“牛”人“微”语

真正的领导(1)不一定自己能力有多强,要懂信任,懂放权,懂珍惜,能团结比自己强的力量,从而提升自己的身价。(2)许多能力强的人因为过于完美主义,事必躬亲,认为什么人都不如自己,最后只能做最好的员工,成不了优秀的领导。(3)领导做四件事:建平台,定机制,用好人,分好利。     

老挝矿业

老挝位于东南亚地区,北临柬埔寨,南靠中国,西面是越南,东南部是缅甸,东北部是泰国,是一个国土面积仅有237,000平方公里的小国。2005年,人口总数为6,200,000。老挝是亚太地区最贫穷的国家之一,已知的矿产资源有铝土矿,黏土,煤,铜,白云石,黄金,石墨,石膏,石灰岩,石盐,蓝宝石,银,锡,及锌等。老挝2005年的国内生产总值增长率为7.3%,2004年增长率为6.3%。老挝具有得天独厚的地质环境优势,潜在的矿产有:锑,石棉,铋,钴,铁矿,瓷土,铅,褐煤,镁,钼,钾碱,硅沙,及钨等。另外,该国很可能储藏有煤,铜,黄金,铁矿,钾碱,岩盐,及锡等。据老挝工业及手工业部(M…     

减轻钒铁生产中炉底烧结的试验研究

铝热法冶炼钒铁过程中,炉底被烧结,产生含钒烧结渣.烧结渣中含有大量的钒,从而造成钒的损失,降低了钒的回收率,增加了生产成本.本试验通过对炉底打结材料和冶炼布料方式的优化,大大改善了炉底烧结状况,减少了含钒烧结渣的产出量,同时烧结渣中钒的含量也大幅度降低,从而减少了钒的流失,钒的回收率提高0.5%以上.     

钢琴教学中的节奏训练

万物之出先有节奏,节奏是音乐的生命,广义的节奏意味着时间的匀称划分,它包括,和声的节奏,音乐的脉动,节拍,乐句,语气,结构的安排,速度,乐段乐章等要素。在整个音乐表现中,节奏的特点是音乐风格的基本要素,也是辨别各不同时期、不同地区音乐风格的重要标志。因此,在学习音乐的过程中,节奏的训练是十分重要的。本文试图从钢琴学习的角度对节奏的训练作一些探讨和论述。     

振兴有色 任重道远

2008年9月15日,雷曼兄弟的倒台,揭开金融危机的面纱。危机中,中国有色金属行业苦苦奋斗,为行业而战,为企业的生存和发展而战。回望这一年,不同的金属品种走出各自的"人生轨迹"。在此一周年之际,以寥寥数语"祭奠"它们各自的喜悲。不管基本面好也罢,令人叹息也罢,都已经过去了。"数风流金属,还看今朝"。     

加强成本管理提高企业竞争能力

成本管理是企业管理的重要组成部分,对企业的经济效益有直接的影响,在市场经济条件下,要树立成本管理新观念,采用现代化成本管理手段,对企业成本进行全员、全过程、全方位的管理,进而提高企业整体经济效益,增强企业参与市场竞争的能力.     

湘钢实施供应链采购管理的实践与探索

所谓供应链,是指围绕核心企业,通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制,从采购原材料开始,制成产品,最后经销售网络把产品送到消费者手中,将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商,直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能链结构模式。它跨越了企业的围墙,建立的是一种跨企业的协作,以追求和分享市     

国企人力资源市场化配置的尴尬与应对

人力资源的市场化配置是市场经济的基本要件。作为市场经济的主体,企业使用人力资源也应与使用其他要素资源一样,根据生产经营的需求,自由、公开、均衡的从市场配置,但是,现实运行却并非如此,在国有企业,尤其是由计划经济体制转制的老国企,市场原则基本失灵。在这些经济体内,市场的规则、产权的因素,政策的制约,文化的诱导,观念的影响,多种原因纠     

有色金属冶炼污酸处理技术现状及发展趋势

通过对有关的资料进行分析,我们可以知道,最近几年来,我国的金属产业发展十分迅猛,有色金属是金属行业的重要组成部分,因此,对有色金属进行合理的处理非常的重要。污酸是一种特殊的物质,对环境有一定程度的影响,因此,对污酸进行处理非常的重要。采用合理的技术对有色金属进行冶炼非常的重要,本篇文章以污酸处理技术作为文章的切入点,就有色金属的冶炼进行研究,希望可以引起人们的关注,解决有关人员的问题。     

ICP-AES法测定银锭中铋铁铅铜锑

研究了ICP -AES测定银锭中Bi,Fe ,Pb ,Cu和Sb的分析方法 ,考察了基体及无机酸浓度对被测元素分析线强度的影响 ,选择了仪器最佳分析条件。试验结果表明 ,在选定的最佳条件下测定 ,Bi,Fe ,Pb ,Cu和Sb的检出限分别为 0.0 0 0 6,0.0 0 0 3 ,0 .0 0 0 9,0 .0 0 15和0 .0 0 0 2 μg/mL ,相对标准偏差分别为 6.5 2 % ,5.92 % ,7.0 1% ,3.17%和 6.90 %。该法简便、快速、灵敏度高 ,检出限、精密度及准确     

African neurosurgery part II: current state and future prospects

A survey conducted among African neurosurgeons shows that there are now 500 neurosurgeons in Africa; that is, one neurosurgeon for 1,350,000 inhabitants, and 70,000 km2. The distribution of these neurosurgeons shows a striking regional disparity: North Africa has 354 neurosurgeons for 119 million inhabitants; that is, one neurosurgeon for 338,000 inhabitants; and South Africa has 65 neurosurgeons for 40 million inhabitants; that is, one neurosurgeon for 620,000 inhabitants. Between these two areas where neurosurgery is developing quite well, we have the majority of African countries with a scant density of neurosurgeons (81 neurosurgeons for 515 million inhabitants; that is, one neurosurgeon for 6,368,000 inhabitants). The Panafrican Association of Neurological Sciences (PAANS) brings together African neurosurgeons. This continental African association represents African neurosurgeons in the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS). In addition to this continental association, there are national societies of neurosciences. However, there are only six societies of neurosurgery. Two systems of training exist in Africa: (1) local training, and (2) training abroad. These two systems have unequal quality and specific difficulties that are pointed out. Among the optimistic elements that make us believe in the development of neurosurgery in Africa, are the existence of a quite good level of neurosurgery at the two extremities of the continent (North Africa and South Africa), the development of neurosciences in African universities, and the increasing interest that the international community bears to Africa in the last years. However, the real factor of optimism is the African neurosurgeons who should promote neurosurgery in their continent, at the level of their own countries by developing information and health education, setting their specialty in the education syllabus and health planning, and settling into active and performing societies. At the continental and international level, African neurosurgeons should institutionalize inter-African cooperation, expedite their continental association (PAANS), and further exchanges with the other continents through the WFNS. The latter, together with other associations such as the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) could provide help to the development of neurosurgery in Africa as far as training, exchanges, research, and organization are concerned.     

Inter-Regional Comparisons on the Quaternary Large Mammalian Faunas between China and Sub-Saharan Africa

The current and dominant theory about the origin of modern humans is the out-of-Africa hypothesis, which asserts that populations of Homo sapiens left Africa 100,000 years ago and replaced indigenous populations of humans in Eurasia. Many scholars equated the out-of-Africa dispersal of humans with paleoenvironmental changes. However, until now, few have paid special attention to the faunal data and whether or not faunal patterns are supportive of the popular theory. Recent comparative study of the Chinese fauna shows that the communication of faunas between Africa and East Asia could have occurred during the Neogene, but it was very limited during the Pleistocene. In the Chinese Quaternary fauna, only 16% of the genera are also present in the sub-Saharan African fauna. There is also no element among the dominant taxa of the Chinese Quaternary fauna which can be related to the African fauna. There is no reliable proof for the existence of Hippopotamus and Giraffa, as well as Panthera leo, during the Quaternary in China. Two controversial taxa are Acinonyx and Crocuta, about which there is still argument concerning their species identification in Eurasia. It is possible that both of the genera have co-specific taxa in Africa and Eurasia. Although the two genera are confined to Africa today, they did have a long evolutionary history in China. For the Out of Africa hypothesis for Homo sapiens, the implications of the limited faunal interchanges between China and Africa are not completely clear yet.     

Spinal cord injuries--epidemiology in Portugal''s central region

Remarkable changes are taking place in the new South Africa. Planned changes in the health care arena present the new, relatively small discipline* of family practice with great opportunity for development and growth. With established generalist roots and recent formal recognition in South Africa, family practice should be well suited for a lead role in the government's efforts to extend health care access to those denied it under apartheid. Whether family practice moves into that role will depend on whether as a discipline it can project a vision of how it can meet the country's health care needs. Close examination of family practice in South Africa shows how the field reflects many of the societal problems of the past and the challenges of the future. With a clear vision of its role in the new South Africa, family practice could overcome these challenges, as well as answer a broader question about the place of family practice outside of the first world setting.     

Disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa: what should we conclude in the absence of data?

In a large data-synthesis project, the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study has provided summaries of fatal and nonfatal diseases worldwide. However, the GBD investigators' estimates for sub-Saharan Africa do not help to define the burden of disease for the region and provide no real contrast with developed countries. It is even doubtful that the study results could serve as the basis for public health policy. Throughout sub-Saharan Africa, except in South Africa, births and deaths are not necessarily recorded and a formal system of medical care is unavailable to most of the population. Even population denominators cannot be specified and basic health indices such as death rates or causes of death are not known. The statistics which appear in national ministries and international agencies are merely guesstimates formed from models, extrapolations, and common sense, constrained largely by the need to avoid deviating too far from previous estimates. In the absence of vital records, local community studies are often used to obtain information about population dynamics, but it is more difficult to assess the status of adult health. The GBD study is being heralded as the reference standard. However, if the GBD data are wrong, the consequences will likely by most damaging to the populations which were underrepresented in the fact-gathering process. The GBD projections from sub-Saharan Africa should not be used until data are available which correspond with modelled estimates.     

Sensation seeking, alcohol use, and sexual behaviors among sexually transmitted infection clinic patients in Cape Town, South Africa.

Alcohol use is associated with risks for HIV/AIDS. The association between alcohol and sexual risk may be accounted for by sensation seeking personality. However, sensation seeking in relation to substance use and HIV risk has not been examined in Africa. In this study, 292 men and 219 women receiving sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnostic and treatment services in Cape Town, South Africa, completed anonymous behavioral surveys. Structural modeling was used to test a model of alcohol use and sensation seeking in relation to sexual risk behaviors. Results showed that sensation seeking and alcohol use in sexual contexts were related to HIV risks, controlling for gender and marital status. The association between sensation seeking and HIV risk was partly accounted for by alcohol use in proximity to sex. In contrast to studies conducted in the United States, sensation seeking was not related to alcohol-sex outcome expectancies. These findings suggest that alcohol use is an important HIV transmission risk factor for many STI clinic patients and that interventions for individuals who are characterized as sensation seekers are urgently needed in South Africa. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

南非矿粉及澳矿粉烧结矿物理及冶金性能的研究

介绍了邯钢配入南非矿粉和澳矿粉的烧结试验，确定了配加１０％南非矿粉生产的烧结矿各种性能较好。     

Geographical distribution of HBs Ag in Africa

The incidence of HBs Ag carrier is high in Africa. The HBs Ag subtypes vary in 5 mean areas of the Africa continent. The subtype ayw4(a3) is the most characteristic African subtype, being found with a striking frequency in West Africa (88.8%). In North Africa ayw2(a21) is predominant as in other mediterranean countries. In Saharan area mixed types of HBs Ag are found, intermediary between North and West Africa. In Central Africa y is predominantly associated with w2(a21) or with w4(a3). In east and South Africa ad is largely predominant and the most widespread subtype is adw2(a21). No adr, nor adw4 were found in Africa.     

进口矿粉在韶钢的使用

本文介绍了韶钢配加澳矿和南非矿烧结生产的情况，结果表明，澳矿和南非矿均为良好的烧结原料，澳矿和南非矿的最佳配比都是１５％，南非矿更适合于韶钢烧结。     

The early history of tuberculosis in central East Africa: insights from the clinical records of the first twenty years of Mengo Hospital and review of relevant literature

SETTING: Mengo Hospital, in present day Kampala, Uganda, 100 years ago. OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of tuberculosis in the Bagandan population of central East Africa and elsewhere in Africa at the time of early explorations by Europeans. DESIGN: The case records kept by Albert Cook for two decades beginning in 1897, 35 years after the first visit of Speke to this region, were reviewed for evidence of tuberculosis among Bagandans. Writings of other contemporary medical observers were reviewed for evidence of tuberculosis in pre- and early-colonial Africa. RESULTS: Well documented cases of tuberculosis were observed by Cook beginning in 1897. A minimum total of 93 cases of tuberculosis were included in 26 806 admissions to Mengo Hospital from 1897 through 1916. No secular trend in the prevalence of tuberculosis among patients admitted was apparent. A review of the prior literature concerning tuberculosis in precolonial Africa suggests that tuberculosis may have been present in several regions prior to European exploration, but was probably absent elsewhere. CONCLUSIONS: The concept of all of Africa and all of the people of Africa as virgin soil for tuberculosis is rooted in an archaic Eurocentric view of Africa, and cannot be supported today by available data.     

Meningococcal disease in Africa

Neisseria meningitidis (the meningococcus) is responsible for endemic and meningococcal disease in Africa. Meningococci are placed into 12 serogroups based on their capsular polysaccharide antigens. Group-B meningococci are responsible for sporadic endemic disease. In the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa, the large spreading epidemics which occur every 5-10 years are usually caused by group-A meningococci, with attack rates of 400-500/100,000 population. In the last epidemic, infection spread from the original meningitis belt to Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Zambia and Tanzania. Most cases of meningococcal disease are of meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia is a rare presentation except in South Africa. It is important to exclude meningococcal septicaemia since this carries the highest mortality (up to 75%). Treatment involves intravenous chloramphenicol (or intramuscular, oily chloramphenicol), a drug which is preferable to penicillin because penicillin-resistant meningococci have already emerged in Africa. Dexamethasone treatment of meningococcal meningitis is unproven and may even be deleterious in developing countries. Prevention of epidemic meningococcal disease could be achieved by mass vaccination with protein-conjugate, group-A and -C polysaccharides, but these new vaccines are likely to be expensive.