高血压患者入院后的行为干预效果观察

我国高血压病人群的发病率较高,危害严重,是冠心病、脑卒中的危险因素,尤其会引发中风导致瘫痪或死亡(1).但高血压病患者对引起原发性高血压病的危险因素(如吸烟、过量饮酒、不良的生活习惯、体质指数等等)往往认识不足,因此,对于高血压病二级预防非常重要.     

前列腺增生危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 研究前列腺增生(BPH)的各种危险因素及其危害程度.方法 以132例病理确诊的前列腺增生患者为病例组,以年龄匹配的132例无前列腺增生患者为对照组进行1:1配对病例对照研究.采集人口学因素、高血压史、糖尿病史、实验检测等临床资料.资料分析采用单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归分析.结果 (1)单因素分析显示:在吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病史、高血压史、慢性支气管炎史、肾囊肿史和慢性前列腺炎史差异统计学意义(P<0.05).(2)多因素分析显示:吸烟(OR=0.530)、糖尿病史(OR=2.227)、高血压史(OR=1.862)、慢性前列腺炎(OR=2.414)是BPH的独立危险因素(P<0.05).结论 前列腺炎史、高血压史、糖尿病史是BPH发病的危险因素,吸烟为保护性因素.良好的血压和血糖控制是预防BPH的重要方法.     

中国东北地区成人非传染性慢性疾病的流行病学调查及影响因素分析

目的:了解中国东北吉林省德惠市城乡居民高血压、糖尿病(DM)、血脂紊乱、酒精性肝病(ALD)、非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)、代谢综合征(MS)及肥胖(Obesity)等9种非传染性慢性疾病的流行病学现状,并对这些慢性病危险因素进行分析.方法:采用分层抽样方法,对德惠市11个居委会和9个村共6 043人进行问卷调查和体格检查.采用多因素Logistic回归分析对各疾病的相关危险因素进行分析.结果:东北地区德惠城乡居民的高血压、DM、血脂紊乱、ALD、NAFLD、MS、超重和中心型肥胖的患病率分别为28.67%、4.82%、51.00%、3.74%、15.5%、21.54%、58.22%和36.67%;不同疾病患病率性别间比较有差异,高血压患病率男性多于女性(P<0.001),中心性肥胖、血脂紊乱、MS和NAFLD患病率女性大于男性(P<0.05).高龄(OR=1.04,95%CI为1.03～1.05)、脂肪肝(OR=19.42,95%CI为11.62～32.4)、高血糖(OR=1.15,95%CI为1.06～1.26)、高胆固醇血症(OR=1.38,95%CI为1.19～1.59)、高甘油三酯血症(OR=1.32,95%CI为1.1～1.49)和高体重指数(OR=1.42,95%CI为1.3～1.47)是非传染性慢性病的主要危险因素.结论:中国东北部地区德惠市部分非传染性慢性病的发病率较高,且随着年龄的增长患病率逐渐增高;慢性病的发病和进展与本地区的生活、饮食习惯、经济水平、教育程度、地区差异有明显相关性.     

社区老年高血压患者危险因素的调查及干预

目的:探讨社区老年高血压患者危险因素状况及干预情况.方法:调查社区400名老年人,患高血压病148例(37.0%),统计合并高脂血症、肥胖、吸烟、糖尿病、缺乏体力活动、早发心血管病家族史以及冠心病、卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作的比例.结果:老年高血压患者合并其他心血管危险因素的比例较高,尤以高盐饮食(55.4%)和高脂血症(54.1%)最明显,且普遍存在多重危险因素.结论:社区老年高血压患者多存在多重危险因素和较高比例的心脑血管并发症如高脂血症尤为突出,是社区防治的重点目标.     

原型范畴理论的缺陷——基于现象学的考察

本文用现象学的研究方法探讨原型理论在如下几个方面的缺陷:(1)在语义研究中,原型成员不能涵盖全部语义,原型效应有时在反义词中得不到体现;(2)在某些范畴内,中心成员难以确定;(3)家族相似性有程度大小的差异,其界定天然地受到模糊性的限制,同时还受主现因素的影响;(4)原型理论尚未明确指出范畴化中原型效应的形成机制,本文分析指出其可能是复现率、发生率以及长时记忆等多种因素共同作用所致.     

转炉煤气储存系统的火灾爆炸危险性评价

在对某厂5万m3转炉煤气储存系统所存在的主要危险因素分析基础上,运用美国道化学公司的火灾爆炸危险指数评价方法（第七版）,对其火灾爆炸危险性进行了定量计算和评价.评价结果表明,该储存系统的火灾爆炸指数为97,即危险等级为中等.为降低该储存系统的火灾爆炸危险性,提出了切实可行的安全措施进行补偿.补偿的结果表明,其火灾爆炸危险性大大降低.     

精神障碍住院患者的流行病学特征及相关危险因素分析

目的:探讨精神障碍住院患者病种构成及精神分裂症、心境障碍和癔症3种主要精神疾病的流行病学特征,并分析其相关危险因素.方法:采用自行设计的调查问卷,以中国精神障碍分类诊断标准第2版修订本为标准,对2008-2010年烟台地区住院精神障碍患者的2 453份病历进行统计分析.结果:住院患者女性多于男性,男女比为0.74∶1,住院患者平均年龄(38.74±15.45)岁,平均发病年龄(35.98±16.08)岁,女性发病年龄高于男性(P＜0.001).病种构成中居于前3位的依次是精神分裂症(45.1%)、心境障碍(26.3%)和癔症(7.8%).三者比较,精神分裂症的发病年龄最早(P＜0.001).与精神分裂症比较,癔症患者文化程度较低、多无吸烟及饮酒史,而常具有疾病既往史和因诱因起病(P＜0.05);与精神分裂症比较,心境障碍患者以城市人群居多,由诱因引起,且有疾病既往史和饮酒史(P＜0.05).结论:不同种类精神疾病患者具有不同的发病特征,应采取有针对性的预防和治疗措施来降低和减缓疾病的发生及发展.     

南阳市老年人高血脂相关危险因素的Logistics回归分析

目的:探讨老年人群高血脂发生的相关影响因素.方法:以2009年3月至2010年3月期间在我院进行体检的本市老年干部769例作为研究对象,回顾性收集与高血脂发生相关的可能影响因素;用SPSS13.0统计软件进行多因素Logistics回归分析.结果:可引起血脂增高的影响因素有:年龄(OR=1.4731)、肥胖(OR=2.1882)、高血压(OR=1.5471)、吸烟史(OR=1.8973)及糖尿病史(OR=1.6296).结论:年龄、肥胖、高血压、吸烟及糖尿病等因素为老年人群高血脂发生的危险因素,故在老年人高血脂防治工作中,应着重注意加强对具有此因素的高危人群进行重点防控,通过健康教育来减少相关危险因素的发生.     

与冠心病合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征相关的影响因素分析

目的 探讨与冠心病合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征有关的影响因素.方法 选取冠心病患者共80例,其中冠心病合并OSAS组患者33例,冠心病组患者47例,均进行一般情况与各指标的观察和测量.结果 两组患者的体重指数、腰臀比、夜间胸痛、夜尿增多、晨起口干与嗜睡评分,和夜间出现ST压低大于0.05 mV,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 夜尿多、夜间胸痛、肥胖病人及夜间心电图有ST压低的冠心病患者,极易合并0SAS,应及时进行睡眠检测诊断.     

2型糖尿病合并高脂血症患者中医体质类型及与血脂指标的相关性研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病合并高脂血症患者的中医体质分布规律,研究中医体质与血脂指标的相关性.方法 选择100例2型糖尿病合并高脂血症患者,根据"中医体质分类与判定表"判定体质类型并观察分布情况;通过检测总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR),比较不同体质患者的血脂指标、BMI及WHR,观察BMI,HbAlc与血脂指标的相关性.结果 100例患者中平和质占14.0%,气虚质占22.0%,阳虚质占16.0%,阴虚质占24.0%,瘀血质占7.0%,痰湿质占10.0%,湿热质占5.0%,气郁质占2.0%,特禀质占0.0%.湿热质患者TC,LDL-C均值最高,且与平和质比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).痰湿质患者WHR较平和质患者升高(P＜0.05).超重组、肥胖组与正常组比较HDL-C,ApoAl均降低(P＜0.05).HbAlc良好组、差组与理想组比较TG升高(P＜0.05).结论 2型糖尿病合并高脂血症患者以阴虚质、气虚质为主,湿热质患者TC,LDL-C在各体质类型中最高.     

Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: Associations, explanations, and implications.

Many of the links of religiousness with health, well-being, and social behavior may be due to religion's influences on self-control or self-regulation. Using Carver and Scheier's (1998) theory of self-regulation as a framework for organizing the empirical research, the authors review evidence relevant to 6 propositions: (a) that religion can promote self-control; (b) that religion influences how goals are selected, pursued, and organized; (c) that religion facilitates self-monitoring; (d) that religion fosters the development of self-regulatory strength; (e) that religion prescribes and fosters proficiency in a suite of self-regulatory behaviors; and (f) that some of religion's influences on health, well-being, and social behavior may result from religion's influences on self-control and self-regulation. The authors conclude with suggestions for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Earnings, education, genetics, and environment

A major and well-recognized difficulty in estimating the effects of education on earnings is that the more educated are likely to be more able, irrespective of education. If ability also determines earnings and is not controlled, ordinary least squares will yield biased estimates of the education coefficient. In this study, we use data on identical twins to control for differences in ability that arise from genetic endowments and family environment. Not controlling for genetics and family environment may cause a large bias, up to two-thirds of the noncontrolled coefficient.     

Person, body, cadaver, and back

Because of the small size of their genome, viral genes have been forerunners in helping us understand gene expression. It is also because of their small size that viruses have elaborated the amazing variety of strategies that enables them to produce all the proteins they require for their multiplication. As a consequence, many of the strategies of expression known to occur in cell systems were first demonstrated in viruses. The aim of this review is to highlight the contribution of viruses to our knowledge of cell processes.     

Shyness and children's emotionality, regulation, and coping: contemporaneous, longitudinal, and across-context relations

The relations of teachers' and parents' reports of children's shyness (i.e., social inhibition) at ages 6-8, 8-10, and 10-12 years to dispositional regulation, emotionality, and coping were examined. Shyness was positively related to internalizing negative emotion, coping by doing nothing, and, for parent-rated shyness, behavioral inhibition/nonimpulsivity, attention focusing, and avoidant coping; it was negatively related to positive emotionality, instrumental coping, seeking support from teachers (at younger ages), and for teacher-rated shyness, attentional control. Often prediction held over several years and/or across reporters. Parent-reported internalizing negative emotion at age 4-6 predicted shyness at ages 6-8 and 8-10, but primarily for children low in attention shifting. Teacher-rated shyness was related to low social status; parent-rated shyness correlated with boys' adult-rated social status at age 4-6 and with style of social interaction, particularly for girls. The relation between parent- and teacher-reported shyness decreased with age. The overall pattern of findings was partially consistent with the conclusion that parent-rated shyness reflected primarily social wariness with unfamiliar people (i.e., temperamental shyness), whereas teacher-rated shyness tapped social inhibition due to social evaluative concerns.