稀土和Ca、Mg元素对高强度钢焊接热影响区组织和韧性的影响

研究了低合金高强度非调质中厚板钢中添加稀土(REM)和Ca、Mg微量元素对大线高能焊接热影响区(HAZ)显微组织微细化和晶内针状铁素体(IAF)形成的影响.结果表明,添加REM和Ca、Mg元素可在钢的HAZ中形成弥散稳定的氧硫化物(CeCa)2O2S和(CeMg)2O2,热轧奥氏体化(1450℃)和焊接热输入10 kJ/mm时都十分稳定,比传统采用TiN强化的钢具有更优良的低温韧性.有效地控制细小弥散的氧硫化合物,能获得适中的奥氏体有效晶粒尺寸和提供HAZ中形成晶内针状铁素体及稳定活性的形核位置.促进晶内铁素体协同形核生长,有效地使得HAZ组织微细化.     

铈对工程机械用700 MPa级高强钢焊接性能的影响

针对工业生产700 MPa级高强度调质态钢板,通过Gleeble3500热模拟机进行模拟焊接试验,利用光学显微镜、硬度仪、场发射扫描电镜等设备对比研究了稀土Ce对高强钢焊接热影响区（HAZ）显微组织、晶粒度和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,焊接热输入为25 kJ·cm?1和50 kJ·cm?1时,无稀土钢焊接热影响区冲击功分别为84.8 J和24.5 J,Ce质量分数为0.0018%的钢焊接热影响区冲击功分别为110.0 J和112.0 J,因此钢中加入适量Ce能够有效改善钢板焊接韧性。对比分析两种实验钢焊接热影响区晶粒尺寸和显微组织可以看出,随着焊接热输入值增大,高强钢焊接热影响区显微组织均逐渐从马氏体、下贝氏体转变为上贝氏体和粒状贝氏体组织,且奥氏体晶粒尺寸明显增大。但相同焊接热输入下,含Ce钢焊接热影响区晶粒尺寸显著减小,组织更加细小,且脆性的上贝氏体组织减少,从而显著提高了700 MPa级高强钢的焊接性能。      

大线能量焊接船板钢的研究现状与发展

大线能量焊接过程中,焊接HAZ高温停留时间延长,相变冷却速度减慢,HAZ奥氏体晶粒急剧长大。采用TiN、Ti-B等技术抑制HAZ奥氏体晶粒长大以提高大线能量焊接性能难以满足更高线能量的要求。氧化物冶金技术的提出对大线能量焊接用钢HAZ韧性的改善具有重要的意义。文章主要叙述了大线能量焊接HAZ韧性改善的方法以及发展方向,并重点对稀土Y应用于大线能量焊接HAZ韧性改善的可能性进行分析预测。     

含钛可焊接海洋结构用钢

1　前言本文研究了弥散于钢中细小的钛—氧化物颗粒对热影响区 ( HAZ)韧性的改善作用。在 HAZ内 ,奥氏体到铁素体的转变过程中 ,针状铁素体(晶内铁素体片 ,IFP)以 Ti-氧化物颗粒为核径向长大而且粗大的奥氏体晶粒得到有效细化。钛一氧钢中没有明显的局部脆化区 ,因为 Ti-氧化物颗粒即使在温度超过 1 40 0℃区域化学成分也能保持稳定。因此在整个热影响区包括在熔合线附近其组织也能得到细化。认为 IFP的形成能够阻止对韧性有害的晶界形核铁素体板条 ( FSP)的生长 ,结果得到较细小的晶粒尺寸。通过增加 Ti-氧化物颗粒的数量即增加 IF…     

钙处理对稀土在大线能量焊接HAZ中作用的影响

 为了探明钙处理对稀土改善C-Mn钢焊接HAZ韧性作用的影响,利用Gleeble模拟了热输入为339 kJ/cm的焊接热循环过程,对比研究了稀土处理钢和Ca-稀土处理钢焊接HAZ中夹杂物、显微组织和低温冲击韧性差异,分析了钙对稀土在HAZ中作用的影响规律,发现钙处理能促进稀土改善HAZ低温冲击韧性。钙能使稀土处理钢HAZ中的夹杂物从稀土氧化物复合夹杂转变为稀土-Ca的复合夹杂,平均尺寸从1.5增大到2.2 μm,长宽比从1.5减小到1.4,夹杂物总量降低。虽然钙对稀土处理钢HAZ中晶内针状铁素体的含量影响不大,但钙能增强稀土对HAZ原奥氏体晶粒粗化的抑制作用,Ca-稀土处理钢HAZ原奥氏体晶粒尺寸比稀土处理钢小。热输入为339 kJ/cm时,钙处理能使稀土处理钢HAZ低温冲击韧性明显提高。     

高强管线钢焊接裂纹产生的原因及控制

高强管线钢焊接热影响区(HAZ)受焊接热循环影响,韧性降低,成为焊接接头的薄弱位置.由于焊接粗晶区粗大晶粒及焊趾处产生的应力集中,裂纹通常起源于焊趾处靠近熔合线的热影响区粗晶区.夹杂物与基体界面处、MA岛与基体界面处、存在MA岛的晶界以及MA岛内部是裂纹形核的主要位置.裂纹沿着晶界扩展,或从晶粒内部穿过,或沿着基体与夹杂物之间的缝隙扩展.控制焊接热输入减少MA岛数量、细化奥氏体晶粒及利用氧化物冶金的方法促进晶内形核铁素体的生成,有助于提高焊接热影响区粗晶区韧性.     

提高高性能厚钢板HAZ韧性的技术

1前言 厚钢板几乎都是用作结构用钢,从安全考虑最重要的是确保连接母材的焊接区韧性。要特别避免令人担心的焊接热影响区（Heat Affected Zone：以下记作HAZ）的韧性恶化,作为应对措施,早就知道了HAZ组织微细化是有效的。而HAZ组织微细化技术,对氧化物为中心的复合夹杂物（主要是在炼钢阶段产生的氧化物上结晶、析出硫化物、氧化物等复合夹杂物）的晶粒内相变控制技术等进行了广泛研究,这项技术被称作氧化物冶金学。     

氧化物冶金工艺对EH36钢HAZ组织性能的影响

设计了Ti- Ca和Ti- Mg两种氧化物冶金脱氧工艺的EH36实验钢来考察粗晶热影响区的组织性能和冲击韧性。结果表明，两种处理工艺的实验钢热模拟后的焊接热影响区内都有大量细小的晶内针状铁素体产生；与Ti- Ca脱氧工艺相比，采用Ti- Mg脱氧工艺的实验钢，焊接热影响区中针状组织更加明显，夹杂物的类型也更加复杂，同时Ti- Mg复合脱氧工艺在焊接热循环中能够更好地钉扎奥氏体晶界。-40℃的冲击数据表明，Ti- Mg脱氧工艺处理后的实验钢HAZ冲击性能优于Ti- Ca处理工艺。     

大线能量焊接高强船板钢氧化物冶金技术的新进展

分析了中国船舶工业的现状、成就、挑战及发展趋势.为了提高船舶制造效率,采取了增加焊接线能量的措施.大线能量焊接时,由于高温停留时间长,相变冷却速度慢,焊接热影响区奥氏体晶粒急剧长大,得到侧板条铁素体为主的凝固组织,韧性恶化.氧化物冶金技术利用钢中的细小氧化物,通过促进晶内铁素体形核可明显改善焊接热影响区的组织.叙述了氧化物冶金的主要内容和该技术对船板钢的组织和性能的影响.介绍了日本一些钢铁公司开发的大线能量焊接高强船板钢氧化物冶金新技术.     

高铌高强管线钢焊接热影响区的组织与性能

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机模拟研究了两种典型的焊接热输入条件下高铌高强管线钢焊接热影响区的组织和性能分布,结果表明:高铌高强管线钢焊接热影响区的硬度高于母材的硬度,没有明显的软化现象;但临界两相区及焊接粗晶区的韧性显著恶化。临界两相区韧性降低是原奥氏体晶界处形成尺寸较大的链状M/A岛所致;而焊接粗晶区则是由于原奥氏体晶粒粗化及混晶,以及冷却后形成粗大的贝氏体及贝氏体边界处尺寸较大的M/A岛所致。在高铌钢中,高的合金含量所引起碳当量的升高是导致韧性降低的主要原因。     

Effect of Mg Addition on Inhibiting Austenite Grain Growth in Heat Affected Zones of Ti-Bearing Low Carbon Steels

 To study the effect of Mg addition on inhibiting weld heat affected zones (HAZ) austenite grain growth of Ti-bearing low carbon steels, two steels with and without Mg treated were prepared using a laboratory vacuum. The welding testing was simulated by Gleeble 3500 thermomechanical simulator. The performance of HAZ was investigated that the toughness was improved from 33 to 185 J by adding 0.005% Mg (in mass percent) to the steel, and the fracture mechanism changed from cleavage fracture to toughness fracture. Through in-situ observation by a confocal scanning laser microscope, a significant result was found that the austenite grain of the steel with Mg treated was still keeping fine-grained structure after holding at 1400 ℃ and lasting for 300 s. This inhibition of austenite grain growth was mainly attributed to the formation of pinning particles after the addition of Mg. The obtained results propose a potential method for improving HAZ toughness of structure steels.     

Low Cost High Performance Steel Plate With Superior HAZ Toughness for Large Heat Input Welding

In this paper, a laboratory study has been made to develop low cost high performance steel plates with superior HAZ toughness for large heat input welding. Simulated results show that the absorbed impact energy of heat-affected zone (HAZ) at -20℃reaches above 200J when large heat inputs of 100 to 400kJ/cm were applied, suggestive of superior HAZ toughness for large heat input welding of developed steel plate. The microstructures in HAZ are transformed from mainly fine ferrite and bainite at 100kJ/cm, through an intermediate stage of ferrite, bainite and pearlite at 200 and 300kJ/cm, to nearly fine ferrite and pearlite at 400kJ/cm. The prior austenite grain size and ferrite grain size in HAZ are controlled to ～50 and ～20μm, respectively. The high HAZ toughness is due to the inhibition of prior austenite grain size at high temperatures and the formation of beneficial microstructures to HAZ toughness during continuous cooling.     

Investigations of the influence of titanium addition to the base material on toughness properties of the HAZ

Without taking precautions on the material side the application of fully mechanized welding techniques with high heat inputs into the base metal can lead to undesirable grain growth and unfavourable toughness values in the HAZ. The aim of the investigations of four fine grained steels (FeE 355) with varied contents of titanium and nitrogen and one steel without titanium addition was to study different states of precipitation in the steels, the change after a welding simulation treatment and the comparison with real weldments. The results have shown that in titanium microalloyed steels the increase of the austenitic grain size is clearly lower than in steels without titanium addition. They keep their favourable toughness properties even after welding processes with high heat inputs. The toughness values of the SA weldings are higher than the values of the simulated specimens.     

海洋平台用EH36厚钢板焊接接头的组织性能分析

按照EN 10225-2009附录E标准要求,采用50 kJ/cm大热输入埋弧焊工艺焊接厚为100 mm海洋平台用EH36钢板,测试分析了焊态及焊后热处理态焊接接头的组织与性能。结果表明,无论焊态还是焊后热处理态,EH36厚钢板焊接接头的硬度HV10≤280,抗拉强度≥510 MPa,-40℃冲击功均值≥50 J,表面组织以粗大的板条状贝氏体＋少量粒状贝氏体为主,心部组织以细小的铁素体＋珠光体为主,表明济钢开发的EH36厚钢板满足海洋平台的焊接生产要求。焊接接头表面与心部熔合线形状及传热状态的差异,是导致表面HAZ晶粒比心部粗大、因而表面韧性低于心部的主要原因。     

Laser Welding of Ultra-Fine Grained Steel SS400

Steeliswidelyusedbecauseofitsgoodcompre hensive properties ,plentyofresourceandlowerprice .Thestrengthandtoughnessaretwoimpor tantpropertiesofsteels ,andpeoplemakeeffortstoincreasetheirvalues .Addingalloyingelementandcontrollingmicrostructurearetwobasicwaystoac complishtheaim .Therefinedmicrostructureob tainedbyprocessingtechniqueenablesthestrengthandtoughnessofsteeltobeincreasedwithoutaddingalloyingelementandtheratioofperformance costtobeincreased .Theultra finegrainedsteelshavefer ritegrains…     

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The distribution of microstructure and mechanical properties in welding heat affected zone (HAZ) of a high-Nb high strength pipeline steel was studied by simulating two type welding heat inputs on Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator. The results show that the micro-hardness of HAZ is higher then base metal without obvious softening. However, the toughness for intercritical heat affected zone and coarse grain zone of heat affected zone deteriorates. M/A islands with large size distributed in chain structure along prior austenite grain boundary cause the decrease of toughness in intercritical heat affected zone. Coarsening and mixed crystal of prior austenite grain, coarse bainite lath cluster and M/A island with large size distributed at boundary of bainite lath cluster result in deterioration of toughness in coarse grain. High alloy content and carbon equivalent are main reason to result in the decrease of the toughness.     

08MnNiVR储油罐钢模拟焊接热影响区组织与韧性研究

利用焊接热模拟、示波冲击韧性和光学金相试验,研究了不同焊接热循环对鞍钢08MnNiVR储油罐钢板热影响区组织与性能的影响。试验结果表明,08MnNiVR钢板粗晶区在低热输入时具有很高的韧性且组织以粒状贝氏体为主,随着热输入的增加,组织向块状铁素体和珠光体转变,粗晶区的裂纹扩展功降低,韧性恶化。     

镁处理对钢中夹杂物以及HAZ组织和性能的影响

 近年来镁处理的氧化物冶金技术研究非常活跃,为了总结镁处理氧化物冶金研究的最新成果,综述了镁处理对钢中夹杂物以及HAZ组织和性能的影响研究。通过镁处理形成的微米级含镁氧化物和硫化物复合夹杂物可以诱导晶内针状铁素体析出;镁处理过程中形成的纳米析出物,通过对奥氏体晶界的钉扎作用可以抑制原奥氏体晶粒长大,钉扎粒子多为300 nm以下的TiN、在MgO表面析出TiN形成的MgO+TiN复合夹杂和镁的氧化物或硫化物及其复合夹杂物。这两种氧化物冶金作用机理都有助于提高厚钢板的大线能量焊接热影响区的低温冲击韧性。镁处理可以同时对钢中氧化物和硫化物进行改性,改变了硫化物的组成和形态,生成以含镁夹杂物为核心,外围包裹MnS的复合夹杂物抑制了树枝状MnS的生成,促进钢中生成细小、球状分布的MnS夹杂物,进而改善钢的可加工性能;并且形成的含镁复合夹杂物之间的作用力约为Al₂O₃夹杂物之间作用力的1/10,作用距离约为Al₂O₃夹杂物最大作用距离的2/5,呈现弥散分布状态。     

Development of steel plate for large-heat input welding by nanometer precipitates

The mechanism of the improvement of heat affected zone(HAZ) toughness with nanometer precipitates is discussed in this paper.The austenite grain growth during welding process can be effectively prevented with the aid of the pinning effect of fine particles,so that the steel plate can be improved in large-heat input welding performance.The oxide metallurgy technology with strong deoxidizers is developed in Baosteel.Large number of nanometer precipitates are formed during deoxidation,solidification and phase transformation processes.With the pinning effect of these fine particles,after welding with large-heat input of 400 kJ/cm,the average austenite grain size is 61μm in HAZ,the average energy absorbed value is 142 J for V-notch Charpy test at - 20℃.     

大型原油储罐用高强钢焊接性能研究

采用实物焊接和热模拟的方法研究了大型原油储罐用610MPa级高强度钢板大热输入焊接性能。结果表明,试验钢具有良好的抗大热输入量焊接的能力,原因是钢板中存在大量细小、弥散分布的TiN复合粒子,在焊接热循环的高温阶段,TiN粒子通过有效钉轧奥氏体晶界和促进铁素体晶内形核,抑制了焊接热影响区组织粗化;采用气电立焊和埋弧横焊焊接后,焊接对接接头的拉伸强度、低温冲击和冷弯性能优良,性能指标富余量大,试验钢板完全可以应用于10万m3及以上大型石油储罐的建造。