燃烧器堵塞问题分析与控制措施

燃气锅炉运行中高炉煤气燃烧器经常积灰堵塞,导致高焦炉煤气和转炉煤气无法正常使用。通过对煤气特点和燃烧器结构性能进行分析,提出了解决堵塞问题的技术措施并实施技术改造,成功解决了堵塞问题。     

4t/h蒸汽锅炉煤气燃烧器堵塞问题分析及改造措施

4t／h蒸汽锅炉燃烧器因燃气通道易被堵塞,无法正常使用高炉煤气,通过对高炉煤气特点和原燃烧器结构性能和工艺特征进行分析,提出了解决堵塞问题的技术措施,设计出了能正常使用高炉煤气的新型燃烧器,解决了堵塞问题,锅炉能正常使用高炉煤气,并将技术进行了推广应用。     

三钢南区高炉煤气存在的问题与应对措施

三钢南区高炉煤气存在含水率高、腐蚀性强、温度低等问题,这些问题造成TRT发电机组叶片水蚀,煤气管路腐蚀,锅炉燃烧器堵塞,锅炉烟囱冒黄烟等问题。针对这些问题采取相应的措施,确保了三钢南区高炉煤气系统正常运行。     

钢渣处理间热风炉燃烧器脱火原因的分析及处理

通过对钢渣处理间热风炉燃烧器脱火问题的分析,对燃烧器的结构进行改造,解决了燃烧器脱火的问题,保障了高炉煤气能够稳定燃烧。     

自身蓄热燃烧器的模拟与结构优化

为了解决自身蓄热燃烧器的煤气"短路"问题,将收缩-扩张结构用于燃烧器空气通道对燃烧器进行了优化,并借助fluent软件对优化前后燃烧器的燃烧过程进行了模拟,计算结果表明:优化后的燃烧器能克服煤气"短路"问题,火焰体积扩大,炉膛的平均温度升高而局部高温区域减少,氮氧化物的生成量大幅降低,减少了污染.     

FWG型环缝涡流式燃烧器在制粉系统热风炉上的应用

针对天铁冶金集团公司热力厂热风炉在使用中存在的问题进行了分析，对热风炉燃烧不稳定所带来的安全和生产问题，决定对其燃烧系统进行技术改造。采用FWG型环缝涡流式燃烧器后，其燃烧稳定，适应能力强，煤气适用范围广．不堵塞火嘴，从根本上解决了热风炉燃烧不稳定和运行时灭火的问题。     

煤气锅炉燃烧系统工艺优化研究及改造实践

煤气锅炉燃烧系统对于锅炉燃烧效率、换热效率以及污染物排放有重要影响。锅炉燃烧器存在回火和燃烧不稳定、燃烧器喷口局部超温以及烧损等诸多问题,从锅炉燃烧工艺研究出发,对煤气的着火与燃烧特性进行了理论分析研究,提出了燃烧优化措施并设计出新型燃烧器进行改造。解决了燃烧系统所存在的回火与烧损等问题,提高了燃烧效率且降低了氮氧化物的排放。     

基于双旋流形式的烧结燃烧器结构优化

纯烧高炉煤气烧结燃烧器存在燃烧不稳定和脱火现象,降低了高炉煤气的燃烧效率。为了解决上述问题,提出一种新型双旋流燃烧器,模拟了该燃烧器内部的燃烧流动规律,并分析了双旋流形式对燃烧性能的强化效果。结果表明,模型可准确预测烧结料面处的温度分布,与现场实测数据的平均误差为5.3%;双旋流燃烧器可有效提升高炉煤气的燃烧效率,相比同工况下的单旋流燃烧器,其料面温度提高140 ℃,CO未燃率降低15.9%。研究结果可为现有烧结设备的性能提升和节能改造提供一种有效途径。     

唐钢1 780 m~3高炉热风炉燃烧器改造

对三座热风炉燃烧器以及炉顶部分进行了工艺改造,燃烧器更换第三代内置顶燃旋切式燃烧器,燃烧器用耐火砖砌筑而成,不仅解决了设备维护问题,提高了燃烧效率,节约了煤气,而且为提升风温打下了基础,进而优化了高炉指标,取得了一定的经济效益。     

邯钢球团生产线回转窑煤气燃烧器系统的改造

分析了邯钢200万t/a球团生产线回转窑窑头煤气燃烧器存在的不足,并进行了有针对性的改造,不仅解决了回转窑恶性结圈的问题,而且在不影响球团矿质量的情况下,大大提高了煤气燃烧效率,降低了吨矿煤气消耗和球团生产成本,取得了较好的生产效果.     

减少浸入式水口底部结瘤造成的钢水夹杂的实践

对天津天管特殊钢有限公司连铸作业区使用的浸入式水口,在使用后其底部出现结瘤的情况进行了分析,分析结果表明结瘤成分为氧化物。通过改变浸入式水口底部的材质,改善了在其使用后底部结瘤的情况,避免该类情况造成的钢水夹杂。     

Stable Oxygen Isotopes for Tracing the Origin of Clogging in Continuous Casting Submerged Entry Nozzles

An approach for tracing the origin of submerged entry nozzle (SEN) clogging that occurs during continuous casting of Al‐killed steel is presented. This approach consists of using stable oxygen isotope ratios. IR laser fluorination in combination with gas mass spectroscopy is performed to determine the oxygen isotope composition of alumina‐rich precipitates (clogging) and possible oxygen sources like refractory materials, slags, process and atmospheric oxygen. Three oxygen sources for clogging are identified. A quantitative model is presented.     

板坯连铸过程中水口堵塞的分析与解决措施

本文分析了在铝镇静钢的连铸过程中侵入式水口堵塞的基本原因,论述了解决水口堵塞问题的一些可行对策,有利于改进连铸生产及产品质量。     

连铸中间包上水口及浸入式水口结瘤物分析

水口结瘤一直是困扰连铸生产的问题,对连铸生产中发生结瘤的中间包上水口和浸入式水口从上到下做了全面的解剖分析,通过SEM、EDS、X-RD等手段对水口的结瘤物进行分析研究。结果表明,中间包上水口结瘤严重,钢水完全凝结;在浸入式水口渣线以上,发生了严重的结瘤,厚度约为16 mm,渣线下的结瘤较轻,结瘤物主要是Al2O3夹杂着钢水凝结而成,由于钢水中的酸溶铝含量较高,水口处Al2O3的富集使钢水凝结,堵塞水口。根据研究得出,中间包上水口和浸入式水口结瘤堵塞的原因为钢水酸溶铝含量较高,钢水在水口处温降过大、拉速过低等。     

Biogeochemical Evaluation of Mechanisms Controlling CaCO3(s) Precipitation in Landfill Leachate-Collection Systems

A common failure mode for landfills is clogging of the leachate-collection system. The reduction in hydraulic conductivity associated with clogging causes a buildup of leachate head on the underlying liner, potentially increasing advective contaminant transport from the landfill and contaminating adjacent groundwater. In this paper, the biogeochemical model CCBATCH is used to link a primary cause of leachate collection system failure—CaCO3(s) precipitation?to anaerobic degradation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in column reactors used to study the clogging phenomena. One key to applying CCBATCH correctly was dividing the VFA conversion into two steps: conversion of propionate to acetate, carbonic acid, and methane; and acetate conversion to methane and carbonic acid. The primary driver for CaCO3(s) precipitation in the columns was acetate fermentation to CH4 and H2CO3, which increased the total carbonate concentration in the leachate and shifted the acid/base control to a weaker acid system, which caused an increase in solution pH. A second key to proper modeling was adding CO2(g) gas transfer to CCBATCH. The modeling results indicate that the kinetics of CO2(g) gas transfer was a key control over leachate chemistry once acetate fermentation was nearly complete. These results suggest that the best approach for the long-term control of CaCO3(s) clogging may be to enhance CO2(g) gas transfer from the leachate while buffering the leachate pH to near neutral. Taken together, these actions should decrease the yield of CaCO3(s) precipitated per mass of acetate removed.     

焦炉煤气管道堵塞原因分析及防范措施

分析武钢焦炉煤气管道堵塞的原因,总结萘堵、水堵等各类堵塞的特征,提出发生堵塞后的解决方法以及预防措施,确保煤气供应。     

国内外防止浸入式水口结瘤和堵塞的新技术

从水口堵塞物的来源、微观结构、分布状况以及堵塞物的形成等方面,分析了浸入式水口结瘤和堵塞的机理,并针对水口堵塞问题,提出了具体解决措施,重点介绍了国内外防止浸入式水口结瘤和堵塞的新技术。     

Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Flow with Gradually Increasing Heterogeneity due to Clogging

Well injection replenishes depleting water levels in a well field. Observation well water levels some distance away from the injection well are the indicators of the success of a well injection program. Simulation of the observation well response, located a few tens of meters from the injection well, is likely to be affected by the effects of nonhomogeneous medium, inclined initial water table, and aquifer clogging. Existing algorithms, such as the U.S. Geological Survey groundwater flow software MODFLOW, are capable of handling the first two conditions, whereas time-dependent clogging effects are yet to be introduced in the groundwater flow models. Elsewhere, aquifer clogging is extensively researched in theory of filtration; scope for its application in a well field is a potential research problem. In the present paper, coupling of one such filtration theory to MODFLOW is introduced. Simulation of clogging effects during “Hansol” well recharge in the parts of western India is found to be encouraging.     

敞开式水雾化喷嘴

水雾化喷嘴是水雾化法生产金属粉末的关键设备。对于常规喷嘴,增大雾化夹角及提高雾化压力均可提高金属粉末的细粉率,但也都会遇到堵嘴问题,从而导致雾化过程中断。本研究分析了雾化过程中的堵嘴机理,设计了一种新型敞开式水雾化喷嘴,对其进行强度计算,并进行雾化试验。结果表明,此新型敞开式雾化喷嘴可以有效避免水雾化金属粉末过程中气囊的形成,可从根本上解决以往生产中经常出现的堵嘴问题。而对单个敞开式喷嘴而言,提高雾化夹角,增加孔数,以及提高雾化压力,均可以显著提高细粉率。     

Fluid flow and heat transfer with nail dipping method in mould during continuous casting process

ABSTRACT

The character and cause of sliver defect on IF steel sheet surface are studied by means of SEM, unstable flow in mould could induce surface velocity and level fluctuations, leading to surface defects during continuous casting of steel. The nozzle clogging is a serious problem during the continuous casting of steel, due to its influence on the casting operations and products quality. In this study, the nail dipping method for measuring surface velocity and flow direction in molten steel were employed. The fluid flow in mould of whole casting sequence was investigated, especially during the nozzle clogging conditions. The results showed that when nozzle clogging occurred in the 7th heat, the flow velocities on R and L side of nozzle were 0.280 and 0.402?m/s, respectively. The surface defect ratio of hot-rolled and cold-rolled plates increases with the increase of heat flux deviation on both sides of the mould copper. The different clogging per cent on both sides of the nozzle will lead to asymmetry flow, the surface velocity is higher with the small clogging per cent side compared to that of relatively large per cent clogging side.