Si掺杂对Al-Ti-N涂层的结构、力学性能和抗氧化性能的影响

采用阴极弧蒸发技术在Al2O3、低合金钢和硬质合金刀片上沉积Ti与Al原子比相近的Al-Ti-N和Al-Ti-Si-N涂层,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、纳米压痕、划痕实验和氧化实验,研究Si掺杂对Al-Ti-N涂层的结构、力学性能和抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:Al-Ti-N涂层为以立方为主的立方和六方的两相结构,Si掺杂可降低TiN中Al的固溶度,使涂层转化为以六方为主的六方和立方的两相结构;Si的加入导致涂层硬度由34.5 GPa降到28.7 GPa;Si掺杂引起涂层的应力增加,从而导致涂层与基体的结合强度降低;Al-Ti-N涂层的抗氧化性能随Si的加入而显著改善,抗氧化温度提高到1 000℃以上。     

TiN/AlTiN纳米多层涂层组织与性能的研究

采用阴极弧蒸发涂层工艺在硬质合金基体上沉积了TiN/AlTiN纳米多层涂层。利用光学显微镜、SEM、XRD、显微硬度计和划痕测试仪、纳米压痕仪,分析了涂层的组织形貌、纳米调制周期、化学成分、物相组成、结合强度和硬度,并对涂层硬质合金刀片进行了铣削合金钢的切削性能测试。研究结果表明:TiN/AlTiN纳米多层涂层具有致密的柱状晶结构,保留了AlTiN单层涂层的(200)择优取向。大尺寸熔滴Ti含量高、小尺寸熔滴Al含量高,涂层中Al含量低于靶材。调制周期为18.4 nm的TiN/AlTiN纳米多层涂层具有良好的结合强度(100 N)和高的硬度(28.2 GPa)。相同涂层厚度的情况下,TiN/AlTiN纳米多层涂层具有比同类单层涂层更高的耐磨性,表现出更好的切削性能。     

TiAlN涂层制备过程中Ti,Al元素存在形式的演变分析

采用目前商用原子比为Ti50Al50的合金靶材,利用磁控溅射工艺,在硬质合金基体上沉积TiAl和TiAlN涂层。借助扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射仪(XRD)对Ti,Al元素在靶材和涂层中的存在形式作了分析,利用洛氏硬度试验机和纳米硬度仪对涂层的结合强度和硬度等力学性能做了测试分析。结果表明:Ti,Al元素在TiAl合金靶材中以纯Ti相和纯Al相存在,其中Ti原子颗粒镶嵌在Al原子的基体中;在TiAl涂层中以纯Ti单质相和Ti3Al合金相存在;在TiAlN涂层中以面心立方TiN相和密排六方AlN相存在。在涂层的制备过程中,靶材的溅射阶段属于靶材金属离子的产生过程,Ti,Al两种元素由靶材中双单质相结构转变为具有一定能量的离子流状态;涂层的沉积阶段属于Ti,Al两种元素的重新结合状态,无反应气体参与情况下形成合金化结构,反应气体的参与下Ti原子与N原子结合成TiN相,Al以置换TiN晶格中的Ti原子存在。Ti,Al元素的氮化作用导致涂层力学性能发生了变化,涂层硬度由12.8 GPa提高到23.5 GPa;涂层的结合强度由HF-1变为HF-2,均具有较好的结合强度。     

AlTiCrN涂层结合界面组织特征与结合性能

以Ti、Al和Cr为靶材,采用阴极离子镀在YT14硬质合金刀具表面制备一层AlTiCrN涂层,通过扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪分析了其表面和界面形貌、化学元素组成和物相,并用线扫描和面扫描研究了涂层中化学元素在结合界面处扩散机理.用划痕法表征其界面层结合强度,对界面结合机理进行了讨论.AlTiCrN涂层的物相主要以AlN、CrN和TiN为主,涂层在(111)晶面具有很强的择优取向.涂层中Al、Ti、Cr和N原子数分数高于基体,在结合界面处呈阶梯状过渡分布,基体中C原子扩散进入TiN、AlN和CrN晶格点阵中,形成明显的扩散层.涂层结合界面为机械+扩散形式,其结合方式主要是由吸附结合、扩散结合和化合结合方式组成.划痕过程中涂层经历弹性变形、塑性变形和涂层剥离三个阶段,界面结合强度为59.2N.      

TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN CVD多层涂层硬质合金的氧化行为

采用高温化学气相沉积(HT-CVD)和中温化学气相沉积(MT-CVD)相结合的复合化学气相沉积新技术在硬质合金基体WC-(W,Ti)C-(Ta,Nb)C-6%Co上分别沉积TiN/TiCN/TiN和TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN涂层,制备TiN/TiCN/TiN和TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN CVD多层涂...     

硬质合金复合涂层的结合强度与失效机理

通过4种硬质合金基体和3种TiN/TiCN/Al<,2>O<,3>TiN复合涂层的组合,采用化学气相沉积(CVD)法制备12种涂层顾质合金样品,借助划痕试验机、扫描电镜和能谱仪测定涂层与基体的结合强度,观察划痕的形貌,测定划痕的微区成分.结果表明,基体成分和WC的晶粒度,以及涂层的成分和厚度对涂层与基体的结合强度有明显...     

反应等离子喷涂TiN-Al3Ti-Al复相陶瓷涂层的研究

采用反应等离子喷涂法制备了TiN—Al3Ti—Al复相陶瓷涂层，并通过XRD、SEM对复相涂层进行了相分析、表面形貌分析。结果表明，涂层主要由TiN、Al3Ti、Al等三相组成；涂层的结构为富硬质相和富软质相堆叠在一起的层状组织。显微压痕和断口形貌的分析结果还表明，复相涂层的韧性较Al2O3涂层有着明显提高。     

TiAl基合金高温抗氧化研究进展

综述了TiAl基合金高温抗氧化研究进展,包括TiAl基合金氧化热力学/动力学、氧化膜组成和结构及其形成过程,以及提高合金高温抗氧化性的措施。研究结果表明,TiAl基合金高温氧化动力学一般遵循抛物线规律,且受到合金相组成和组织形貌的影响。氧化膜由外向内,主要呈TiO_2/Al_2O_3/Al_2O_3+TiO_2结构,氧化膜与基体界面处易形成降低合金抗氧化性的Z相(Ti_5Al_3O_2)和氮化产物(TiN,Ti_2AlN)。TiAl基合金中添加适量的Nb,Y,Si,Cr,Mo等元素,在改善力学性能的同时,可明显降低合金高温氧化增重。采用表面处理技术,包括表面离子注入、表面渗透扩散处理以及磷化处理等,可在合金表面形成保护层,显著提高TiAl基合金高温抗氧化性能,然而保护层的稳定性尚需提高。采用涂层技术,包括富Al涂层、陶瓷涂层以及新兴的复合涂层等,可有效地阻止氧向内扩散,抑制TiAl基合金在高温下的氧化行为。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Al_2O_3涂层及其对Ti6Al4V基合金的高温氧化防护性能

以Al(OC3H7)3(异丙醇铝)为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法于Ti6Al4V基合金表面制备了不同厚度的Al2O3涂层。经SEM和XRD分析表明,涂层表面均匀、无裂纹,主要由非晶态Al2O3组成。研究了涂层对Ti6Al4V基合金等温(600℃和700℃)氧化行为的影响。结果表明,0.8μm厚涂层对合金的高温氧化防护性能最优。于700℃空气中等温氧化20 h,涂层样和空白样抛物线氧化速率常数分别为7.60×10-11、1.46×10-10g2/(cm4.s);涂层样氧化膜TiO2含量明显低于空白样;Al2O3涂层有效抑制了合金表面氧化膜的剥落和开裂;涂层样氧化膜厚度仅为空白样的1/2。     

Ce对IF钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用向IF钢中添加微量Ce元素的方法,研究不同Ce含量对IF钢组织和性能的影响。借助于金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪和万能拉伸试验机等检测手段,对添加Ce的IF钢的显微组织、夹杂物和力学性能进行了表征和分析。结果表明,IF钢中加入微量Ce可明显改善钢的显微组织,晶粒得到细化,且随着Ce含量的增加,分布更加均匀;同时钢中夹杂物得到变性,由原来多边形的Al2O3和TiN复合夹杂转变为椭球状或球状的含Al、Ti的稀土复合夹杂。钢中Ce含量达到0.0042%时,其抗拉强度、屈服强度、延伸率及洛氏硬度比未加Ce的IF钢分别提高了44%、37%、13%和59%。     

Study on Anticorrosive Cerium Conversion Coating of Cf/6061Al Composite Surface

The optimum chemical passivation process of the rare earth metal (REM) conversion coating on the Cf/6061Al composite surface was introduced in this paper and its polarization curves properties were investigated. Ridge-like coatings were found by scanning electro microscope (SEM) observations, and the Al matrix and carbon fibre reinforcement were both coated with Ce conversion coatings, with some minor cracks. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) plane scan analysis indicates that the major elements in the coating are Ce, O, Si, Al and the Ce content reaches 47.48%(mass fraction). The Ce conversion coatings increase the corrosion resisting properties of Cf/6061Al composite, with a higher free corrosion potential (Ecorr) and a lower free corrosion current density (icorr) for the coated composite than those of the bare composite. And the Boehmite-treatment would enhance the corrosion resistance of the REM conversion coating. The cathodic polarization and anodic polarization were retarded by REM conversion coating, resulting in an improved corrosion resistance.     

低压冷喷涂铸造缺陷修复涂层性能研究

低压冷喷涂(LPCS)是一种拥有便携式冷喷涂系统的涂层技术。例如DYMET304K系统就应用于这项涂层技术中。通常情况下,压缩空气作为冷喷涂工艺中的运载气体。低压冷喷涂适用于喷涂金属基陶瓷复合粉末,如Cu基、Ni基、Zn基、Al基添加Al2O3粉的复合粉。硬质陶瓷相主要起到清洁喷嘴、增加表面活性和喷丸强化的作用,该方法在尺寸修复领域中具有优势。在这个领域里,修复铸造加工中的缺陷和气孔是一个很热门的应用。例如,Zn基复合材料就适用于防止电化学腐蚀和修复机械损伤造成的尺寸差异。本文对Zn+Al+Al2O3,Zn+Cu+Al2O3和Zn+Ni+Al2O3等复合材料做了实验研究。Zn和Al在腐蚀环境中起到阴极保护的作用,而Cu和Ni也有助于提高材料的机械性能。经过对微观孔蚀电位反应和力学性能(硬度和结合强度)的研究发现,涂层具有相对致密的结构和耐蚀性能。Zn在复合涂层中对其它金属起到阴极保护的作用。此外,在Fe52型铁基材料上的涂层有着足够的力学性能,硬度和结合强度较高。这一类涂层在修复宏观的铸造缺陷上具有很高的潜在应用价值。     

大气等离子喷涂制备Al_2O_3阻氚渗透涂层研究

在金属结构件上制备陶瓷阻氚渗透涂层是先进核反应堆的关键技术之一。本文采用大气等离子喷涂的方法在316L不锈钢上制备了Al2O3/NiCrAlY涂层,通过XRD、FESEM研究了Al2O3喷涂粉末和涂层特性,并对涂层的结合强度、阻氢渗透性能进行研究。实验结果表明:以α-Al2O3为主相的造粒粉末喷涂后,涂层沉积过程中产生部分γ-Al2O3;涂层体系各层界面结合良好,Al2O3层和NiCrAlY层之间的平均结合强度达到34.7MPa;600℃时Al2O3涂层的阻氢渗透因子为5065,氢渗透率降低3个数量级,Al2O3涂层具有良好的阻氢氚渗透效果。     

Al2O3含量对Ni-W-Al2O3复合镀层性能的影响

采用直流电沉积技术在45#钢基体上制备Ni-W-Al2O3复合镀层,通过显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机、划痕仪等研究Al2O3颗粒含量对复合镀层的力学性能及摩擦磨损性能等的影响,并用SEM、XRD对复合镀层的表面断面形貌、物相结构进行分析.结果表明,Ni-W-Al2O3复合镀层为晶态结构,其耐磨性能明显优于Ni-W镀层,且随着Al2O3颗粒含量的增加,复合镀层的摩擦系数呈现出先减小后增大趋势.磨损形式主要表现为粘着磨损与磨粒磨损.复合镀层与基体之间结合牢固,结合力大小约为70~80 N.当Al2O3含量为5 g/L时,复合镀层的综合性能最优.     

CVD法制备ZrC涂层与ZrC-TaC共沉积涂层的烧蚀性能

采用ZrCl_4-CH_4-H2-Ar与ZrCl_4-TaCl_5-CH_4-H_2-Ar反应体系,用化学气相沉积(CVD)制备ZrC涂层与ZrC-TaC共沉积涂层,并对其进行氧-乙炔焰烧蚀试验研究。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等分析技术对烧蚀前后ZrC与ZrC-TaC共沉积涂层的相组成及微观结构进行表征,并分析2种涂层的烧蚀机理。结果表明:ZrC涂层为细柱状晶体组织,ZrC-TaC共沉积涂层为ZrC与TaC成分周期性波动自组装多层复合结构,具有良好的组织结构可控性。经过60s氧-乙炔焰烧蚀试验,ZrC-TaC复相涂层表现出良好的抗热震性和整体完整性,与基体连接良好,无剥蚀和脱落,烧蚀性能明显优于单一ZrC涂层的烧蚀性能。ZrC-TaC复合涂层线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为5.3×10-5mm/s和3.2×10-5g/s,表现出良好的抗烧蚀性能。     

稀土对等离子束表面冶金涂层组织的影响及热力学分析

 采用直流放电压缩电弧等离子束表面冶金技术，在Q235钢表面制备了添加混合稀土氧化物的铁基合金涂层，研究了稀土对等离子束表面冶金涂层组织的影响。结果表明：添加适量的混合稀土氧化物可有效改善冶金涂层的组织和性能。另外，采用热力学方法，分析了稀土氧化物对冶金层中夹杂物的变质作用。分析结果表明：在冶金熔池中，稀土氧化物(Ce2O3)可以被碳还原为稀土元素，这些稀土元素与氧、硫反应生成稀土硫氧化物，起到脱氧、脱硫和净化熔池的效果，从而抑制冶金层中凝固裂纹的形成。     

Synthesis and cyclic oxidation behavior of a (Ni, Pt) Al coating on a desulfurized Ni-base superalloy

The influences of sulfur impurities and Pt incorporation on the scale adhesion behavior of aluminide coatings were studied and compared. Low-sulfur NiAl coatings were prepared on a desulfurized, yttrium-free, single-crystal Ni-based superalloy by a modified version of a conventional aluminizing procedure based on chemical vapor deposition. The sulfur level in the resulting NiAl coatings was measured to be less than ∼0.5 ppmw by glow-discharge mass spectroscopy. Platinum-modified aluminide coatings were synthesized by first electroplating a thin layer of Pt (∼7 μm) on the superalloy, followed by the same low-sulfur aluminizing procedure. The measured sulfur content in the (Ni, Pt)Al coating was substantially higher than that of the low-sulfur NiAl coating due to contamination during the Pt electroplating process. A very adherent α-Al₂O₃ scale formed on the grain surfaces of the low-sulfur NiAl coating during cyclic oxidation testing at 1150 °C, but scale spallation eventually occurred over many of the NiAl grain boundaries. In contrast, despite the higher level of sulfur in the (Ni Pt)Al coating, a very adherent scale was formed over both the coating grain surfaces and grain boundaries during thermal cycling. These results suggest that Pt additions can mitigate the detrimental influence of sulfur on scale adhesion.     

Composition,structure, and properties of SHS-compacted cathodes of the Ti-C-Al-Si system and vacuum-arc coatings obtained from them

The phase composition, structure, and properties of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS)-compacted materials of the Ti-C-Al-Si system are investigated. It is shown that metal-like titanium compounds can be used as cathodes for vacuum-arc evaporators. The coatings fabricated from SHS cathodes are single-phase and represent cubic titanium nitride of the (Ti, Al, Si)N composition. The volume of a microdrop phase in them is smaller by a factor of 2.5–3.0 as compared with TiN, while their microstructure is not fragmented into low-strength columnar elements; the CSR size is twice smaller than that of titanium nitride. Being approximately identically hard, the (Ti, Al, Si)N coatings substantially surpass TiN coatings in elastic and plastic failure resistance due to the lower elasticity modulus. When milling the tungsten-copper alloy, the hardness of hard-alloy milling cutters with the (Ti, Al, Si)N coating is higher by a factor of 2.4 than with the TiN coating fabricated from the titanium cathode with the magnetic plasma flow separation.     

激光熔覆IMC涂层的热疲劳性能

研究了激光熔覆和Ｎｉ－Ａｌ合金涂层及（Ｎｉ－Ａｌ）＋ＷＣ复合涂层的热疲劳性能。结果表明，涂层疲劳损伤形式为沿晶应力（氧化）腐蚀。腐蚀产物为Ａｌ２Ｏ３。每次热循环后，熔覆层中的最终残余应力是残余热应力和相变应力共同作用的结果。由于复合涂层中的残余应力为压应力，而合金涂层中的残余应力为拉应力，因此前热疲劳性能优于后者。     

State‐of‐the‐Knowledge on Coating Systems for Hot Stamped Parts

In the present contribution, recent developments of coatings for hot stamped steels are reviewed. The use of bare steel in the initial hot stamping technology is discussed, including the application of lubricant oils which are used as oxidation inhibitors on bare steel surfaces. The aluminized coatings are introduced, focusing on the microstructure evolution of aluminized coatings during the hot stamping process. An analysis of the cracking of the coating, caused by the formation of brittle Fe–Al intermetallic phases and their high temperature deformation, is presented. The development of a ductile aluminide coating formed during the diffusion treatment of an aluminized coating is discussed. This aluminide coating can endure both high temperature oxidation and severe plastic deformation. The recently developed galvanized and galvannealed coatings are also reviewed and the influence of the gas atmosphere during the heating cycle on the coating stability is emphasized. The solutions which have been proposed to avoid liquid Zn‐induced embrittlement are analyzed. The use of Zn–Ni alloy coating, which is characterized by a higher melting temperature, is reviewed. The behavior of sol–gel hybrid coatings on hot stamped steels is discussed. The possible use of the recently developed Al–Zn alloy coatings, dual layer Zn–Al and Zn–Al–Mg coatings is also introduced. The application of Zn–Al–Mg post‐process galvanizing is also discussed. In each case, all available information related to the weldability, paintability, and corrosion resistance of the coating systems is also reported. Finally, the advantages and technical challenges associated with each type of coating are reviewed.