适用于Piezo的显微操作针的制备

为了将Piezo更好地应用于辅助生殖、转基因动物生产、RNA干扰等与显微操作相关的工作,利用显微照相技术对拉制的显微操作针进行测量,找出PN-30型拉针仪制备Piezo操作针的参数.结果表明,热度这个参数与微针过渡段的长度成正相关,而副磁力这个参数与微针过渡段的长度和最适段的长度成负相关.制备固定针时,热度-副磁力-主磁力的适合数值为90-20-80.制备去核针与注射针时,热度-副磁力-主磁力的适合数值为75-60-87.5.     

控轧控冷工艺生产D36高强度船板钢的生产工艺研究

本文在合理设计成分的基础上,通过TMCP工艺对轧制过程中的温度制度、变形制度和轧后冷却制度等进行有效控制,显著改善了钢材的微观组织,获得了具有良好综合力学性能的船板钢.为微合金化高强度船板钢的生产提供了一种低成本、节能及工艺相对简单可行的技术.     

不锈钢表面激光熔覆镍基合金层研究

采用多层多道搭接的激光熔覆方法在0Cr18Ni10Ti不锈钢表面上分别熔覆两种镍基合金涂层.1#合金涂层的硬度在HRC34左右,无开裂;2#合金涂层的硬度在HRC47左右,易开裂.采用硬度较低的1#合金涂层作为过渡层成功解决了2#合金涂层的开裂问题,成功制备出大面积较厚涂层.经光学显微镜(OM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及能谱(EDS)分析可知,大面积熔覆层的表层主要由γ-Ni枝晶、块状γ-Ni和M12C型碳化物增强相组成.显微硬度测试表明,表层平均硬度达HV0.2583,自熔覆层表层至基体,显微硬度逐渐降低.     

稀土元素Gd、Ce对AZ31镁合金硬度的影响

本文以AZ31变形镁合金为研究对象,在其基础上添加了不同含量的稀土元素Gd和Ce,研究AZ31-8Re镁合金的铸态组织和性能.利用光学金相显微镜、维氏硬度测试仪等实验设备研究镁合金的相的微观组织和力学性能,系统地比较了不同含量的稀土元素Gd和Ce的镁合金的性能,分析了不同含量的稀土元素Gd和Ce对镁合金力学性能的研究了稀土元素Gd和Ce对AZ31变形镁合金的组织和力学性能的影响.     

Q690钢的过冷奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线

采用Formastor-F型全自动相变仪测定Q690钢的连续冷却转变曲线(CCT曲线),研究了Q690钢在不同冷却速度下的显微组织形态,分析了合金元素对连续冷却转变曲线的影响,通过对CCT曲线的测定为Q690钢热处理制度和控冷工艺提供理论依据.     

时效制度对LD10铝合金组织和性能的影响

本文研究了不同时效制度对LD10铝合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,采用合适的时效温度和时间,能够有效地控制第二相的沉淀行为,从而使合金的力学性能得到明显的改善.文中还讨论了合金时效工艺参数、显微组织和力学性能之间的关系,并对时效制度改善合金力学性能的机理作了探讨.     

显微镜下颅内肿瘤摘除术的护理配合

总结了215例在显微镜下行颅内肿瘤摘除术的护理配合.强调手术室护士在手术前的充分准备,手术中人员合理的配备,洗手护士、巡回护士熟练准备的配合,是保证手术顺利进行的关键.包括严格无菌操作、合理安置体位、熟练传递器械、确保物品齐全、性能良好,注意对术者的心理调节.     

铝含量对铅力学性能的影响

利用金属强化原理,设计了一组不同铝含量的铅,研究了铝(Al)元素对铅铝合金力学性能的影响.用真空感应炉冶炼出不同Al含量的Pb-Al合金,并通过快速冷却模具的手段保证成分的均匀性.基于拉伸试验、夏比冲击试验与金相分析技术等,对合金的成分、显微组织和力学性能的关系进行了测试与分析.结果表明,固溶态的Al能够有效提高Pb-Al合金的抗拉强度和冲击功,但富Al相的不均匀析出会使Pb-Al合金发生二次再结晶现象,从而导致强度、韧性的下降.     

CSP工艺热轧钢板显微组织混晶问题分析

珠江钢铁公司CSP工艺下生产的部分产品出现明显的混晶现象,影响了产品的力学性能.本文对组织混晶的产生原因从理论和实践上进行了分析,并针对珠钢的生产工艺提出了改进措施.     

中药显微鉴定常见的几种制片方法

综述了中药显微鉴定常见的制片方法,为中药的真伪、品质鉴定提供了参考.     

Friction Composites: Traditions and New Solutions (Review). Part 2. Composite Materials

Success in research, production and testing of composite materials is considered. Fields of their practical application are discussed. New methods for forming friction components and coatings on them are analyzed. It is shown that the main research in the field of friction materials is concentrated on composites with metal, ceramic, and carbon matrices.__________Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 1–2(441), pp. 8–23, January–February, 2005.     

Drawdown due to Temporally Varying Pumping Discharge: Inversely Estimating Aquifer Parameters

A ramp kernel method is proposed for accurately calculating the drawdown due to any temporal variation in pumping discharge. The use of the ramp kernels assumes the linear variation between the two consecutive measured pumping discharges. The prior studies assume a rectangular variation between the two consecutive measured pumping discharges. In the rectangular variation, a uniform pumping rate is assumed during a time span. An analytical equation for calculating the ramp kernel is derived. An optimization method is used with the proposed ramp kernels for inversely estimating the aquifer parameters from drawdown due to an arbitrary unsteady pumping discharge. Unlike the prior methods, the proposed method accurately identifies the parameters even when the sampling interval for the drawdown and pumping discharge is longer than that needed for assuming a linear variation. The proposed method outperforms the prior method. Application of the proposed method is illustrated using examples.     

Love in psychotherapy.

Relational and intersubjective concepts are used to present new ideas about love in psychotherapy. Love is a fundamental creative and propulsive force in therapy. Therapy is a mutually loving process addressing the problematic of love. The therapist's subordinated subjectivity has importance in this experience. Developed but inhibited love occurs in many patients as a result of loving but flawed parenting. As actualization of love progresses during therapy, so does actualization of self. The actualization of love proceeds through 3 successive stages: desire, belief, and hope. The struggle for recognition is fundamental to these developments. The role of love in therapy is theorized on the basis of philosophical, sociological, and psychoanalytic ideas. A case report demonstrates the above approach. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Housing Law Is Dead. Long Live European Housing Law?

The U.K. discipline of housing law is closely linked to the advice needs of individuals and local councils who have many housing responsibilities. This interdisciplinary study supports people in need of housing, particularly assisting access to social housing, often owned by councils. In France similar groups are supported by a strongly expressed right to housing, which is a principle of constitutional value. However, the French local government is too small and fragmented to support U.K.-type responsibility and stronger rights of other local people can block access to social housing. European influences mean that the U.K. has imported a series of ideas that could mean less access to social housing for people in need and the U.K. discipline of housing law is more complex, diffused, and difficult to promote as a study unit. French legal study suggests European trends: primarily public law, not empirical and oriented to construction, although this is improving. Several ideas for new European legal subject groupings are suggested, particularly rights. The right to housing might be currently ineffective in France but it is unavoidable because of pervasive European use. The discipline of the U.K. housing law is threatened, but such lawyers could create new disciplines adapting its traditional strengths to new European groupings.     

Damage Modeling of Saturated Rocks in Drained and Undrained Conditions

A new anisotropic damage model is proposed to describe the mechanical and poromechanical behavior of brittle rocks in drained and undrained conditions. Although phenomenological, the model is based on physical grounds of micromechanical analysis. Induced damage is represented by a second rank tensor, which is related to the density and orientation of microcracks. Damage evolution is related to propagation of the microcracks. The effective elastic compliance of the damaged material is obtained from a specific form of the Gibbs free enthalpy function. Irreversible damage-related strain due to residual opening of microcracks after unloading is also captured. The originality of our approach is that a poromechanical model of a saturated medium is constructed by extension of the mechanical model for dry material using micromechanical relationships. All the model parameters are determined from triaxial compression tests performed on dry material. The proposed model is applied to coupled poromechanical tests performed on typical brittle rock in saturated conditions. Comparison between test data and numerical simulations shows overall good agreement. The model proposed is able to describe the main features of poromechanical behavior related to microcracks induced in brittle geomaterials.     

Leadership and attachment theory.

Comments on the six articles contained in the special issue of the American Psychologist (January 2007) devoted to leadership, written by W. Bennis (see record 2006-23492-002); S. J. Zaccaro (see record 2006-23492-003); V. H. Vroom and A. G. Yago (see record 2006-23492-004); B. J. Avolio (see record 2006-23492-005); R. J. Sternberg (see record 2006-23492-006); and R. J. Hackman and R. Wageman (see record 2006-23492-007). The current authors opine that the inclusion of attachment theory in the study of leadership could strengthen leadership theories as a whole. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Diversity and leadership.

Comments on the six articles contained in the special issue of the American Psychologist (January 2007) devoted to leadership, written by W. Bennis (see record 2006-23492-002); S. J. Zaccaro (see record 2006-23492-003); V. H. Vroom and A. G. Yago (see record 2006-23492-004); B. J. Avolio (see record 2006-23492-005); R. J. Sternberg (see record 2006-23492-006); and R. J. Hackman and R. Wageman (see record 2006-23492-007). The current authors express concern that the special issue failed to include attention to issues of diversity and intersecting identities as they pertain to leadership. A Special Issue Part II on Diversity and Leadership is being proposed to (a) advance new models of leadership, (b) expand on existing leadership theories, and (c) incorporate diversity and multiple identities in the formulation of more inclusive leadership research and theory. The goal of this special issue will be to revise our theories of leadership and our understanding of effective leadership to include gender, racial/ethnic minority status, sexual orientation, and disability status. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Theory of Plastic Sand Flow with Fluid Pressure Effect

Fundamental principles of elastic–plastic mechanics of soils and rocks are given on the base of the original publications. The solid friction and dilatancy effects are included in the nonstandard form of nonassociative rule of plastic flow. The resulting hyperbolic system of equations is represented for a plane case. The slip surfaces are assumed to be jump tangential discontinuities of a velocity field. The possibility of limit equilibrium at slip surfaces is accounted for. The attempts to account for grain rotations, permitting study of slip surface structure, are discussed. The Biot–Frenkel model of interpenetrating continua is developed for plastic flow of porous saturated matrix. In this case the solid matrix state is determined by the effective stresses and pore pressure diffusion happens in plastically flowing matrix. To illustrate the theory possibilities, solutions for failure and mass sand flow, driven by the pore pressure gradient, are selected. They are important especially for oil/gas reservoirs with a weak matrix, typical for offshore geology.     

Cropland Measurement Using Thematic Mapper Data and Radiometric Model

To halt erosion and desertification, it is necessary to quantify resources that are affected. Necessary information includes inventory of croplands and desert areas as they change over time. Several studies indicate the value of remote sensor data as input to inventories. In this study, the radiometric modeling of spectral characteristics of soil and vegetation provides the theoretical basis for the remote sensing approach. Use of Landsat Thematic Mapper images allows measurement of croplands in Saudi Arabia, demonstrating the capability of the approach. The inventory techniques and remote sensing approach presented are potentially useful in developing countries.     

Management of Fluid Mud in Estuaries, Bays, and Lakes. II: Measurement, Modeling, and Management

Techniques for measurement, modeling, and management of fluid mud are available, but research is needed to improve them. Fluid mud can be difficult to detect, measure, or sample, which has led to new instruments and new ways of using existing instruments. Multifrequency acoustic fathometers sense neither density nor viscosity and are, therefore, unreliable in measuring fluid mud. Nuclear density probes, towed sleds, seismic, and drop probes equipped with density meters offer the potential for accurate measurements. Numerical modeling of fluid mud requires solving governing equations for flow velocity, density, pressure, salinity, water surface, plus sediment submodels. A number of such models exist in one-, two-, and three-dimensional form, but they rely on empirical relationships that require substantial site-specific validation to observations. Management of fluid mud techniques can be classified as those that accomplish: Source control, formation control, and removal. Nautical depth, a fourth category, defines the channel bottom as a specific fluid mud density or alternative parameter as safe for navigation. Source control includes watershed management measures to keep fine sediment out of waterways and in-water measures such as structures and traps. Formation control methods include streamlined channels and structures plus other measures to reduce flocculation and structures that train currents. Removal methods include the traditional dredging and transport of dredged material plus agitation that contributes to formation control and/or nautical depth. Conditioning of fluid mud by dredging and aerating offers the possibility of improved navigability. Two examples—the Atchafalaya Bar Channel and Savannah Harbor—illustrate the use of measurements and management of fluid mud.