科学用电,节电潜力巨大

从2000年由中国金属学会和国家冶金局行业管理司共同召开的“变压器、电机节能技术研讨会”上获悉,我国应当大力推广变压器、电机节能新技术、电网经济运行新技术,钢铁企业节电节能的潜力巨大。 1 现状 从1992年起我国发电量已居世界第二位。从发电到供电、直到各种电器设备全部电能消耗占发电量的28％～33％。这对全国来讲,一年就有3500亿kW·h电能损耗在运行的电路、电器设备之中。据专家们分析,我国电网平均损失     

Qinghai Aluminum Manufacturers Adopted Multistep Electricity Price In Electricity Usage

正In early April,the Provincial Development and Reform Commission,and the Provincial Economic Commission issued notice to clarify the multistep electricity price standard in 2014for electricity usage by aluminum manufacturers in the province.     

Analytical Approximation to the Probability Distribution of Electricity Marginal Production Costs

This paper proposes an analytical approximation to calculate the probability distribution of the marginal production cost of an electric power system. This information is expected to benefit both buyers and sellers of electricity in the upcoming deregulated environment. Since the exact computation of the probability distribution is prohibitive for large systems, we propose to use a combination of the Edgeworth expansion and the large deviation approximation. The results show that the Edgeworth expansion is accurate for computing probabilities at the center of the distribution and the large deviation approximation for computing tail probabilities. Monte Carlo simulation is used as a benchmark to verify and assess the performance of the approximation method in a large power system. In our stochastic model of the system marginal production cost, the load is represented by a normal distribution and the generating unit availability is characterized by its forced outage rate. It is found that the proposed approximation provides accurate estimates at a reasonable computational time.     

Increase of Electricity Price Likely to Drive Industry of Aluminum Westward

【正】On December 1, China’s National Development and Reform Commission announced to increase retail electricity price and on-grid electricity price nationwide. Th...     

运用系统节能技术实现煤气向发电高效转换

从国家政策要求和企业降低能源使用成本两方面说明了煤气向发电高效转换的必要性。分析了本企业二次能源资源利用现状,提出提高自发电量的总体策略。给出了煤气全部回收利用,优化煤气、蒸汽消耗结构的技术措施,运用能源管理中心(EMS)工具实现对煤气、蒸汽、发电负荷状态参数的实时监控和优化调度。用PDCA循环管理模式进行持续改善,提升了公司自发电量,降低了能源使用成本。     

Electricity in the production of metals: From aluminum to zinc

This article treats some electrometallurgical and electromagnetic aspects of the production of metals, but it opens with an examination of whether there is ldelectricity”(i.e., vitality) in the primary metals industries, particularly within the United States of America. That question is examined in terms of the economics of two examples: aluminum and zinc. Then, three examples are provided of potential improvements in the production of metals arising from industrial and university research: use of new electrode materials in Hall-Héroult cells to reduce energy consumption in aluminum smelting, the fluidized bed electrowinning of copper and other metals, and the employment of electromagnetic forces in metals processing, particularly electromagnetic casting. The article concludes with observations on the paucity of United States support for research and development (R & D) in primary metals production, compared with that of other industrial activities and of other nations, and suggests a prognosis for the future of academic research and teaching in extractive and process metallurgy.     

煤气管道保温致发电量增加的经济性分析

钢铁企业利用剩余煤气发电节能效益巨大,由于煤气温度本身较低,一些钢企对是否保温以及产生的效果心存疑虑而未加重视。通过实际检测和理论分析,定量的计算出了管道保温带来的经济效益,对于钢铁行业煤气发电厂促进节能增效具有很好的参考价值。     

科学管理电气备件

备件管理是现代企业设备管理的主要组成部分,备品备件管理的好坏直接关系到设备的完好率和利用率。本文以唐钢氧气厂为例,阐述了科学管理电气备件的方法,及其带来的巨大收益。     

The Landing of Electricity Reform is Expected to Invigorate The Aluminum Industry

<正>On March 9,journalist of the 21st Century Business Herald learned from the website of the National Energy Administration that Wang Yumin,member of the National Committee of CPPCC and Deputy Director of the National Energy Administration,recently said the"Several Opinions on Further Deepening Electricity System Reform"which aims at push forward electricity system reform would soon be unveiled,he emphasized the reform would     

提高烧结电尘水浸镉产量的研究

通过对铅锌冶炼厂水浸镉系统中工艺、设备等方面存在的问题进行分析，找出了制约产量提高的瓶颈因素，结合生产实际提出了改进措施，在生产实施后取得了良好的效果。     

加快电力建设夯实能源基础

为了彻底打破秀山县电力瓶颈，秀山县委、县政府采取了一系列有力的措施，使得秀山县电力迅速发展，今后随着秀山县锰工业、建材业的发展，以及秀山县城镇化的提高，秀山县电力必须进一步加快发展速度。     

双极串联电渣重熔降低电耗的途径

从理论分析的方法找出双极串联电渣重熔工艺影响电耗的因素,再探究工业实践中生产板坯电渣锭用双极串联电渣炉降低电耗的途径,包括调整熔炼熔速、渣系配比及部分工艺参数等。     

目前基本电价计费存在的问题

我国现行两步制电价机制。基本电价按最大需量或变压器容量计费,拥护普遍对基本电费的收取方式存在争议。笔者就这些争议意见进行了研究分析,提出了自己的看法。     

Transmission Asset Investment in Electricity Markets

We construct a general analytic framework for the transmission network investment problem in the market environment and demonstrate its application to some test systems. We define a set of metrics to quantify the improvement attained in terms of welfare for all the participants and make use of them in the evaluation of the impacts of new transmission investments under competition. The proposed metrics are useful to the central entity responsible for transmission planning to provide meaningful measures of the effects of a modification in the grid over the planning horizon. The proposed framework is particularly useful to transmission network planners to support desired environmental targets. The analysis of the effects of new investments on the participants affected by the expansion includes the assessment of appropriate environmental attributes. The consistency of the measured values in terms of these metrics allows the comparison of disparate transmission investment projects and their effective prioritization. A key element of the framework is the deployment of an optimization scheme to maximize the social welfare with and without the transmission asset investments under various bidding behaviors of the market players and contracting conditions. We report the application of the proposed framework to investigate several transmission expansion scenarios on the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system network. The results on both pool-based markets and combined pool-bilateral contract markets provide a good illustration of the capability of the framework to effectively address realistic questions in transmission investment.     

城市生活垃圾高温裂解发电技术

介绍了一种先进的城市生活垃圾处理技术——高温裂解技术,阐述了该技术的主要特点,分析了该技术在中国的应用前景。     

Creep-Fatigue Problems in Electricity Generating Plant

Abstract

Various components of boilers and turbines are subjected to creep-fatigue loading which can cause cracking and, occasionally, lead to catastrophic failure. To better understand the problem, relevant fatigue data are required which should, ideally, be obtained from tests incorporating cyclic temperature and strain.

High Temperature Low Cycle Fatigue is reviewed briefly with particular emphasis on Thermal Fatigue, i.e. where strain cycling results from and is accompanied by temperature changes.

Some results on 2–1/4 Cr–1Mo steel are presented which show that the fatigue resistance under simulated operational conditions is significantly lower than under the isothermal conditions often used to generate design data. Suggestions for further research are put forward.

Résumé

Diverses parties constitutives de chaudières et de turbines sont soumises à des contraintes de fatigue en condition de flu age, qui peuvent en trainer la fissuration et occasionellement, conduire à une rupture catastrophique. Une meilleure compréhension du probléme implique l'obtention de données appropriées sur la fatigue; ces données devraient être obtenues à partir d'essais cycliques faisant intervenir déformation cyclique et température.

Une bréve revue du processus de Fatigue oligocyclique à haute température est effectuée; elle porte en particulier sur le cas de Fatigue thermique dans lequelle cyclage de déformation provient et est accompagné de changements de température.

Quelques résultats concernant l'acier 2–1/4 Cr–1 Mo montrent que la résistance à la fatigue en conditions opératoires simulées est nettement plus faible que celle obtenue en conditions isothermes qui est couramment utilisee pour ca1culer les installations. Quelques idées pour une recherche ultèrieure sont suggérées.     

会计电算化中保证机内记账凭证正确无误之我见

现代会计核算大多采用计算机代替手工记账、算账、报账,并进行电子化分析等,本文仅就如何保证计算机内记账凭证的正确无误谈几点看法。     

改进铝电解槽槽罩绝缘性能，消除槽罩漏电

在传统铝合金U形槽罩、石棉垫组装件的情况下，电解槽阳极电流有一小部份从槽眉板经过槽罩导向槽体。造成电流空耗损失。使用MPI耐高温U形槽作为替代品，其长期耐热性、耐腐性、阻燃性等能够满足电解生产运用，经过试验测试，绝缘性能良好，较好地解决了电解槽槽罩通过旁路导电作无用功的状况，值得推广应用。     

正弦波同步触发电路及其晶闸管充电装置中的应用

正弦波同步触发电路是为晶闸管提供触发脉冲。阐述了正弦波同步触发电路的组成及各部分的作用，具体分析了一些出现故障的原因，并在十几年运行的经验基础上，提出了一些解决实际问题的方法。     

A Number of Aluminum Enterprises Increase or Restore Production Thanks to Guangxi's Electricity Reform

正According to a Guangxi Daily report on February 26,enterprises in Guangxi cut their electricity costs by RMB 24.40 million in the first half of 2017 at a price RMB 0.027 lower per kilowatt hour for directly-purchased electricity and cut their electricity costs by more than RMB 47.60 million in the second half of 2017 at a price RMB 0.133 lower per