浅析焊接残余应力及其消除方法

简介了焊接残余应力危害的特点，影响因素、测量及消除残余应力的几种方法，重点论述爆炸法消除焊接残余应力的有关问题。     

脱硅槽底板的爆炸消除残余应力处理

本文简要介绍了爆炸处理消除焊接残余应力的新技术,它不受工件尺寸限制,还具有方法灵活,操作简便,费用较低及消余应力效果好的特点,经爆炸处理后,焊接接头的金相组织、机械性能基本不变,接头抗应力腐蚀开裂能力,疲劳寿命、抗脆断能力有明显提高,脱硅槽底板爆炸处理实践表明,它完全适用于制铝行业大中型碱槽的消除应力处理。     

爆炸法消除超厚板焊接残余应力的工艺研究

研究了炸药性能、药条尺寸、布药方式以及引爆方式对消除超厚钢板焊接残余应力效果的影响。在此基础上，提出了优化的工艺方案，为爆炸法消除焊接残余应力技术应用到大型或特大型焊接结构上提供了依据。     

爆炸法消除100t转炉炉壳中腰环缝的焊接残余应力

采用爆炸技术消除武钢平改转工程两台１００ｔ转炉的７０ｍｍ厚２０ｇ炉壳中腰环缝的焊接残余应力，残余应力消除率大于６２％，不仅消除残余应力效果显著，而且快速简便，为工程进展节约了大量的时间和费用。     

爆炸处理消除焊接残余应力新技术简介

近年来发展了一种消除焊接残余应力的新技术一爆炸处理。该项新技术不仅效果显著,而且不受结构大型化、材质多样化的限制。本文简要介绍了该技术,以期引起冶金装备部门的关注。     

爆炸消除焊接残余应力技术在转炉检修中的应用

介绍了采用爆炸的方法消除金属材料在焊接过程中产生的残余应力的技术及其特点，并详细阐述了该项技术在转炉检修中的应用情况。     

爆炸处理消除焊接残余应力对SUS321不锈钢组织结构的影响

研究了ＳＵＳ３２１ 不锈钢经爆炸处理消除焊接残余应力后的残余组织与结构,发现低倍组织几乎没有什么变化,而在亚结构方面产生大量的位错、层错、孪晶,并伴有少量的ε－ 马氏体生成。     

爆炸处理消除焊接残余应力[1] 对SUS321不锈钢组织结构的影响

研究了SUS321不锈钢经爆炸处理消除焊接残余应力后的残余组织与结构,发现低倍组织几乎没有什么变化,而在亚结构方面产生大量的位错、层错、孪晶,并伴有少量的ε-马氏体生成。     

金属爆炸加工

本文介绍金属爆炸加工国内外现状,其中包括爆炸加工能源,爆炸焊接、爆炸强化、硬化、爆炸法消除金属焊接残余应力及爆炸成形等。     

超大型底座焊接变形控制

本文对焊接量大，焊后机械加工后要求不变形的大型底座的焊接变形问题进行了分析，制定了防止焊接变形的措施及焊接工艺以及消除焊接残余应力方法。     

湘钢15MnNiNbDR钢板焊接接头性能研究(二)

在前期湘钢15Mn Ni Nb DR钢板焊接工艺试验以及焊态焊接接头性能研究的基础上,对应力消除热处理态焊接接头性能进行系列性能试验。结果表明:湘钢生产的15Mn Ni Nb DR钢板焊接接头性能完全能够满足压力容器制造的要求。     

不锈钢—钢复合薄板的焊接

讨论了不锈钢－钢复合薄板的微束等离子弧焊接的工艺,提供了和这种工艺焊接的焊缝形状,化学组成,金相组织,耐蚀性和力学性能的资料,指出这种焊接技术在该种新型结构材料应用中的意义。     

700MPa级高强度调质钢板焊接性能研究

从低成本700 MPa级调质中厚钢板的焊接性能着手,分析了母材的成分、组织及性能特点,研究了其焊接冷裂纹敏感性、焊接过程中的热输入量以及焊后热处理过程对试验钢焊接接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明,针对50 mm厚的700 MPa级高强度调质钢板,在中等拘束条件下,采用BHG-4M焊丝富氩混合气体保护焊、预热100℃的工艺进行焊接可以防止冷裂纹产生;在苛刻拘束条件下,最低预热温度在120℃以上才能防止裂纹产生;试验钢对焊接工艺规范有较强的适应性,焊接热输入量在8.85~24.17 kJ/cm范围内变化时,试验钢焊接接头的综合力学性能保持在较高水平。     

正火控冷工艺对Q370QE钢板组织和性能的影响

采用正火控冷试验研究Q370q E钢板的生产工艺,结合力学试验和金相组织研究正火控冷工艺对Q370q E钢板组织和性能的影响,结果表明:钢板强度随冷却速度的增加和终冷温度的降低而增加,当冷却速率在8℃/s~14℃/s时,终冷温度在600℃~660℃之间,屈服强度增加约10 MPa~50 MPa,抗拉强度增加约0 MPa~20 MPa,组织为细化的铁素体和珠光体,满足桥梁钢所需的力学性能、冲击性能和焊接性能。     

Effect of Activated Flux on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Residual Stresses of Modified 9Cr-1Mo Steel Weld Joints

A novel variant of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding called activated-TIG (A-TIG) welding, which uses a thin layer of activated flux coating applied on the joint area prior to welding, is known to enhance the depth of penetration during autogenous TIG welding and overcomes the limitation associated with TIG welding of modified 9Cr-1Mo steels. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a specific activated flux for enhancing the depth of penetration during autogeneous TIG welding of modified 9Cr-1Mo steel. In the current work, activated flux composition is optimized to achieve 6 mm depth of penetration in single-pass TIG welding at minimum heat input possible. Then square butt weld joints are made for 6-mm-thick and 10-mm-thick plates using the optimized flux. The effect of flux on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and residual stresses of the A-TIG weld joint is studied by comparing it with that of the weld joints made by conventional multipass TIG welding process using matching filler wire. Welded microstructure in the A-TIG weld joint is coarser because of the higher peak temperature in A-TIG welding process compared with that of multipass TIG weld joint made by a conventional TIG welding process. Transverse strength properties of the modified 9Cr-1Mo steel weld produced by A-TIG welding exceeded the minimum specified strength values of the base materials. The average toughness values of A-TIG weld joints are lower compared with that of the base metal and multipass weld joints due to the presence of δ-ferrite and inclusions in the weld metal caused by the flux. Compressive residual stresses are observed in the fusion zone of A-TIG weld joint, whereas tensile residual stresses are observed in the multipass TIG weld joint.     

Effect of Arc Welding Processes on the Weld Attributes of Type 316LN Stainless Steel Weld joint

The present study aims at understanding the effect of various arc welding processes on the evolution of microstructure, mechanical properties, residual stresses and distortion in 9 mm thick type 316LN austenitic stainless steel weld joints. Weld joints of type 316LN stainless steel were fabricated by three different arc welding processes which were commonly employed in the nuclear industry. All the weld joints passed radiographic examination. Microstructural characterization was done using optical and scanning electron microscope. Volume fraction of δ-ferrite was lowest in the A-TIG weld joint. The A-TIG welded joint exhibited adequate strength and maximum impact toughness values in comparison to that of weld joints made by SMAW and FCAW processes. The A-TIG weld joint was found to exhibit lowest residual stresses and distortion compared to that of other welding processes. This was attributed to lower weld metal volume and hence reduced shrinkage in the A-TIG weld joint compared to that of weld joints made by FCAW and SMAW processes which involved v-groove with filler metal addition. Therefore, type 316LN stainless steel A-TIG weld joint consisting of lower δ-ferrite, adequate strength, high impact toughness, lower residual stresses and distortion was suited better for elevated temperature service compared to that of SMAW and FCAW weld joints.     

船用热轧钢板焊接性能研究

建立了热轧钢板焊接热影响区（HAZ）的连续冷却转变曲线（焊接CCT曲线）,以研究船用热轧钢板的焊接性能。根据所建立的焊接CCT曲线,选择了合理的焊接工艺对10mm厚的船用热轧钢板进行了手工电弧焊,并对焊后的焊接接头进行了宏观检验和X射线探伤、力学性能试验及冲击试验。借助金相显微镜和扫描电镜分析了CCT图中不同冷速条件下的显微组织和焊接接头的显微组织以及冲击断口形貌。试验结果表明：根据建立的焊接CCT曲线,所选择的手工电弧焊的焊接工艺是合理的,焊缝质量良好,焊接接头具有良好的综合性能。     

国产SS41钢焊接性能研究

研究了国产ＳＳ４１普通碳素结构钢的焊接性能。通过与相同成分及板厚的Ｑ２３５钢试验对比试验：ＳＳ４１钢采用Ｅ４３１５低氢焊条（手工电弧焊）、Ｈ０８Ａ焊丝配ＨＪ４３１焊剂焊接，焊接接头的力学性能与Ｑ２３５钢相当，可以替代Ｑ２３５钢用于重要的焊接结构工程。     

湘钢低焊接裂纹敏感性X610CF钢性能及工程应用

介绍了低焊接裂纹敏感性07MnCrMoVR钢(简称X610CF钢)的力学性能、组织结构及工程应用。该钢具有优异的焊接性能和低温韧性;板厚≤50 mm的钢板焊前不预热或稍加预热而不产生焊接冷裂纹,是制造大型压力容器(特别是低温和常温球罐)、水电站压力钢管的理想用材。     

EAF—CSP流程X65管线钢开发

介绍了EAF—CSP流程采用单一铌微合金化技术开发的X65管线钢。开发的X65管线钢力学与工艺性能均满足API SPEC 5L标准和用户采购技术条件的要求,同时具有良好的常温、低温韧性和焊接性能。试制钢得到了用户的认可并被广泛应用。