反倾断裂面在边坡稳定分析中的作用

本文根据块体理论使用矢量分析方法结合全平面赤平投影方法对某矿的边坡稳定性进行了分析,着重讨论了反倾断裂面时,在边坡稳定性分析中所起的作用.结果表明,当坡体内同时存在顺坡和反倾断裂面在开采过程的有限时间内,相对仅有从而顺坡断裂面存在的条件,可改善边坡的稳定性.定量的计算表明可提高边坡角7°～8°,描述了反倾断裂面对边坡稳定性的改善程度和特征.     

客土喷播生态护坡的设计与应用

通过南坪快速路的边坡生态防护设计,详细地介绍了利用客土喷播技术进行生态护坡的方法、要点和植物多样性的配比,并从保护生态环境和可持续发展的着眼点出发,阐述了边坡防护工程的发展趋势和生态防护的重要性。     

我国道路边坡防护的现状及发展方向探析

边坡是道路工程中的重要组成部分,直接关系到道路运营的安全使用.随着我国经济的快速发展,以及环境保护的日益重视,对道路边坡的稳定性、永久性、路容美观和生态保护等建设要求越来越高.笔者从国内道路边坡的产生、特点及种类,边坡防护工程存在的主要问题及施工难点,传统的边坡防护形式,边坡防护的最新进展以及我国金属矿山道路边坡的防护等方面进行了简要介绍,以及在此基础上提出了未来道路边坡防护的发展方向.     

新型生态袋边坡治理技术在某矿区滑坡体的应用

通过对某矿区水土流失及滑坡体形成原因分析,介绍了生态袋边坡治理技术在滑坡体中的应用,特别对生态袋护坡治理技术操作步骤进行了详细阐述;经过多次连续强降雨后,治理后边坡坚实稳固,坡体表面植被长势良好,使该矿区呈现出生态景观和人工生态功能区。生态袋边坡治理技术在某矿区滑坡体中的应用,有利于解决矿山开采与生态环境破坏的矛盾;对滑坡体进行防护,取得了防止水土流失、边坡绿化和美化的效果,具有推广实用价值。     

攀钢露天铁矿边坡变形破坏模式的探讨

通过利用数值模拟、相似材料模型试验、卸荷试验方法对露天开采形成的岩质边坡变形破坏进行研究，进一步探讨矿山岩质边坡变形破坏模式，为边坡稳定性评价提供理论和实际依据。     

含煤岩组高边坡稳定分析

边坡是各类工程中一类常见的工程结构。地质条件多种多样导致影响边坡的稳定性的因素也多种多样。本文分析了某工程含煤岩质高边坡内存在煤洞采空区时对边坡的稳定性影响。并对此高边坡进行了数值分析，对其稳定性作出了一定的评价。     

根土复合体材料的抗剪强度特性研究进展

在我国经济快速发展的进程中,自然地质作用与人类工程活动产生了大量的边坡,对人民生命财产造成了极大的威胁。为了有效地解决这类灾害,国内外学者开展了大量植物护坡技术的研究。植物护坡技术是利用植物根系与土体之间的紧密缠绕,起到提高边坡土体的抗剪强度,增强边坡浅层土体稳定性的作用。论文着重从植物根系的分布、根径大小、根数和土壤含水率、干密度等方面总结草本植物与木本植物根土复合体抗剪强度的变化,分析了植物原状土与重塑土的抗剪强度特性之间的差异性,并简要论述植物加筋理论力学模型的研究现状,最后对根土复合体抗剪强度研究的发展前景提出了几点展望。      

一种基于稳定性评价的岩质边坡坡体结构分类方法

对目前岩质边坡勘测研究中所使用的结构术语及概念进行了梳理和厘定,提出了基于边坡稳定性评价的坡体结构的概念;结合我国近年来水电工程岩质边坡勘测实践,以边坡主控结构面和潜在变形失稳模式为核心,总结提出了坡体结构类型划分体系,即将岩质边坡划分为层状坡体结构、中陡裂隙(面)控制坡体结构、楔形坡体结构和均质坡体结构四个大类九个亚类.该坡体结构概念及其分类体系对于复杂岩质边坡稳定性的定性评价、计算方法选择、边界条件确定以及稳定控制方案的制定具有指导意义.     

废弃建筑石料矿山边坡地质灾害勘查实践与应用

矿山是进行资源开采的重要场所,矿山周边的生态环境也是矿产资源生产的重要空间,更是地球生态的重要构成.文章研究矿山边坡地质灾害,以某废弃建筑石料矿山为研究对象,先介绍边坡地质灾害的勘查目的、要求及内容,然后阐述边坡地质灾害勘查的具体方法,展开稳定性分析后,以具体案例表明地质灾害勘查在废弃建筑石料矿山边坡方面的灾害预防作用,为矿山边坡设计提供科学地质数据依据.     

边坡生态复绿治理工程技术探讨

部分边坡工程在自然外力以及人工开挖的影响下而造成边坡裸露,边坡植被缺失,导致水土流失问题,并影响生态平衡。通过应用生态复绿施工技术,不仅能够提升边坡稳定性,同时还可改善边坡生态环境。对此,本文首先对生态复绿施工技术类型进行介绍,然后以某边坡为研究对象,对生态复绿施工要点进行详细探究,以期为类似工程提供借鉴。     

基于主成分分析和PSO-ELM算法的排土场稳定性预测模型

针对排土场边坡稳定性分析,提出了一种利用主成分分析法降低数据冗余性、粒子群算法优化极限学习机权值阈值的PCA-PSO-ELM排土场边坡稳定性预测模型。确定了土壤黏聚力、内摩擦角、排土场斜角、地基承载力、地震烈度、降雨和降雪条件、排土工艺以及乱采乱挖状况8个排土场稳定性预测指标,针对100组相应排土场数据,采用训练时间、RMSE值和决定系数R²来评价和对比PCA-PSO-ELM模型与BP神经网络模型、ELM模型和PSO-ELM模型预测结果的有效性。研究结果表明：利用经PCA降维处理过的排土场稳定性样本数据作为输入变量去训练和测试PSO-ELM网络模型,预测值与真实值非常接近,其预测精度和效率不仅高于ELM算法,而且远远优于传统BP神经网络算法。经过PCA法优化的PSO-ELM模型与未经PCA处理过的PSO-ELM模型相比,前者在效率相差甚微的基础上大幅缩短了计算时间,证明了该方法具有一定的实用价值。     

Ecological and Hydraulic Studies of Step-Pool Systems

The ecological and hydraulic features of step-pool systems are studied by field investigation, measurement, sampling, and analysis. The study is done on Shengou and Jiuzhai Creeks, where step-pool systems have developed, Fork Gully, where a step-pool system is developing, and the Jinsha River and Jiangjia and Xiaobaini Ravines, where there is no step-pool system. Boulders, cobbles, and gravel tightly interlock and form the steps having an inherent stability that only extreme floods are likely to disturb. Gravel and sand deposit in the pools behind the steps. These steps and pools provide high diversity of habitat for the stream biocommunity. The density of benthic macroinvertebrates in streams with step-pool systems is several 100 times higher than neighboring streams without step-pool systems. A new habitat diversity index is proposed considering the spatial distribution of various substrates, velocity, and water depth. The study reveals that the biodiversity of benthic macroinvertebrates increases with habitat diversity. Measurements with a specially designed instrument were done to study the development of step-pool systems and its effects on resistance to the flow and stream bed stability. A step-pool system maximizes the flow resistance and protects the bed sediment from erosion. Thus, the riverbed and bank slope are stabilized. The development degree of step pools is proportional to the streambed slope. The bed resistance increases with the development degree of step pools. Riverbed inertia represents the stability of the streambed. The development of step-pool systems greatly increases the riverbed inertia, and, therefore, maximizes streambed stability.     

Stability of Steep Slopes in Cemented Sands

The analysis of steep slope and cliff stability in variably cemented sands poses a significant practical challenge as routine analyses tend to underestimate the actually observed stability of existing slopes. The presented research evaluates how the degree of cementation controls the evolution of steep sand slopes and shows that the detailed slope geometry is important in determining the characteristics of the failure mode, which in turn, guide the selection of an appropriate stability analysis method. Detailed slope-profile cross sections derived from terrestrial lidar surveying of otherwise inaccessible cemented sand cliffs are used to investigate failure modes in weakly cemented [unconfined compressive strength (UCS)<30?kPa] and moderately cemented (30相似文献   

基于机器学习的边坡安全稳定性评价及防护措施

为了更加快捷、高效地判定边坡稳定与否,基于机器学习,融合主成分分析法（PCA）、参数调整、影响因素权重分析等,建立了一种边坡安全稳定性评价体系。研究发现,运用PCA可以在保留80%数据原信息的前提下将输入变量维度从六维降至三维,但此时模型效果有所下降;随机森林及梯度提升(XGBoost) 两种学习算法均可搭建有效的边坡安全稳定性评估模型,通过对其预测效果的对比分析,确定XGBoost为最佳评价模型。与此同时,采取卡方检验、F检验以及互信息法3种相关性检验手段,并通过计算评价因子的重要程度且加以可视化展示,明确了容重、坡高、内摩擦角以及内聚力4个内在因素的重要性,最终将评估结果与实际结合提出了边坡安全防护措施。      

顾及指标权重变化的露天矿边坡稳定性评价系统的设计与实现

快速、有效地评价露天矿边坡稳定性程度,对保障施工设备及人员的安全具有重要的理论意义和实际价值。论文针对露天矿边坡稳定性影响因素复杂、不确定,指标权重受主观经验影响,以及评价模型计算复杂、效率低等问题,依据信息熵和未确知测度理论的方法,建立了顾及指标权重变化的露天矿边坡稳定性的评价模型,不仅解决了评价指标数据不确定的问题,还充分考虑了评价指标权重动态变化的特性;在此基础上,采用Windows窗体应用程序开发模式,结合C#编程语言,开发了一套边坡稳定性智能评价系统,避免了人为计算繁杂,提高了工作效率。论文以越堡露天矿边坡为研究对象,研究结果表明:边坡稳定性智能评价系统对稳定性评价的结果与边坡实际情况基本一致,其具有较强的实用性、可靠性和可行性。      

Estimating the Depth of Deposition (Erosion) at Slope Transitions on Alluvial Fans

A typical flood mitigation structure on an alluvial fan consists of a dike∕channel system that deflects the flow away from the area requiring protection. Such a structure results in a change in channel slope from steep to mild when the flow first encounters the structure and from mild to steep when the flow is released at the downstream end of the structure. These slope changes result in sediment deposition at the point where the flow encounters the structure and erosion at the point of release. In designing the structure, the length and maximum depth of deposition (erosion) are critical variables that must be estimated. A simple model to estimate these variables is proposed and developed. The hypothesized model has been used to estimate the length and depth of deposition (erosion) on several projects in southern Nevada.     

Using REE Tracers to Measure Sheet Erosion Changing to Rill Erosion

Rare earth element(REE) tracer method was used to study sheet erosion changing to rill erosion on slope land. By placing different REE on different soil depth across a slope in an indoor plot, two simulated rainfalls were applied to study the change of erosion type and the rill erosion process. The results indicate that the main erosion type is sheet ero-sion at the beginning of the rainfalls, and serious erosion happens after rill erosion appears. Accumulated sheet and rill erosion amount increases with the rainfalls time. The percentage of sheet erosion amount decreases and rill erosion percent-age increases with time. At the end of the rainfalls, the total rill erosion amounts are 4.3 and 5 times more than sheet ero-sion. In this paper, a new REE tracer method was used to quantitatively distinguish sheet and rill erosion amount. The new REE tracer method should be useful to future studying of erosion processes on slope lands.     

露天高陡型边坡爆破振动监测和稳定性分析

采用现场爆破振动监测方法,对边坡进行爆破振动监测,并结合Geo-Studio二维仿真软件对爆破振动作用下的边坡稳定性进行研究。研究结果表明：随着边坡高程的增加,测点峰值振动速度逐渐减小,少部分存在高层放大效应;个别测点的爆破振动速度过大,即将超过爆破振动安全允许标准,主要原因是爆破单段药量过大,故需进行爆破参数优化。通过数值模拟分析,当边坡整体安全系数在1.050～1.152之间,在爆破振动作用下,边坡局部容易出现失稳。主要表现为：+202 m平台,在断层构造的影响下,边坡坡脚和坡顶瞬态变形量较大,极易在强降雨条件和爆破扰动下发生局部滑塌,需要对边坡加强监测和维护并采取一定的加固措施。     

安岳县拱桥乡初级中学崩塌特征、成因机制及稳定性分析

拱桥乡初级中学崩塌位于资阳市安岳县拱桥乡,由公路内侧切坡形成的边坡发展而来,公路开挖致使内侧形成约8米高边坡,边坡高度高、坡度大。边坡物质成分主要为中等风化泥岩夹砂岩,自身稳定性较差,在长年风化剥蚀过程中,软硬岩之间差异风化形成了凹腔。特别是雨季,雨水入渗,增大岩土体容重、减小内部结合力,致使边坡受冲刷而进一步变形失稳,发生规模不等的崩塌,并导致不稳定边坡后缘逐渐向边坡内侧拱桥乡初级中学靠近,威胁学校及下方公路安全。     

Study of Spatial and Temporal Processes of Soil Erosion on Sloping Land Using Rare Earth Elements As Tracers

Inrecentyears ,tracertechniqueshavebeenshowntobeveryusefulforstudyingtheratesandpat ternsofsoilerosion .Initially ,nuclidetracerswereused[1] .Sincethenthetypesoftracershavebeenex pandedtoincludeatomicbombfalloutradionuclides ,naturallyoccurringradionuclidesandstablerareearthelements (REE) [2～ 5] .Recently ,Burch[6 ] andWallbrinketal.[7] suc cessivelyusedmutipletracersincluding137Cs ,2 10 Pb ,and7Betostudysoilerosionandsedimentsources .Thismethodwaseffectiveforstudyingmediumorlong termaver…