LEC评价法在非煤矿山安全评价中的应用

介绍了非煤矿山安全评价方法的种类,阐述了作业条件危险性评价法(LEC).结合浙江省某非煤矿山的实际情况,选取该矿山容易发生事故的作业地点作为评价对象,用作业条件危险性评价法(LEC)对整个矿井系统进行了定量的评价,找出了该矿井的主要危险、有害因素和次要危险、有害因素.作业条件危险性评价法(LEC)是非煤矿山安全评价中最常用的定量评价方法之一,评价结论与矿山实际基本上是相符的.     

用LEC法量化PHA中危险等级的应用研究

介绍了预先危险性分析法（PHA）的应用步骤、实现方法，用作业条件危险性评价法（LEC）结合企业现状定性分析定量计算确定预先危险性分析中的危险等级，并以某矿山采矿方法的安全评价为例，具体说明了用LEC法确定危险等级的PHA法在工程中的应用。     

安钢35t转炉—连铸系统安全现状定量分析

本文采用“作业条件危险性分析法”对安钢35t转炉炼钢—连铸系统生产安全有明显威胁的作业条件进行危险性等级分析，从而找出整个过程中应特别关注、须采取有效措施加以安全防范的作业工序和操作岗位。     

高炉炉前作业危害辨识及安全管理

结合高炉炉前生产工艺特点,用LEC评价法对江苏沙钢集团锡兴特钢有限公司炼铁分厂高炉炉前作业条件危害(不包括机械、电气、起重等通常的人身伤害)进行了扼要的辨识和评价,并提出了炉前安全管理的建议。     

基于相对差异函数的金属矿采空区危险性识别

为了经济合理地治理金属矿采空区,建立了相对差异函数的采空区危险性识别模型。首先建立含14个指标的采空区危险性识别指标体系,并采用相对差异函数确定评价指标对评价级别的相对隶属度和熵权法、层次分析法（AHP）确定评价指标的组合权重;然后计算采空区危险性对评价级别的综合相对隶属度和级别特征值;最后根据级别特征值的平均值确定采空区的危险性级别。将该模型运用于某锡矿山8个采空区的危险性评价识别中,确定了各采空区的危险性级别,识别结果与未确知测度理论法识别结果相一致,符合现场实际。研究结果表明：该模型可通过自身参数的4种组合来提高采空区危险性识别结果的可靠性,为采空区危险性识别提供了一种新的方法。     

地质灾害危险性评价体系的构建

地质灾害危险性评价方法极多,随着科技的发展,地质灾害危险性评价方法逐渐向综合化发展,且作用日益加强,故而对地质灾害危险性评价的理论与方法进行探究。首先介绍了地质灾害危险性评价的作用及研究现状;其次指出了当前不同的地质灾害评价方法的目的及内容;再次通过分析提出地质灾害危险性评价的类型及构建危险性评价体系;最后在研究的基础上指出地质灾害危险性评价方法的发展趋势。     

甘肃省西部地区矿山地质灾害危险性分区评价方法研究

为研究甘肃省西部地区矿山发生地质灾害的危险性,设计一种危险性分区评价方法。首先针对矿山实际情况进行评价因子提取,选择包括灾害点密度在内的10个评价因子,随后对上述评价因子进行危险性分级,根据研究区的实际情况确定评价因子权重,最后引入灰色聚类和划分栅格设计危险性分区评价流程,评价结果显示,设计的评价方法具有一定可靠性。     

基于地貌单元的小区地质灾害易发性分区方法研究

本文从柳州周边地貌为研究对象分析,以栅格单元和地貌单元作为评价标准,根据信息量法和逻辑回归方式进行研究地质灾害,通过对结果研究,在一定区域内可以基于地貌单元体现的局部综合特性,可以很好评价地质灾害实际分布,根据层次分析进行明显数学逻辑使用效率研究,根据地貌单元对于地质灾害评价,同时可以很好区分地貌的适用性,在一定比例地质灾害容易发生危险地方进行合理类推。     

转炉煤气储存系统的火灾爆炸危险性评价

在对某厂5万m3转炉煤气储存系统所存在的主要危险因素分析基础上,运用美国道化学公司的火灾爆炸危险指数评价方法（第七版）,对其火灾爆炸危险性进行了定量计算和评价.评价结果表明,该储存系统的火灾爆炸指数为97,即危险等级为中等.为降低该储存系统的火灾爆炸危险性,提出了切实可行的安全措施进行补偿.补偿的结果表明,其火灾爆炸危险性大大降低.     

基于爆炸参数的硫化矿尘云爆炸风险评估

基于20 L球形爆炸装置与G-G炉实验获得的不同硫化矿尘的爆炸特性参数,运用风险矩阵对矿尘爆炸严重程度及敏感性进行分级。根据分级结果建立矿尘爆炸危险性评估的二维矩阵模型,并对不同硫化矿尘样品进行危险性评价。结果表明,硫化矿尘爆炸危险性受粒径及含硫量的共同影响,其中含硫量对爆炸危险性影响效果更明显,当粒径为75 μm,含硫量由36.90%降低至17.12%时,爆炸危险性由A级下降至D级;含硫量在20%~35%,粒径由25 μm增加至75 μm时,爆炸危险性由B级下降至C级。硫化矿尘爆炸风险矩阵评价系统可对含硫矿山爆炸风险进行评估,为矿山粉尘爆炸预防及风险防控提供理论依据。      

Workshop report. Health risks of drinking water chlorination by-products: report of an expert working group

Studies of water chlorination by-products have suggested a possible increased risk of bladder and colon cancers, as well as adverse reproductive and developmental effects such as increased spontaneous abortion rates and fetal anomalies. A workshop for an expert working group was convened to advise Health Canada on the need for further action. Participants were given background papers and a set of key questions to review prior to the meeting. At the workshop, experts presented an overview of what was known to date on water chlorination by-products from toxicologic studies, epidemiologic studies of cancer and adverse reproductive/developmental effects, and risk assessment. This paper summarizes the information provided in the background papers and presentations, describes the consensus arrived at regarding assessment of evidence for level of risk and presents a number of suggestions for future research.     

Managing suicide risk in primary care: Practice recommendations for behavioral health consultants.

Psychologists working in primary care clinics can have a significant positive impact on preventing suicide. For psychologists working within the behavioral health consultant (BHC) model in primary care, however, the issue of how to appropriately manage suicide risk within this model has yet to be adequately addressed. Given the time-limited and focused nature of the BHC model, it is important to establish a framework for psychologists to provide adequate care that is practical within this model of health care. This article offers 26 empirically supported recommendations for suicide screening, accurate and time-efficient risk assessment, and effective risk management strategies, as well as suggestions for consultation with primary care physicians, all of which are consistent with the BHC model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于多因素模糊综合评价的某铁矿采空区危险度评定

根据模糊数学的原理,以影响采空区稳定性的地质和水文条件、采空区特征参数及其他等3种因素共16项因子为指标集,同时以我国矿山采空区稳定性的5个评价等级为评价集,对各因素之间权重按多因素两两对比法来确定,在此基础上建立了采空区危险度评定的多因素模糊综合评价模型.并以该评定模型对某铁矿420中段至460中段的采空区进行了危险度评定,评定结果为该采空区处于危险度较高的第Ⅱ级.     

Vulnerability-Based Risk Assessment for Stream Instability at Bridges

The Federal Highway Administration recommends that stream stability analyses at bridges over water begin with a Level 1 assessment. Following this assessment of the physical condition of the stream in the vicinity of the bridge, the user must determine whether or not the relative risk is low. If it is low, then no action is needed. If the risk is greater than low, then a Level 2 analysis is recommended; however, no method is given for determining the risk. In this paper, the relative risk of unsatisfactory conditions at bridge foundations is assessed as a simple function of vulnerability and criticality. Vulnerability is based on a stream stability assessment and data from the National Bridge Inventory (NBI). Criticality is determined indirectly as a function of the bridge serviceability and cost by using data extracted from the NBI. Relative risk is then qualitatively determined by combining vulnerability and criticality. Three examples in central Pennsylvania are provided in which the relative level of risk is used to determine the need for a Level 2 analysis.     

The scientific trends and tasks in occupational physiology today

Evaluating a human during occupational activities, occupational physiology should put emphasis on two principal and cooperated directions. Those are aimed to minimize occupational risk, preservation of working capacity, long occupational life and human health. The first direction is associated with theoretic and practical work on differential diagnosis of various functional systems: regulation of working strain, fatigue and tension. Work in this direction helps to solve such practical problems as rehabilitation and assessment of human resources, evaluation of occupational stress, design of automated monitoring systems, etc. The second direction covers hygienic regulation of occupational factors. Their intensity and duration should be assessed with consideration of age, personality and other traits of a worker. In addition, combined action of existing hazards and the new ones should be considered in formation of regulatory technology documents.     

Downside Risks in Construction Projects Developed by the Civil Service: The Case of Spain

The purpose of the work summarized here was to improve the efficiency of the construction project management processes performed by the Spanish civil service, identifying and analyzing the main risks in these kinds of projects, and also establishing potential risk responses. The scope of this effort included a list of 96 risk events, categorized and prioritized first by impact, then by frequency. The most relevant ones are related to issues such as an inadequate prequalification system, insufficient training of public servants, or political considerations prevailing over real needs, among others. A total of 117 potential risk responses were identified, categorized, and prioritized by potential efficiency and difficulty of implementation. Each risk event was associated to a set of potential responses. The paper includes the top 15 risk events with its main potential responses, including qualitative assessments. A survey was carried out among Spanish public servants working in construction projects, to validate risk identification and to obtain a qualitative assessment. Moreover, a Delphi analysis was developed to validate the risk response identification and obtain a qualitative assessment. One of the conclusions is that small and medium-sized Spanish civil service agencies should work toward increasing their maturity in managing projects and, mainly, project risks.     

Cancer risk assessment of extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields: a critical review of methodology

This review provides a discussion of cancer risk assessment methodology pertinent to developing a strategy for extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF). Approaches taken for chemical agents or ionizing radiation in six key topic areas are briefly reviewed, and then those areas are examined from the perspective of EMF, identifying issues to be addressed in developing a risk assessment strategy. The following recommendations are offered: 1) risk assessment should be viewed as an iterative process that informs an overall judgment as to health risk and consists of a complex of related activities incorporating both positive and negative data, tumor and nontumor end points, and human and nonhuman sources of information; 2) a hazard identification resulting in a conclusion of weak or null effects, such as may be associated with EMF, will need to assign significant weight to animal cancer bioassays conducted under defined exposure conditions as well as to human epidemiologic studies; 3) a default factor to account for possible age differences in sensitivity to carcinogenesis should be included in an EMF risk assessment; 4) lack of evidence of dose response and the apparent lack of DNA reactivity of EMF suggest that a safety (or uncertainty) factor or margin of exposure type of risk characterization may be most appropriate; and 5) an EMF risk assessment should permit at least tentative conclusions to be reached as to the limits of carcinogenic risk from exposure to EMF, and should also define an efficient research agenda aimed at clarifying uncertainties appropriate to a more complete assessment.     

Pregnancy and the working woman: a review

The potential impact of employment on pregnancy is an important issue that merits assessment, given the increasing numbers of women entering the labor force and continuing employment throughout pregnancy. A review of the literature evaluating the effects of employment on pregnancy is presented, including a brief historical and legal perspective, as well as employment statistics in the USA. There is emerging evidence from various studies suggesting that long working hours and prolonged standing may place a pregnancy at risk. Thus, physicians need to counsel their patients about these potential risks and provide recommendations for early modification of employment activities, in order to have a positive impact on pregnancy outcome.     

Psychosocial, behavioral, and health factors related to menopause symptomatology

California Proposition 65 (Prop65) provides a mechanism by which the manufacturer may perform a quantitative risk assessment to be used in determining the need for cancer warning labels. This paper presents a risk assessment under this regulation for professional and do-it-yourself insulation installers. It determines the level of insulation glass fiber exposure (specifically Owens Corning's R-25 PinkPlus with Miraflex) that, assuming a working lifetime exposure, poses no significant cancer risk under Prop65's regulations. "No significant risk" is defined under Prop65 as a lifetime risk of no more than one additional cancer case per 100,000 exposed persons, and nonsignificant exposure is defined as a working lifetime exposure associated with "no significant risk." This determination can be carried out despite the fact that the relevant underlying studies (i.e., chronic inhalation bioassays) of comparable glass wool fibers do not show tumorigenic activity. Nonsignificant exposures are estimated from (1) the most recent RCC chronic inhalation bioassay of nondurable fiberglass in rats; (2) intraperitoneal fiberglass injection studies in rats; (3) a distributional, decision analysis approach applied to four chronic inhalation rat bioassays of conventional fiberglass; (4) an extrapolation from the RCC chronic rat inhalation bioassay of durable refractory ceramic fibers; and (5) an extrapolation from the IOM chronic rat inhalation bioassay of durable E glass microfibers. When the EPA linear nonthreshold model is used, central estimates of nonsignificant exposure range from 0.36 fibers/cc (for the RCC chronic inhalation bioassay of fiberglass) through 21 fibers/cc (for the i.p. fiberglass injection studies). Lower 95% confidence bounds on these estimates vary from 0.17 fibers/cc through 13 fibers/cc. Estimates derived from the distributional approach or from applying the EPA linear nonthreshold model to chronic bioassays of durable fibers such as refractory ceramic fiber or E glass microfibers are intermediate to the other approaches. Estimates based on the Weibull 1.5-hit nonthreshold and 2-hit threshold models exceed by at least a factor of 10 the corresponding EPA linear nonthreshold estimates. The lowest nonsignificant exposures derived in this assessment are at least a factor of two higher than field exposures measured for professionals installing the R-25 fiberglass insulation product and are orders of magnitude higher than the estimated lifetime exposures for do-it-yourselfers.     

Workplace bullying: The role of psychosocial work environment factors.

Utilizing reports from both observers and direct targets, the authors examined the role of psychosocial work environment factors in workplace bullying, focusing on the moderating effects of control and support resources against job demands. Our sample was 716 Australian frontline police officers who completed an anonymous mail survey. In a direct test of Job Demand-Control-Support theory, the authors found that increased levels of bullying (as assessed by targets and observers) were associated with potentially high stress situations: as job demands increased and as support and control resources decreased. Also, consistent with previous research, most perpetrators were ranked higher than the target, reflecting the role of power in facilitating bullying. Our research is unique in finding evidence for moderating factors within the psychosocial environment and suggests risk assessment of the work environment as an avenue for bullying prevention. Future research should examine more closely the mechanisms underlying bullying within stressful work environments and the reciprocal effect of witnessing and experiencing bullying on psychosocial working conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)