料则一般采取化学法（浸渍法）、离子交换法和吸附法等）生产，这两类贵金属粉体材料是目前获得工业应用最多的贵金属纳米材料，贵金属纳米材料的产业化过程有其特殊性，其发展趋势可以概括为改造、隆本、集约化和多功能化。     

纳米材料与纳米技术的研究方向及应用前景

纳米材料具有独特的表面效应、体积效应和量尺寸效应,使得材料的性能发生突变,纳米材料及采用纳米材料的纳米技术也因此成为材料科学与工程研究及应用最重要的发展方向之一。对国内外纳米材料及纳米技术的研究现状及其广阔的应用前景进行了综述,同时对纳米材料研制开发中的重要基础理论问题进行了探讨。     

纳米技术与硬质合金

就纳米技术的发展、纳米材料的结构和性能进行了综述 ,指出了发展纳米硬质合金所面临的技术难题及其对策 ,并就纳米硬质合金的应用领域进行了展望和预测。     

机械合金化制备超细、纳米晶CuCr触头材料的探讨

分析探讨了机械合金化工艺制备超细、纳米晶CuCr材料中的晶粒尺寸、氧含量和材料密度控制等主要问题，提出了一种低成本制备高性能CuCr触头材料的新思路，即添加高性能晶粒长大抑制剂 普通真空烧结工艺。     

Mathematical modeling of work hardening of heterophase materials with nanosized strengthening particles

Work hardening and evolution of the deformational defect subsystem have been investigated in dispersion-hardened materials with metal FCC matrix and nanosized particles at various temperatures. The investigation was conducted using a mathematical model including equations of balance of deformational defects.     

沉淀剂对ZrO_2(MgO)纳米粉体制备的影响

以ZrOCl_2·8H_2O、Mg(NO_3)_2·6H_2O为原料,分别以氨水、氨水+0.5 mol/L碳酸铵、氨水+0.5 mol/L碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂,采用化学共沉淀法制备ZrO_2(MgO)前驱体粉体.通过差热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱等对所得纳米粉体进行测定分析.结果表明:采用不同沉淀剂制得的ZrO2(MgO)纳米粉体平均晶粒尺寸都稍大于30 nm,用氨水+碳酸铵、氨水+碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂时,能够提高ZrO_2(MgO)纳米粉体的分散性能.     

Kinetics of Initial Coarsening During Sintering of Nanosized Powders

Grain growth during sintering is a critical issue for the manufacture of nanocrystalline bulk materials from nanosized powders. The grain growth process during sintering can be viewed as consisting of two parts: initial coarsening during early and intermediate stages of sintering and latter stage grain growth during the final stage of sintering. The latter stage grain growth is the normal grain growth that has been well studied and reported in the literature. The initial coarsening, which often inevitably causes a material to lose nanoscaled grain size characteristics, however, is not well studied at all. In this investigation, the initial coarsening during sintering of nanosized powders was studied by both nonisothermal and isothermal experimental techniques using tungsten as an example material. The results show that the initial coarsening during the heat-up process of a sintering cycle is sufficient to increase the grain size beyond the nanoscale. The kinetics of initial coarsening is found to be linear rather than polynomial, as predicted by the conventional power law of grain growth. The analysis of activation energies showed that surface diffusion is the primary mechanism for interparticle mass transport during the initial coarsening. The linear kinetic behavior could be attributed to the pinning of grain boundaries by surface grooves and high concentration of defects as the result of the synthesis of nanosized powders.     

Manufacture of composite electrochemical materials from suspended electrolytes

New composite electrochemical materials on a metallic substrate synthesized from suspended electrolytes with additives of kaolin and bentonite powders of the nanosized fraction are studied. The limiting concentrations of the additives in the electrolyte that warrant the retention of the decorative and special properties of the microchromium coating are determined.     

Structure and Electrorheological Performance of Nanosized Y2O3-Doped TiO2 Particle Materials

The nanosized particle materials of doped-TiO2 with Y2O3 were prepared by means of sol-gel technique for use in electrorheological (ER) fluids, and their crystal structures were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. To compare with the pure TiO2, a distinct enhancement in the shear stress under dc electric field was found by using such materials. This can be explained by the increase of the dielectric loss and dielectric constant at low frequency. The effects of the crystal structure of the particles on the dielectric property and ER performance of materials were investigated.     

Tribological properties of the babbit B83–based composite materials fabricated by powder metallurgy

Technological processes are developed to fabricate composite materials based on B83 babbit using hot pressing of a mixture of powders in the presence of a liquid phase. As a result, the structure of the matrix B83 alloy is dispersed, the morphology of intermetallic phases is changed, and reinforcing micro- and nanosized fillers are introduced and uniformly distributed in the matrix. The tribological properties of the synthesized materials are studied. The friction of the B83 babbit + 0.5 wt % MSR + 3 wt % SiC (MSR is modified schungite rock) composite material at high loads is characterized by an increase in the stability coefficient, and the wear resistance of the material increases by a factor of 1.8 as compared to the as-cast alloy at comparable friction coefficients.     

Study on Desulfurization Efficiency and Products of Ce-Doped Nanosized ZnO Desulfurizer at Ambient Temperature

Ce-doped nanosized ZnO desulfurizer was prepared by homogeneous precipitation,and its desulfurization efficiency at ambient temperature was investigated through dynamic experiments.The results showed that the desulfurization activity of nanosized Ce-ZnO had improved greatly,compared to nanosized ZnO desulfurizer.Nanosized Ce-ZnO desulfurizer was characterized by XRD,TPD-MS,XPS,and TEM.The research results indicated that doping Ce decreased the particle size of the nanosized ZnO desulfurizer and ZnS was the principal desulfurization product.There were adsorption complexes of HS and S on the surface of desulfurizer as well.Only a small amount of vapor appeared in the tail gas on the condition of meeting the precision of desulfurization.     

Zn4Sb3高性能热电材料的制备

A "reaction-extrusion process" has been developed to prepare Zn4Sb3 bulk materials with high thermoelectric performance.The synthesis,densification,and shape-forming of Zn4Sb3 bulk materials were realized simultaneously in one hot-extrusion process,and the resulting extrudates had high density with single β-Zn4Sb3 phase.A large extrusion ratio and a small punch speed are advantageous to enhance thermoelectric performance.The extruded Zn4Sb3 materials exhibited excellent thermoelectric performance,for example,the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit is 1.77 at 623 K,which is 36% higher compared to conventional hot-pressed materials.On the other hand,the incorporation of 1% SiC nanosized particles into Zn4Sb3 matrix leads to improvements in both thermoelectric and mechanical properties.