热连轧过程中的轧制力模拟

 对目前用于带钢热连轧过程分析中的几种屈服应力模型进行了对比，并在此基础上改进了模型：用Orowan公式计算轧制过程中轧件的应力-应变，用有限差分法计算轧件的温度变化，建立了热连轧生产过程中温度变化和塑性变形计算相耦合的力能参数预报模型。用此模型对某钢厂热轧板带生产过程中力能参数的变化进行了解析计算。计算结果表明，模拟值与现场实测值吻合较好。     

贵冶铜转炉工业试验及物质平衡数据分析

完成了贵冶铜转炉冰铜吹炼现场工业性试验，计算了造渣期和造铜期的物质平衡，估算了吹炼过程中间产出物熔渣和白冰铜的量，并计算了各期的氧气利用率。计算结果对改进操作、过程优化有指导意义，为后来完成的热平衡计算准备了条件。这是完成过程在线控制模型开发的基础。     

带钢热轧过程中轧件横断面上温度场的解析

通过对带钢热这轧过程中传热关系的分析，利用有限元法建立轧件横断面温度场的计算模型。利用该模型对本钢热轧厂的现场生产条件进行了计算，依据计算结果总结出热轧过程中轧件断面温度场的变化规律。     

IMCT模型和KTH模型在S50C钢脱硫实践中的应用

摘要：脱硫是LF精炼的主要任务之一，基于酒钢S50C中高碳钢的开发，对S50C钢LF精炼过程硫容量、硫分配比的计算方法进行了研究。主要利用IMCT模型和KTH模型对LF精炼渣的渣 钢硫分配比进行计算，并通过工业试验对计算结果进行验证。结果表明，IMCT模型和KTH模型的计算值均能表现从LF到站到LF出站的过程中脱硫反应向着平衡的方向发展，但是KTH模型的计算结果更为准确。因此，对IMCT模型进行了修正，修正后的模型也能较为准确地计算出LF精炼末期硫分配比。最后计算了CaF2含量对硫容量的影响，结果显示CaF2含量对平衡硫容量的影响较小。     

船舶下水计算程序

船舶下水计算是一个极其复杂的运算过程，数据多达数千个，数据量非常庞大。为了求得下水时的最佳方案，往往需要对多种下水方案进行计算，重复性劳动多，耗工费时，过去人工进行一次完整的船舶下水计算需要一个月的时间。随着计算机技术应用的逐渐深入，为简化人工计算过程，并使下水计算更为准确、规范，特开发了船舶下水计算程序。使用该程序，可迅速完成各型船舶的下水计算书并将其打印出来，还可方便的对不同下水方案计算以选择一个最优方案。     

高速线材生产过程组织性能预测模型仿真

 采用计算机对高速线材生产过程进行模拟，开发出具有较高准确度同时具有对不同轧制工艺有较好通用性的高线生产仿真系统。利用有限元方法计算了线材在待轧、轧制、水冷及风冷过程的温度场；通过对再结晶动力学模型的解析，得到了静态再结晶、动态再结晶的分数以及奥氏体晶粒在轧制过程中的变化情况；通过组织演变模型和温度模型的耦合计算，模拟出斯太尔摩风冷线上线材的组织变化过程；建立了利用初始化学成分和组织组成预测高线产品力学性能的BP神经网络模型，通过生产过程数据的训练，实现了对线材力学性能的预测。仿真计算的结果对线材控轧、控冷工艺的改进有一定的指导意义。     

板带热连轧过程力能参数、温度和组织变化的预报

采用0rowan公式计算轧制过程中轧件应力应变、有限差分法计算温度变化，建立了板带热连轧生产过程温度变化、微观组织演变综合预报模型。用此模型对鞍钢现场轧制工艺进行了温度变化、奥氏体晶粒大小以及相变过程进行了解析计算，其预报值与现场实测结果吻合较好。     

连铸坯凝固过程中传输现象基础知识系列讲座──第八讲 连铸坯凝固过程中的溶质偏析(三)

连铸坯凝固过程中溶质偏析的影响因素及计算过程非常复杂，采用数学模型可有效地简化计算过程，介绍了国外有关专家在这一方面的研究方法。实际计算结果表明：计算数据与实测结果基本一致。     

镇静钢锭冷却过程三维数学模型的研究

在分析研究镇静钢锭冷却过程传热特点的基础上，建立了镇静钢锭冷却过程的三维数学模型。通过对实测值与模型理论计算值的比较，证明该模型正确，解法有效。应用该模型对Z7.77t挂扳钢锭进行了计算，得到了钢锭在冷却过程中的温度分布、液芯率变化等一系列热状态参数，为确定钢锭的传搁时间及优化均热炉的生产过程提供了可靠的理论依据。     

我国东南部硫氧化物输送沉降模拟研究

介绍了一个简化的欧拉酸沉降模式，模拟中国东南部硫氧化物（ＳＯｘ）输送、转化和沉降过程的计算结果，并对计算结果进行了分析讨论     

基于工程设计的热轧宽厚板轧制规程计算系统的开发及应用

结合宽厚板轧机生产工艺特点及工程设计需要,开发了宽中厚板轧制规程计算软件,对宽厚板轧机轧制过程温度及力能参数计算模型公式的选用、计算方法及编程过程等进行了介绍。采用本软件计算的宽厚板轧制规程实例与工厂实际生产过程轧制规程进行了对比,两者计算结果比较一致。在现代宽厚板轧机工程设计中,采用该软件可获得合理准确的轧制规程,在轧机设备选型、轧机产能计算、极限规格产品轧制能力及轧机电气传动系统设计方面均具有重要的意义。     

煤气鼓风机起动过程分析计算

分析了鼓风机的起动过程，给出了起动时间的计算方法，讨论了电压波动和起始静态阻矩对起动过程的影响，以把握煤气鼓风机的开车起动过程。     

Estimating Work Zone Road User Cost for Alternative Contracting Methods in Highway Construction Projects

Highway construction often causes an additional road user cost (RUC) to motorists due to traffic flow interruption and congestion in work zones. Consequently, facility owners, such as the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT), are often interested in using alternative contracting methods such as A+B contracting to expedite construction. Although many of these contracting methods rely on the RUC to determine incentives or disincentives, no standard method for RUC calculation is available to FDOT district engineers. In addition, existing methods are neither practical nor user-friendly for determining incentives or disincentives. This study intends to develop a RUC calculation procedure for the FDOT that focuses on using data that are easily accessible to FDOT district engineers, such as drawings and maintenance of traffic plans. The procedure is developed based on traffic analysis methods published in the Highway Capacity Manual, previous studies on user benefit analysis and work zones, and empirical data specific to Florida. Case studies are used to illustrate the procedure and to compare it with two other existing models, the Arizona model and the queue and user cost evaluation of work zone model, through correlation analysis, comparison of calculation assumptions, and data input analysis. This study shows that the suggested procedure produces consistent RUC estimates.     

Influence of cuprophane membrane surface dialyzers on beta2-microglobulin serum concentration in patients during hemodialysis

In 14 patients beta 2-microglobulin serum concentration before and after haemodialysis using cuprophane capillary dialyzers with 0.7; 1.2 and 1.5 m2 surface was measured. beta 2-microglobulin concentration did not change during the haemodialysis procedure using 0.7 m2 dialyzers and was 31.15 +/- 7.58 mg/l before the dialysis and 31.10 +/- 13.59 mg/l after the procedure. Using 1.2 m2 dialyzers beta 2-microglobulin serum level increased (not significantly) from 29.40 +/- 7.53 mg/l before dialysis up to 36.29 +/- 11.70 mg/l after dialysis. When employed 1.5 m2 dialyzers the increase of beta 2-microglobulin serum concentration was higher and statistically significant (p < 0.02). The values of beta 2-microglobulin serum level before and after the haemodialysis were 29.89 +/- 2.44 mg/l and 38.04 +/- 5.89 mg/l respectively. There was a significant increase of number of patients with higher beta 2-microglobulin serum level (p < 0.01) according to the increase of dialyzers surface. beta 2-microglobulin concentration after the haemodialysis procedure using 0.7 m2 dialyzers was lower than calculation of protein changes could show. However using 1.2 and 1.5 m2 dialyzers beta 2-microglobulin serum level was markedly higher (statistically significant (p < 0.05) when employed 1.5 m2 dialyzers), than expected using the some above calculation. The increase of beta 2-microglobulin showed positive, but statistically not significant correlation with the index of haemodialysis intensitivity. The above mentioned data indicate that the increase of beta 2-microglobulin after haemodialysis is not related to biocompatibility of cuprophane membrane, but is dependent on intensivity of haemodialysis, which associated with the surface of the membrane.     

Simulation of contact stresses and forces during hot rolling of thin wide strips with allowance for a stick zone and elastic regions in the deformation zone

A new procedure for the calculation of contact stresses and hot-rolling forces for wide strips 0.8–1.5 mm thick has been developed and tested. This procedure takes into account the presence of a stick zone in the deformation zone and stress distributions in both elastic and plastic regions in the deformation zone. The average error in the force calculation according to the new procedure is 5%, which is more than two times smaller than the calculation error of well-known force calculation procedures. The developed procedure is used to simulate the contact stresses in the deformation zones of working stands in a six-stand 1700 mill during rolling of strips thinner than 1.0 mm. A number of new relations for the state of stress in a strip have been revealed upon simulation. Some of these relations are as follows: in the last stands, the length of elastic regions accounts for 10–17% of the total deformation-zone length; the maximum normal contact stresses are 1300–1400 MPa, which corresponds to the stresses in the deformation zones of cold-rolling mills; the stick-zone length accounts for 85–99% of the deformation-zone length; and the contact stresses in the stick zone are virtually independent of the friction coefficient. The developed calculation procedure can be used to optimize the technological regimes of wide-strip mills.     

Diagnostic investigation using vital capillary microscopy and dynamic capillaroscopy

The procedure for studying skin capillaries using vital capillary microscopy is described. Capillary changes take place in patients with reduced arterial circulation, and these are examined in the lower and upper (nailfold) extremity. Dynamic capillaroscopy is a technique for measuring capillary blood cell velocity. The calculation can be performed simply using a computerized system and serves as a useful diagnostic tool in the study of nailfold capillaries. These investigations are applicable in the context of increased prevalence of macro- and microangiopathy associated with diabetes mellitus.     

The method of calculating the numeric value of the KT/V index in the evaluation of effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis

BACKGROUND: For evaluation of the adequacy of peritoneal and haemodialyzation treatment the BP/V index is used. In the literature there is so far no uniform view on the procedure of calculation. The objective was to test whether and to what extent the results of different procedures differ. METHODS AND RESULTS: The authors demonstrated that the method of calculation of this index has a marked impact on the result. The greatest discrepancy was due to differences in the distribution volume of urea (or total body water) where the mean difference was 10% of the absolute value. Also the procedure used to assess the residual renal function can influence the result. Differences due to the method of collection of the dialysate for assessment of the urea concentration are insignificant. The mean difference between the maximal and minimal BP/V index, when different methods of calculation are used, was in the same patient 0.45, which is cca 25% of the total value. CONCLUSIONS: The BP/V index must be assessed always by the same method with maximum accuracy. When presenting results or comparing results of different departments, the method of calculation must be stated.     

Prediction of the rational hardness of large work and backup rolls in sheet mills

A procedure for the calculation of the rational relationship between the hardnesses of the large work and backup rolls in sheet mills is proposed using the dependence obtained from an analysis of the relation between the contact fatigue of steel rolls of various diameters.     

Internal Forces for Statically Indeterminate Structures Having Different Moduli in Tension and Compression

When a different tension-compression elastic modulus is introduced into the statically indeterminate structure, the flexural rigidity EI is no longer a constant, which is different from that of classic mechanics, but becomes the function of the internal force, the calculation of the internal force in the structure is a nonlinear problem. In light of this, the formula of internal force in statically indeterminate structures with different moduli has been deduced, the iterative program for calculating nonlinear internal force developed, and examples analyzed. Finally, we put forth reasonable suggestions for calculating this kind of structure and a new idea in optimizing the structures by using different modulus characters. A new and simple analytical-iterative method has been provided for calculating practical engineering problems by using different-modulus theory. This is different from the previous complete numerical solution, which characterizes complex calculation procedure, heavy calculation work, and slow convergence speed. Moreover, a new perspective has been provided for studying the mechanics characters of composite materials.     

Effect of sliding and rolling friction on the energy-force parameters during hot rolling in four-high stands

A procedure for the calculation of the main-drive power for a hot-rolling wide-strip mill is developed. It takes into account that 85–99% of the lengths of the deformation zones in the working stands of such mills are occupied by stick zones, in which a strip undergoes static friction stresses (which do useful work only in the backward slip zone). This procedure also takes into account the rolling friction energy losses, which account for 83–93% of the power consumed for the rotation of idle backup rolls or 29–68% of the total energy consumed by the main mill drive. The average power calculation error for this procedure is 5%, and the maximum error is 10%, which is three to five times smaller than the errors of well-known calculation procedures. Our procedure has a high potential for revealing the reserves of decreasing the contact stresses in rolls and the saving of electric power via the redistribution of the reductions and tensions between stands and an increase in the temperature of the semi-finished rolled products.