闪速熔炼炉水淬渣排水降As的工业试验

针对闪速炉水淬渣排水砷含量高的特点,提出将整体水淬渣水作为治理对象,用投加硫酸亚铁作为铁砷共沉淀,促使水中的砷离子形成絮状沉淀物的处理工艺。该工艺能够有效地降低水淬渣水中砷的含量,处理后砷含量符合后续工艺中的要求,使最终排外废水砷含量低于国家标准。     

含砷混合盐提纯碳酸钠研究

含砷混合盐的主要成分为碳酸钠和砷酸钠。该混合盐使用受到限制。采用饱和碳酸钠溶液,通过溶浸方式能够有效降低混合盐中的砷含量。试验结果表明,通过一次或多次溶浸,混合盐中的砷含量由4%左右降至0.05%～0.5%,碳酸钠含量由60%提升到85%～90%;所得到的砷酸钠的砷含量达到20%。通过溶浸后,所得的碳酸钠和砷酸钠均能够得到有效的利用,从而解决了含砷混合盐对环境的污染问题。     

影响铁水中铜、砷含量因素的分析

通过对矿粉混匀、烧结、炼铁过程中铜、砷含量变化的分析,可以得知,烧结过程中原料中的铜、砷全部进入烧结矿;炼铁过程中铜、砷挥发少,铁水中铜、砷含量大致以矿耗比"浓缩".     

高砷锑原料的铜转炉吹炼

文章介绍了铜转炉原料和产品中的砷,锑分布情况,指出浓缩冰铜砷,锑含量对自产粗铜中砷、锑影响最大,做好还原是保证自产粗铜砷、锑合格的关键。     

微波和等离子体辅助次氯酸钠浸出含砷铜矿脱砷工艺

采用次氯酸钠浸出方法降低含砷铜矿中的砷含量。最佳工艺条件为:温度30℃、粒度54~74μm、NaClO浓度0.39mol/L、NaOH用量为矿样的1.67%、时间90min、液固比40∶1(mL/g),砷浸出率为47.53%。微波场和辉光放电等离子体场辅助次氯酸钠浸出,砷浸出率分别为66%、72.88%,处理后铜矿中砷含量分别降至0.15%、0.12%,均满足铜精矿二级品砷含量的指标要求。     

简讯

炼铁生产中铁含砷高的原因分析斯洛伐克科希策市的哈特尼克大学，根据东斯洛伐克钢厂生产的铸铁合砷较高的情况进行了这一研究。对生产的中间产品、最终产品、烟尘灰、废气中砷的分布进行了实验分析，其结果为：铁矿石中的砷向铸造生铁、烧结团块、高炉炉渣、高炉炉体转移的量分别为89．5％～92．5％、5％、1．7％～2．8％、0．6％～0．9％，以其它方式转移的砷量为0．2％，烟尘灰及废气中的含砷量要比所容许的含量低。因而所得出的结论是：东斯洛伐克钢厂要降低铸造生铁中的砷含量，最根本的办法是降低高炉炼铁原料中的砷含量。碲在液态铜…     

降低湿法制砷工艺液相锑浓度的实验研究

湿法制砷工艺中的循环酸长周期的运行使用后Sb元素含量升高,影响白砷的结晶效果及产品的品质。通过实验的方法对高砷高锑液除Sb进行了研究,探索出降低高砷高锑液Sb含量的方法,经过酸化、萃取、反萃等一系列工艺,使Sb的去除率达到50%以上。     

金精矿生物氧化过程中砷的氧化行为初探

用金精矿和砷精矿配出含砷量分别为2．46％、8．23％、14．00％的3个试样,分别进行生物氧化试验。试验结果表明,氧化液中三价砷含量与试样的砷含量有关。含砷较低的试样氧化时,氧化液中三价砷含量很低,溶液中砷大部分为五价砷;试样含砷越高,氧化液中三价砷含量越高,五价砷含量越低;氧化液中三价砷含量越高,则二价铁含量越高,Eh越低。由试验结果分析,生物氧化过程中毒砂中砷主要被Fe^3＋氧化,是间接作用机理的生物氧化过程。     

砷在铜电解精炼过程中的行为及益处

砷的毒性众所周知,然而,为了获得高质量的阴极铜,在阳极和电解液中必须含有一定量的砷。砷、锑、铋的含量取决于阳极板内各成份的相对含量。本文将讨论砷在铜电解过程中的行为和益处,以及锑、铋对阴极板和电解槽的不利影响。同时本文也讨论了将砷、锑、铋引起的阴极污染、浮泥、结圬和阳极钝化等不利影响最小化或加以缓解。     

钢中砷含量控制优化

不同钢种对砷有不同的要求,本文对不同矿种中砷含量、二种配矿结构烧结矿中砷含量、铁水中砷含量、炼钢电炉配料中砷含量进行了计算研究,并与生产数据进行了比较。二者数据较为吻合,表明：（1）生产As≤0．010％的钢种,由于废钢中砷无法去除,需要用低砷含量的铁水来降低铜中砷含量。因此需配入砷含量低的铁矿,烧结配矿可采用PB粉、高炉配矿可采用PB块,在此种配矿情况下钢中砷含量均小于0．010％。（2）生产As≤0．015％的钢种,由于废钢申砷波动,需要用低砷含量的铁水来部份降低钢中砷含量,,烧结配矿可采用PB粉（不加褐铁矿粉或加入比例减少）、高炉可适量配20％其他块矿,确保铁水中As≤0．014％在此种配矿情况下铜中砷含量均小于0．015％。     

炼铁工序铁素流的系统动力学分析

运用系统动力学原理,采用因果关系和存量流量分析方法,在相对宏观的层面构建了钢铁生产流程炼铁工序的铁素流动态模型。仿真结果准确,验证了所建炼铁工序系统动力学模型的正确性并分析了不同返回情况下高炉铁素、铁水铁素流和损失铁素流的动态特性。计算结果表明:从物料投入高炉到铁水稳定输出时段,铁水铁素流随时间的增加而不断增大,然后逐渐趋于稳定,且铁水铁素流在炼铁初始时段增加速度最快;高炉铁素和损失铁素流均与本单元铁素流返回率呈正相关,且不随上游铁素流返回率的变化而改变;铁水铁素流与上游铁素流返回率、本单元铁素流返回率均呈负相关;上游铁素流返回率的增大会使铁水铁素流减小至新的稳定输出状态;本单元铁素流返回率的增大会使铁水铁素流先减小,然后逐渐增大至新的稳定输出状态。     

Iron management in end-stage renal disease

One of the important components of successful anemia therapy in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treated with recombinant human erythropoietin is the maintenance of adequate available iron. To accomplish this task, iron status must be serially monitored and supplemental iron administered as required. Among nonuremic subjects, the body's iron supply is tightly conserved, and iron deficiency usually develops only when chronic blood loss occurs. In patients with ESRD, iron deficiency occurs more frequently, because of increased external losses of iron, decreased availability of the body's storage of iron, and perhaps a deficit in intestinal iron absorption. Detecting iron deficiency in these patients can be difficult because of the inaccuracy of available diagnostic tests. The goals of iron therapy in ESRD include the prevention of iron deficiency by chronically supplementing iron, and the prompt treatment of overt iron deficiency. Oral iron supplements are inexpensive and safe, but poor patient compliance and reduced intestinal absorption may limit their effectiveness. Intravenous iron supplements have a greater efficacy then oral iron, which must be weighed against the small risk of allergic reactions. We present strategies for using the various diagnostic tests and treatment modalities to effectively manage iron supply for predialysis, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis patients.     

铁矿粉对铁焦炭化过程体积演变的影响

摘要：为了研究铁矿粉对铁焦炭化过程中体积膨胀 收缩机制的影响，采用高温热台显微镜、Image pro plus软件、扫描电镜、XRD等先进的表征手段解析了不同铁矿粉及其添加量对铁焦成焦过程的宏观体积、微观结构和矿物组成的影响。研究结果表明，随着铁矿粉添加量的增加，铁焦炭化过程中的体积收缩量逐渐减小。相同铁矿粉添加量时，铁矿粉种类对铁焦炭化过程中的体积演变影响较小。炭化过程中铁焦内含铁矿物由Fe2O3逐渐还原为金属Fe，但不同铁矿物还原后在铁焦内的分布规律有所差异。     

Iron stores in man in relation to diet and iron requirements

OBJECTIVE: To calculate iron stores in man and their rates of changes in relation to iron requirements and dietary iron intake and bioavailability. METHOD: Newly established relationships between iron absorption from whole diets and serum ferritin (SF) and between SF and iron stores allow calculations of amounts of stored iron under different conditions (diets, losses) at stationary states when absorption equals losses. Rate of growth of stores can also be calculated. All calculations are based on observations and require no model assumptions. RESULTS: Present calculations of iron stores agree with previously observed phlebotomy values. Differences in intake and bioavailability of dietary iron and in iron requirements had marked effects on amounts of stored iron. A wide range of diets was studied, from a hypothetical high-meat diet typical for early man to diets in developing countries. A new equation is given for the translation of SF into iron stores. Analyses of growth rate of stores under different conditions showed a fast growth from zero iron stores during the first year (reaching about 80% of final amounts) followed by a much slower rate for 2-3 y. A marked inertia was seen in rate of changes in iron stores that was more marked the closer stores were to their stationary states making it difficult to use SF to estimate short term changes in iron absorption in iron replete subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Realistic Western-type diets with good bioavailability can cover iron requirements in most women and can restitute iron stores during lactation. The high prevalence of iron deficiency in menstruating Western women is thus mainly related to a further low bioavailability of iron in present diets. Present analyses also demonstrated an effective control of iron absorption preventing development of iron overload in otherwise healthy subjects even if the diet is fortified with iron and even if meat intake is high.     

掺杂异物铁精粉的鉴别

烧结球团矿作为炼铁生产过程中的主要原料广泛使用经磁选的铁精粉,由于资源、价格、成本等原因,原料市场出现了掺入铁屑、磨床屑、氧化铁皮等异物提高铁精粉中全铁含量的假铁精粉,烧结过程中一旦使用这些假铁精粉,严重影响生产。针对外购进厂铁精粉是否为掺杂异物的铁精粉,通过检查外观特征是否有白色石灰颗粒,通过检查气味是否有臭皮蛋、氨气味道,再通过测定水化后pH值是否呈碱性以及检测铁精粉中的磁性铁和金属铁含量,可以快速简单鉴定该铁精粉是否由铁屑、硫酸渣、氧化铁皮等外来含铁物质配矿而成。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铁矿石中硫化铁

准确测定铁矿石中硫化铁对于铁矿石的物相分析具有重要意义。目前,铁矿石中硫化铁的前处理方法以系统分析法为主,虽然该方法发展较为成熟,但是存在着步骤繁琐、分离不彻底、硫化铁易损失等问题,易导致测定结果不准确。通过不同溶样方法的对比试验,确定了采用饱和溴水-高锰酸钾混合溶液直接浸取铁矿石的方法以充分浸取硫化铁;通过不同定容方式的对比试验,选择氟化铵-盐酸混合溶液作为提取介质,以最大程度抑制铁的水解,经电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定,得到铁矿石中硫化铁(以铁计,下同)的含量。方法中校准曲线的线性相关系数为0.9999;硫化铁的检出限为3μg/g。按照实验方法测定铁矿石物相成分分析标准物质中硫化铁,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=8)为1.9%~3.5%,相对误差为1.3%~2.5%。实验方法用于测定3个铁矿石实际样品中硫化铁,结果的RSD(n=5)为0.68%~3.0%。方法适用于铁矿石中0.04%~8%(质量分数)硫化铁的测定。     

高铝铁矿和高锰铁矿共还原行为的研究

高铝铁矿和高锰铁矿是两种储量丰富但又极难分选的铁矿资源,实现铁、锰、铝的高效综合利用具有重要意义.本文研究了这两种铁矿石工艺矿物学,考查了单矿种及两者的混合矿种的直接还原行为及还原过程中的矿物组成演变,揭示了相应的还原机理.结果表明:高铝铁矿难还原,其机理为经还原后仅部分铁氧化物转化为金属铁,其余的铁与铝、硅矿物形成难还原的铁橄榄石和铁尖晶石;高锰铁矿易还原,其中的铁氧化物大部分被还原成金属铁,锰氧化物与铝、硅矿物结合形成锰尖晶石和锰橄榄石,促进了铁氧化物的还原.而且在相同还原条件下,高锰铁矿球团金属化率比高铝铁矿高30个百分点,前者还原性明显优于后者.两种矿进行共还原,当高锰铁矿配比达到60%时,球团金属化率就可大于90%.锰氧化物的存在对高铝铁矿石中铁氧化物的还原具有显著的促进作用.     

流化床处理粉铁矿工艺研究

评述了流化床处理粉铁矿的工艺,根据流化床反应器在工业中的应用实际,分别评述了流化床磁化焙烧生产铁精矿,流化床预热粉铁矿并低预还原度还原后添加到铁浴熔池,流化床生产直接还原铁(DRI)和碳化铁(Fe3C)作电炉炼钢原料,多级流化床生产较高预还原度DRI供熔融气化炉终还原冶炼铁水等工艺中流化床反应器的应用.     

Effects of paramagnetic cations on the nonexponential spin-lattice relaxation of rare spin nuclei in solids

Absolute and functional iron deficiency is the most common cause of epoetin (recombinant human erythropoietin) hyporesponsiveness in renal failure patients. Diagnostic procedures for determining iron deficiency include measurement of serum iron levels, serum ferritin levels, saturation of transferrin and percentage of hypochromic red blood cells. Patients with iron deficiency should receive supplemental iron, either orally or intravenously. Adequate intravenous iron supplementation allows reduction of epoetin dosage by approximately 40%. Intravenous iron supplementation is recommended for all patients undergoing haemodialysis and for pre-dialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients with severe iron deficiency. During the maintenance phase (period of epoetin therapy after correction of iron deficiency), the use of low-dose intravenous iron supplementation (10 to 20 mg per haemodialysis treatment or 100 mg every second week) avoids iron overtreatment and minimises potential adverse effects. Depending on the degree of pre-existing iron deficiency, markedly higher iron doses are necessary during the correction phase (period of epoetin therapy after correction of iron deficiency) [e.g. intravenous iron 40 to 100 mg per haemodialysis session up to a total dose of 1000 mg]. The iron status should be monitored monthly during the correction phase and every 3 months during the maintenance phase to avoid overtreatment with intravenous iron.     

新疆铁矿资源特征及潜力分析

新疆铁矿成矿地质条件有利,铁矿床类型齐全,以沉积变质型、岩浆型铁矿成矿潜力最大,高品位不多;矽卡岩型和火山岩型铁矿规模较小,富矿相对较多;沉积型铁矿多为难选冶铁矿,风化淋滤型铁矿成矿潜力很小。新疆铁矿地质勘查程度低,进一步找矿潜力巨大。