铜冶炼烟气脱硫技术应用现状

本文就铜冶炼烟气脱硫工艺方案选择,从原理、工艺流程、脱硫效率、工艺成熟程度、副产物综合利用、投资费用、运行成本等方面,综合比较石灰石-石膏法、双碱法、钠碱法、氨法、双氧水法、有机胺法、柠檬酸钠法等湿法脱硫技术,喷雾干燥法和循环硫化床法等半干法脱硫技术,以及活性焦脱硫法等干法脱硫技术,认为湿法脱硫仍是铜冶炼行业应用最广泛可靠的技术,其中以双氧水法、有机胺法等技术发展前景良好。     

NdFeB永磁材料制粉技术的研究进展

综述了近年来钕铁硼永磁材料制粉技术的研究进展,对其中的物理法、快速凝固法、气体雾化法和HD法进行了详细的介绍。随着制粉技术的改进,粉末粒度、缺陷和磁性能均有不同程度的改善。制粉技术将沿着多种技术联合使用的趋势发展。     

烧结烟气脱硫的发展

为了响应国家"十一五"规划中"节能减排"的要求,研究了目前国内钢铁企业烧结烟气脱硫的现状,分析企业自身情况和综合国内各烧结烟气脱硫技术特点后,得出适合未来烧结烟气脱硫发展方向的五种脱硫技术,分别是:氨法、有机胺法、离子液法、氧化镁法及活性炭法等烟气脱硫技术;最后简单介绍这五种烧结烟气脱硫技术的工艺流程、化学原理与技术特点。     

钢渣处理技术进展

介绍了钢渣处理技术进展,分析了钢渣热闷法、风碎粒化法、短流程BSS法等方法的技术特点及适用范围。     

湿法提金技术发展历程及应用现状

湿法提金技术由于具有工艺成熟、适应性强、相对于火法能耗低等优点,被广泛应用于黄金生产中.介绍了氰化法、硫脲法、氯化法、硫代硫酸盐法、多硫化物法及石硫合剂法等湿法提金技术的原理,分析了其优缺点,总结了湿法提金技术的发展历程及应用现状,展望了湿法提金技术的发展前景.     

烧结烟气脱硫技术的研究与发展

从中国烧结烟气SO2排放的严峻形势出发,论述了烧结烟气的特点及SO2的控制方法,介绍了石灰 石膏法、氨 硫酸铵法、密相塔法、循环流化床法、MEROS法和活性炭法等几种典型烧结烟气脱硫技术的工艺原理,分析了中国烧结烟气脱硫技术的发展,通过研究提出了选择性脱硫方法与实施方案,并论述了烧结烟气脱硫技术的选定原则与发展方向。     

城市污水处理中各除臭工艺的特征与选择

近年来,除臭技术发展迅速,已由最初的化学药液清洗法、活性炭吸附法、臭氧氧化法、燃烧法,发展到生物除臭法以及离子除臭法等.本文分析了目前国内外除臭技术的研究和发展情况,指出离子法是未来城市污水处理中各除臭工艺的优先选择.     

薄板坯连铸连轧技术

介绍了薄板坯连铸连轧技术的工艺实质、工艺特点及关键技术，综述了CSP法、ISP法、FTSRQ法、CONROLL法、TSP法等6种主要的薄板坯连铸连轧技术，并介绍了国内、国外薄板坯连铸连轧技术的应用情况，指出我国应大力发展薄板坯连铸连轧技术，使我国钢铁工业更加强盛。     

典型燃煤烟气碳捕集技术综述

介绍了燃煤烟气碳捕集技术的研究现状,并对以分离CO₂为目标的膜分离法等物理吸收方法、以碱性溶液吸收CO₂的化学反应法、以改性海藻焦吸收CO₂的生物吸收法等多种碳捕集方法进行系统性的评述。对比各技术特点,提出了物理法、化学法、生物法碳捕集技术的发展方向,为碳捕集技术的应用研究提供借鉴。     

低浓度含铀废水处理技术研究进展

铀矿开采和加工产生了大量不同类型的低浓度含铀废水,严重威胁矿区生态环境和居民身心健康。简述了低浓度含铀废水特点,总结了国内外各种处理工艺研究现状及优缺点,包括化学沉淀法、吸附法、膜过滤法、离子交换法、蒸发浓缩法、萃取法、可渗透反应墙技术、微生物修复技术、植物修复技术、光催化还原技术及联合处理技术,并认为多学科(化学、生物、物理、材料等)交叉是突破低浓度含铀废水处理关键技术的新途径。     

Sensitivity Analyses and Sensitivity Coefficients of Standardized Daily ASCE-Penman-Monteith Equation

The sensitivity of the standardized ASCE grass-reference Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration (ASCE-PM ETo) equation to climate variables in different regions has not yet been studied. Sensitivity analyses for the standardized daily form of the ASCE-PM equation were conducted on wind speed at 2?m height (U2), maximum and minimum air temperatures (Tmax and Tmin), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and solar radiation (Rs) in the following regions of the United States: semiarid (Scottsbluff, Nebraska, and Bushland, Texas), a Mediterranean-type climate (Santa Barbara, California), coastal humid (Fort Pierce, Florida), inland humid and semihumid (Rockport, Missouri, and Clay Center, Nebraska), and an island (Twitchell Island, California). The sensitivity coefficients were derived for each variable on a daily basis. In general, ETo was most sensitive to VPD at all locations, while sensitivity of ETo to the same variable showed significant variation from one location to another and at the same location within the year. After VPD, ETo was most sensitive to U2 in semiarid regions (Scottsbluff, Clay Center, and Bushland) during the summer months. The Rs was the dominant driving force of ETo at humid locations (Fort Pierce and Rockport) during the summer months. At Santa Barbara, the sensitivity of ETo to U2 was minimal during the summer months. At Bushland, Scottsbluff, and Twitchell Island, ETo was more sensitive to Tmax than Rs in summer months, whereas it was equally sensitive to Tmax and Rs at Clay Center. The ETo was not sensitive to Tmin at any of the locations. The change in ETo was linearly related to change in climate variables (with r2 ≥ 0.96 in most cases), with the exception of Tmin, at all sites. Increase in ETo with respect to increase in climate variable changed considerably by month. On an annual average, a 1°C increase in Tmax resulted in 0.11, 0.06, 0.16, 0.07, 0.11, 0.08, and 0.10?mm increases in ETo at Scottsbluff, Santa Barbara, Bushland, Fort Pierce, Twitchell Island, Rockport, and Clay Center. A 1?m?s?1 increase in U2 resulted in 0.42, 0.18, 0.37, 0.28, 0.31, 0.20, and 0.26?mm increases in ETo at the same locations. A unit increase in Tmax resulted in the largest increase in ETo at Bushland, and a unit increase in Rs caused the largest increases in ETo at Fort Pierce. A 1?MJ?m?2?d?1 increase in Rs resulted in 0.05, 0.08, 0.06, 0.11, 0.05, 0.06, and 0.06?mm increases in ETo at the same locations. A 0.4?kPa increase in VPD resulted in 1.13, 0.54, 1.29, 0.57, 1.04, 1.10, and 1.22?mm increases in ETo at the same locations. The U2 had the most effect on ETo at Scottsbluff and Bushland, the two locations where dry and strong winds are common during the growing season. The sensitivity coefficient for Rs was higher during the summer months and lower during the winter months, and the opposite was observed for VPD (except for Twitchell Island). The decrease of the sensitivity coefficients for Rs corresponding to an increase in the sensitivity coefficient for VPD is due to a decrease in the energy term in favor of the increase in significance of the aerodynamic term of the standardized ASCE-PM equation in summer versus winter months. Because the ASCE-PM and the Food and Agriculture Organization paper number 56 Penman-Monteith (FAO56-PM) equations are identical when applied on a daily time step, the results of the sensitivity analyses and sensitivity coefficients of this study should be directly applicable to the FAO56-PM equation.     

Indirect Radiative and Climatic Effects of Sulfate and Organic Carbon Aerosols over East Asia Investigated by RIEMS

The indirect radiative and climatic effects of sulfate and organic carbon aerosols over East Asia were investigated using a Regional Integrated Environment Model System (RIEMS) with an empirical aerosol-cloud parameterization. The first indirect radiative forcing was negative and ranged from -9-0 W m-2 in the domain. The maximum cooling, up to -9 W m-E, occurred in the Chongqing District in winter, whereas the cooling areas were larger during summer than in winter. Organic carbon (OC) aerosols were more abundant in winter than in summer, whereas the sulfate concentration during summer was much higher than during winter. The concentrations of sulfate and OC were comparable in winter, and sulfate played a dominant role in determining indirect radiative forcing in summer, whereas in winter, both sulfate and OC were important. The regional mean indirect radiative forcings were -0.73 W m-2 and -0.41 W m-2 in summer and winter, respectively. The surface cooling caused by indirect effects was more obvious in winter than that in summer. The ground temperature decreased by ～1.2 K in most areas of eastern China in winter, whereas in summer,the temperature decreased (～ -1.5 K) in some regions,such as the Yangtze River region, but increased (～0.9 K)in the areas between the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. In winter, the precipitation decreased by 0-6 mm in most areas of eastern China, but in summer, alternating bands of increasing (up to 80 mm) and decreasing (～ -80 mm)precipitation appeared in eastern China.     

山东栖霞区域地质特征及找矿标志和方向

栖霞境内地层出露不全,有晚太古界胶东群、下元古界的荆山群和粉子山群及上元古界的蓬莱群;古生界地层缺失,中生界有莱阳群、青山群、王氏群;新生界有上第三系和第四系。区内还广泛分布着变质变形深成岩体、地质构造（包括断裂构造、韧性剪切构造）,岩浆活动剧烈。各种非金属、贵金属及有色金属受不同时代地层、岩浆活动及不同期次的构造严格控制。了解地层、岩浆岩、构造的控矿性、成矿地质条件及找矿标志,对指导找矿工作具有重要意义。     

铼的分离提取研究进展

铼是一种稀散金属,在石油的催化裂化等方面有重要应用。铼在自然界中主要附生于辉钼矿和铜铼矿中,在冶炼过程中常随着废液流失。本文综述了近年来离子交换法、溶剂萃取法以及萃淋树脂法分离提取铼的研究进展,对不同分离方法的特点进行了分析,指出萃淋树脂法将离子交换和溶剂萃取两种技术结合起来,具有高选择性、环境友好等优点,可作为取代传统方法的新工艺。     

某铀矿区水稻土—地表水铀含量对稻米铀含量的影响

以水稻土—地表水铀含量为视角,从水稻土剖面铀含量分布规律、水稻土与下伏岩体稀土元素特征、不同河流不同河段水稻土—地表水—稻米铀含量特征、水稻土与稻米铀含量关系4个方面研究721铀矿区稻米铀含量成因。结果表明,水稻土剖面铀含量从表层至半风化花岗质基岩层呈明显降低的特征,说明水稻土铀含量高的原因不是土壤母质铀含量高;岩石与水稻土稀土元素标准化模式均表现为向右倾斜型,均属轻稀土富集型,轻稀土分馏明显,表明水稻土为还原环境,吸附作用较强;不同河流不同河段水稻土—地表水—稻米铀含量平均值的特性均为上游最低、中游最高、下游次之。铀矿区地表水环境符合铀元素在水稻土中被平衡吸附的动力学条件,有利于铀元素在矿区内河流中游地区的水稻土中沉淀富集;正在采矿区水稻土与稻米铀含量具有高度的空间耦合性,呈指数正相关关系,相关系数0.749。矿区内河流沿岸稻米铀含量的分布特征是由铀元素的迁移途径决定的"采矿活动(铀尾矿露天堆放)→地表水→水稻土"。     

Developing and Teaching a Course in “Applied Sustainability and Public Health in Civil Engineering Design” at Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada

This paper presents the writer’s pedagogical development and delivery of a new undergraduate course in applied sustainability and public health in civil engineering design in the Department of Civil Engineering at Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada. This innovative course introduces undergraduate civil engineering students to methods in sustainability indicators, life-cycle analysis, environmental input-output analysis, and risk analysis to evaluate the environmental impacts and public health impacts of civil engineering design. The paper discusses the learning objectives and course themes of preventive design, multicriteria decision making, and systems-level analysis. The course syllabus and the design project in which students were asked to design a water transmission pipeline and evaluate its environmental impacts are discussed in detail. An overview of the pedagogical methods and student evaluation tools employed in the course is given. An evaluation of learning outcomes and student impressions of the course suggest that topics on design for environment, sustainable development in an international context, and the interface between sustainability, engineering, and policy development should be included in future editions of the course.     

Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: A meta-analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature.

The authors developed and meta-analytically examined hypotheses designed to test and extend work design theory by integrating motivational, social, and work context characteristics. Results from a summary of 259 studies and 219,625 participants showed that 14 work characteristics explained, on average, 43% of the variance in the 19 worker attitudes and behaviors examined. For example, motivational characteristics explained 25% of the variance in subjective performance, 2% in turnover perceptions, 34% in job satisfaction, 24% in organizational commitment, and 26% in role perception outcomes. Beyond motivational characteristics, social characteristics explained incremental variances of 9% of the variance in subjective performance, 24% in turnover intentions, 17% in job satisfaction, 40% in organizational commitment, and 18% in role perception outcomes. Finally, beyond both motivational and social characteristics, work context characteristics explained incremental variances of 4% in job satisfaction and 16% in stress. The results of this study suggest numerous opportunities for the continued development of work design theory and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Revisiting field experimentation: Field notes for the future.

Field experiments in the social sciences were increasingly used in the 20th century. This article briefly reviews some important lessons in design, analysis, and theory of field experiments emerging from that experience. Topics include the importance of ensuring that selection into experiments and assignment to conditions occurs properly, how to prevent and analyze attrition, the need to attend to power and effect size, how to measure and take partial treatment implementation into account in analyses, modern analyses of quasi-experimental and multilevel data, Rubin's model, and the role of internal and external validity. The article ends with observations on the computer revolution in methodology and statistics, convergences in theory and methods across disciplines, the need for an empirical program of methodological research, the key problem of selection bias, and the inevitability of increased specialization in field experimentation in the years to come. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

金属钆中钨的演化迁移行为与调控

以氟化钆为原料,金属钙为还原剂,在真空感应炉内,用钙热还原和XRD法研究了金属钆中钨的来源、形态、分布、演化迁移行为和调控方法。结果表明,金属钆中钨主要来源于坩埚,以熔解态钨和夹杂物Gd_2(WO_4)_3两种形态存在。钨在金属钆铸锭的下表面中心区域位置发生偏聚,含量最高,上表面二分之一半径处含量最低。演化迁移行为主要有两条途径,单质钨经脱落、熔解、熔体中迁移再分配、铸模内向中心和底部迁移;单质钨被氧化为氧化钨后,进入熔体与钆结合为Gd_2(WO_4)_3、铸模内向中心和底部迁移。从钨坩埚致密性、熔炼氛围、炉内残余氧量、原辅料纯度和升降温制度等方面调控后,可获得平均钨含量为0.008%的金属钆。     

Sex differences in analgesic, reinforcing, discriminative, and motoric effects of opioids.

This review summarizes evidence for sex differences in behavioral effects of opioids, primarily in rats. Whereas mu agonists have been found to be more potent and in some cases more efficacious in producing analgesia and sedation in males than females, females are more sensitive than males to reinforcing and locomotor stimulant effects of opioids. Sex differences in motoric effects of opioids may contribute to sex differences in other behavioral effects of opioids; for example, sex differences in rats' ability to discriminate morphine from saline can be attributed entirely to greater morphine-induced sedation in males. Chronic estradiol blunts females' sensitivity to morphine's analgesic and sedative effects, but enhances females' sensitivity to the reinforcing and locomotor stimulant effects of mu opioids. The neurobiological basis for sex differences in and estradiol modulation of behavioral effects of opioids includes brain opioid receptor density (greater in males and under low-estradiol conditions in females) and dopaminergic function (greater in females and under high-estradiol conditions). Given the significant and growing use of opioids by women, both medicinally and recreationally, understanding how female biology influences analgesic and other effects of opioids is crucial. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)