喷丸强化对TB6钛合金疲劳性能和表面完整性的影响

为了提高TB6钛合金零件的疲劳抗力,研究了喷丸强化对TB6钛合金疲劳性能的影响,并采用白光干涉仪、X射线应力测量仪、显微硬度计及扫描电子显微镜等仪器对其表面完整性进行分析,探讨喷丸强化机制。结果表明:相比未处理的试样,喷丸处理试样的旋转弯曲疲劳寿命显著提高。喷丸强度对TB6钛合金的疲劳性能影响显著,随着喷丸强度的增加,残余压应力层和硬化层深度相应增大,对疲劳性能有利;而同时表面粗糙度也在增大,局部应力集中效应会抑制疲劳性能的改善。     

喷丸强化对TC11钛合金高周疲劳性能的影响

主要研究TC11钛合金喷丸前后高周疲劳性能的改变情况,并对比研究了喷丸前后宏微观影响因素的变化。在疲劳试验前后采用X射线应力衍射仪(XRD)、金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、超微小显微硬度计等分析研究了喷丸强化对TC11钛合金高周疲劳性能的影响,并结合升降法和成组实验法测试喷丸前后两种不同表面状态下TC11钛合金的高周疲劳性能,拟合成两种不同表面状态下的疲劳S-N曲线。疲劳试验结果表明喷丸后在表层形成明显的残余压应力场和喷丸硬化现象,将裂纹萌生驱赶至次表面,显著提高了TC11疲劳强度和寿命。经喷丸后TC11钛合金试样疲劳强度极限达到616.5 MPa,而未喷丸试样疲劳强度极限仅为448 MPa,与之相比喷丸后疲劳强度极限增加了168.5MPa,提升幅度达37.6%。喷丸不仅使得试样表面完整性更为良好,减少了表面应力集中区,还使得表层组织中α相分布的致密度增加。喷丸硬化致使表层显微硬度值发生变化,形成一个深度有近260μm的梯度分布层,表面硬度达到HV433,较未喷丸相比也有近HV50的提升。喷丸后疲劳源深度达到258μm,较未喷丸试样的38μm相比增加达220μm。     

超高强度抽油杆残余应力分布和衰减规律的研究

以超高抽油杆为工程背景，对表面感应淬火和喷丸歼余应力的产生过程及在外加拉伸载上，残余应力的衰减行为进行了数值及实验研究，结果表明：当感应淬火和喷丸强化前，杆体屈服强度高于一定值后，其硬化层形成的残余应力基本一致；残余应力的衰减以决于心部屈服强度，心部屈服强度越高，使残余应力发生明显衰减的外加应力就越高；使残余力明显衰外加应力介于整体杆拉伸强度的σ０．０２和σ０．２之间，经表面感应淬火和喷丸强化后，     

渗碳钢残余应力场在接触疲劳滚压过程中的行为

就汽车齿轮渗碳钢，经不同工艺渗碳与强力喷丸处理后，对试件在接触应力作用下滚压过程中残余压应力场动态变化行为和接触疲劳性能进行了研究，结果表明，喷丸可使接触劳动强度提高，喷丸所引入的残余压应力场在滚压过程前基本不发生变化，是喷丸延长接触疲劳寿命原因之一，喷丸过程和随后的接触疲劳滚压过程同属在赫兹应力作用下的循环弹塑性应变过程。     

高强铝合金表面强化工艺研究

铝合金表面强化包括喷丸强化、振动强化和滚筒强化，它们均使材料表面产生一层强化层，其深度约在0．07～0．5mm。研究了滚筒强化处理后7804高强铝合金厚板的表面残余应力、硬化层深度和疲劳性能。试验结果表明，滚筒强化处理能明显提高7804铝合金厚板的疲劳性能。     

表面加工方法对TC4钛合金表面完整性及高周疲劳性能的影响

研究了磨削、一次喷丸、二次喷丸3种表面加工方法对TC4钛合金表面完整性及高周疲劳性能的影响规律,采用白光干涉仪、X射线残余应力测试仪对经不同方法加工的试样的表面形貌、表面粗糙度和表面残余应力分布等表面完整性参数进行了表征。采用旋转弯曲疲劳试验机分别测试了不同方法加工的光滑试样(应力集中系数Kt=1)和缺口试样(Kt=2)的旋转弯曲疲劳S-N曲线。结果表明,相比磨削,一次喷丸和二次喷丸处理后TC4钛合金光滑试样和缺口试样的疲劳极限均显著提高,TC4钛合金的疲劳缺口敏感性下降。另外,二次喷丸的疲劳极限增益效果优于一次喷丸的,原因是二次喷丸在TC4钛合金表面形成了更优的残余压应力场分布和更低的表面粗糙度。     

湿法喷丸处理YG8合金表面残余应力分析及对性能的影响

采用湿法喷丸工艺对YG8硬质合金进行表面处理,旨在提高材料的性能.通过X射线衍射法对不同喷射条件处理的合金表面残余应力及其深度分布进行了分析,并研究了残余应力对力学性能的影响.研究表明,湿法喷丸处理在硬质合金表层内产生残余压应力,喷射压力和喷射时间对残余应力及分布有显著影响,该应力及分布有利于材料性能的提高.应用该处理方法,在喷射压力为0.5MPa、喷射时间为2min的条件下,硬质合金的抗弯强度提高约11%,洛氏硬度为89.64HRA,磨损量减少36%.     

激光冲击喷丸对2195铝锂合金组织结构及抗应力腐蚀性能的影响

研究了激光冲击喷丸(LSP)对2195铝锂合金组织结构及抗应力腐蚀性能的影响。研究结果表明激光冲击处理后,2195铝锂合金表层晶粒细化到纳米量级,多次冲击能使表层晶粒进一步细化。残余应力测试结果表明激光冲击喷丸能够引入残余压应力,多次冲击后残余压应力数值更大。此外,应力腐蚀实验结果表明激光冲击喷丸能够有效提升2195铝锂合金的抗应力腐蚀性能。在应力腐蚀环境中,激光冲击喷丸诱生的表层残余压应力和晶粒细化层能够阻碍裂纹的萌生和扩展,防止应力腐蚀断裂。     

激光冲击强化对Ti6Al4V钛合金表面完整性和四点弯曲疲劳性能的影响

研究了激光冲击强化对Ti6Al4V合金表面完整性和四点弯曲疲劳性能的影响,采用扫描电镜、显微硬度仪、X射线应力测量仪及透射电镜等仪器对材料表面完整性进行了分析,采用MTS疲劳试验机对试样进行了疲劳性能测试,并采用扫描电镜分析了疲劳断口,并探讨了激光冲击强化机制。结果表明：采用功率密度为15.9 GW/cm2的激光处理试样后,其四点弯曲疲劳中值寿命较未强化试样提高了4.2～23.5倍;且激光功率密度越大,试样的疲劳中值寿命越长。激光冲击强化表现出比喷丸强化更优的疲劳寿命增益效果。分析发现：经激光冲击强化后,Ti6Al4V合金表面形成了深度约为600~1400 μm的残余压应力场,表面硬度比未强化区域提高了约10%,而亚表层内部的位错密度比未强化试样显著提高,以上表层性能和微观组织的变化对四点弯曲疲劳寿命的提高具有重要作用。     

激光冲击强化对Ti6Al4V合金表面完整性和四点弯曲疲劳性能的影响

采用扫描电镜、显微硬度仪、X射线应力测量仪及透射电镜等对激光冲击强化Ti6Al4V合金的表面完整性进行了分析,采用MTS疲劳试验机测试了疲劳性能,并采用扫描电镜分析了疲劳断口,探讨了激光冲击强化机制。结果表明:经功率密度为15.9 GW/cm^2的激光处理后,其四点弯曲中值疲劳寿命较未处理试样提高了4.2~23.5倍;激光功率密度越大,试样的中值疲劳寿命越长。激光冲击强化表现出比喷丸强化更优的疲劳寿命增益效果。经激光冲击强化后,Ti6Al4V合金表面形成了深度为600~1400μm的残余压应力场,表面硬度比未强化区域提高了约10%,且亚表层内部的位错密度也有显著提高。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.