高温时效对铁素体不锈钢组织和性能的影响

通过金相、SEM和EDS等技术,研究了900 ℃下不同时效时间对超纯铁素体不锈钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,439钢种高温时效对Ti(C,N)析出作用较小,晶界析出相TiN较少,晶粒粗化严重,塑性较低;441钢种高温时效会沿着晶界析出Fe2Nb(Laves)相,析出数量较多,晶粒较细小,但由于Fe2Nb(Laves)相沿晶界呈网状分布,对材料塑性影响较大;444钢种高温时效会在晶界和晶内析出Fe3(Nb,Mo)3C,析出数量较少,第二相钉扎作用较弱,部分晶粒出现异常长大,由于Fe3(Nb,Mo)3C析出相未呈网状分布,断后伸长率高于441钢种。     

固溶温度对双相不锈钢00Cr25Ni7Mo3N组织及力学性能的影响

通过00Cr25Ni7Mo3N室温冲击和拉伸试验,并利用金相图像分析,研究不同固溶温度下00Cr25Ni7Mo3N双相不锈钢的组织及力学性能的变化.在试验条件下,900-980℃固溶温度范围内,在奥氏体与铁素体相界析出大量σ相,导致钢的塑性与韧性显著下降;固溶温度高于1 000℃后,随着固溶温度的升高,σ相渐渐溶解,α...     

固溶时效处理对粉末冶金不锈钢33Cr9Ni2Mo0.96N组织的影响

采用电子探针、XRD和透射电镜等研究了热等静压态、固溶态、固溶+时效处理过程中,粉末冶金不锈钢33Cr9Ni2Mo0.96N第二相的析出行为。结果表明:热等静压态的33Cr9Ni2Mo0.96N组织主要由γ+Cr2N+σ组成,经过固溶淬火后,组织主要由奥氏体+少量铁素体组成,经500℃和600℃时效后,33Cr9Ni2Mo0.96N中没有观察到第二相析出,经700℃时效,残余铁素体转变为σ相,同时在奥氏体晶粒及晶界处也开始析出σ相,经过800℃时效,有大量的Cr2N沿晶界析出,然后向晶内长大,经900℃时效后,Cr2N不断向晶内生长,最终几乎布满整个晶粒,而σ相趋于稳定。     

固溶处理对00Cr27Ni7Mo5N不锈钢的组织及力学性能的影响

 研究了不同固溶处理温度对特超级双相不锈钢00Cr27Ni7Mo5N组织及力学性能的影响。采用光镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、显微硬度、冲击和拉伸测试等手段研究σ相的析出规律及其对力学性能的影响。运用Thermo-Calc热力学软件计算00Cr27Ni7Mo5N相含量随温度的变化,并与测试结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明,当固溶温度在800～1050℃之间,00Cr27Ni7Mo5N有大量金属间化合物σ相析出,导致钢的强度和硬度增加,塑韧性显著下降。当固溶温度在1070～1200℃时,钢中σ相溶解,钢的塑韧性提高,硬度下降。1100℃固溶处理时,00Cr27Ni7Mo5N具有最佳的综合力学性能。     

铌、钛对汽车排气系统热端用铁素体不锈钢高温力学性能的影响

对含铌及Nb-Ti铁素体不锈钢进行固溶和高温时效处理,采用高温拉伸试验对其进行高温力学测试.结果表明:随着时效时间的延长,铌钢高温屈服强度降低较快,而Nb-Ti钢高温屈服强度变化不大.采用相分析、扫描电镜、透射电镜对固溶铌及微观结构进行分析,发现时效过程中固溶铌含量均降低,含铌及Nb-Ti钢500h时效后固溶铌相差不大,铌钢中析出相主要是NbN相和M6C相(Fe3Nb3C),Ti-Nb钢主要析出相是NbTi(C,N)相和Laves相(Fe2Nb).长时间时效后,M6C相和Laves相严重粗化且分布变化明显.M6C相粗化后观察不到沿晶界连续分布,而Laves相粗化后主要在晶界连续分布,起到强化晶界的作用.     

固溶温度对超级双相不锈钢S32750板材组织和耐蚀性的影响

研究了920～1100℃固溶处理温度对S32750钢中板(%:0.022C、25.35Cr、7.17 Ni、4.05Mo、0.28N)组织和6%FeCl₃+0.05NHCl溶液耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,≤1000℃固溶处理时,钢中析出脆性σ-相,铁素体含量≤11%,钢的硬度增加,钢的塑性、韧性和耐蚀性急剧下降,于1050～1100℃固溶处理,钢中组织为46%～47%铁素体+奥氏体组织,具有良好的综合力学性能和高的耐蚀性。     

铌、钛对445M铁素体不锈钢韧性的影响

 通过真空冶炼、锻造、热轧和不同固溶处理温度试验制备出含有不同微合金元素含量的445M铁素体不锈钢，结合其冲击试验，运用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪等分析方法，探讨了微合金化对其韧性的影响。结果表明：化学元素铌和钛的加入，在晶粒内部和晶界上形成了TiN、NbC和(Nb，Ti)(C，N)析出相，稳定了钢中的碳、氮元素，防止由铬的碳氮化物析出而引起的晶间腐蚀，但对钢的冲击韧性有一定影响。采用单铌作为稳定化元素钢的冲击韧性优于单钛稳定钢；添加少量的钛，采用Nb+Ti双稳定钢，也可获得优异的冲击韧性，并且能够降低生产成本。     

新型耐蚀超级奥氏体不锈钢中的高温析出相

 为了改善新型耐蚀超级奥氏体不锈钢的热处理工艺,用SEM,TEM和XRD测试方法对该钢高温固溶处理后析出相的分布、形貌及类型进行了观察、分析和研究。结果表明：这种新型耐蚀超级奥氏体不锈钢经高温固溶处理后,晶内析出的针状或块状第二相为σ相和碳化物(Fe,Cr,Mo)6C,晶界析出相主要是呈链状的σ相。     

固溶处理对超级双相不锈钢S32750组织和性能的影响

研究了950～1 200℃60 min水冷的固溶处理对超级双相不锈钢S32750(/%:0.02C、0.49Si、1.03Mn、0.026S、0.001P、25.01 Cr、7.03Ni、3.80Mo、0.29N)12 mm板的组织、力学性能和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,随固溶温度升高,钢中铁素体相增加,奥氏体相减少;在950℃加热时铁素体中析出大量σ-相,使钢的性能恶化,在1 050～1 100℃固溶处理后,钢中铁素体相和奥氏体相各占50%, S32750钢具有较好的综合力学性能和优良的耐蚀性能。     

固溶温度对超级双相不锈钢$32750板材组织和耐蚀性的影响

研究了920～1100℃固溶处理温度对S32750钢中板（％：0．022C、25．35Cr、7．17Ni、4．05Mo、0．28N）组织和6％FeCl3＋0．05NHCl溶液耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,≤1000℃固溶处理时,钢中析出脆性σ-相,铁素体含量≤11％,钢的硬度增加,钢的塑性、韧性和耐蚀性急剧下降,于1050-1100℃固溶处理,钢中组织为46％-47％铁素体＋奥氏体组织,具有良好的综合力学性能和高的耐蚀性。     

445J2超纯铁素体不锈钢和316L超低碳奥氏体不锈钢在溴化锂溶液的点蚀分析

445J2铁素体不锈钢由于高的导热率、低的热膨胀系数以及良好的耐蚀性能使得其作为溴冷机中一些部件的良好候选材料,本文采用电化学测试方法对比研究了445J2超纯铁素体不锈钢(/%:0.01C,22.5Cr, 1.9Mo, 0.27Nb, 0.20Ti, 0.09Al, 0.36Cu, 0.015P,0.001S,0.015N)和316L奥氏体不锈钢(/%:0.002C,16.8Cr, 10.19Ni, 2.02Mo, 0.025P,0.0008S)在20～60℃0.1～1M的溴化锂溶液中的点蚀行为,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)对电化学结果进行表征。结果表明,随着LiBr温度和浓度的升高,两种钢腐蚀电流密度增大,点蚀电位降低,耐点蚀性变差;氧化物和硫化物夹杂会引起两种钢的点蚀;高含量的Cr以及Mo、Ti、Nb、Al等合金元素使445J2钢具有优异的耐点蚀性能。     

Effect of Nb and Ti on second-phase precipitation and mechanical properties of 430 ferritic stainless steel

The influence of Ti and Nb on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and second-phase precipitation of 430 ferritic stainless steel was investigated.In addition to optical microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses,tensile tests,and carbonitride extraction experiments were conducted to investigate the microscopic mechanisms.The results showed that the primary precipitates in SUS 430 ferritic stainless steel were Cr_(23)C_6,Mn_(23)C_6,and Cr_7C_3,and the primary strengthening mechanism was precipitation strengthening.When Ti was added separately,the main precipitates were TiC and TiN.However,coarse TiC adversely affected the mechanical properties of steel.When double-stabilized with Ti and Nb,coarse TiC was replaced by fine NbC.The type of precipitation was altered,and precipitation and solid solution strengthening occurred.Therefore,the tensile strength and plastic strain ratio(r-value) improved to 433.60 MPa and 1.37,respectively.     

COREX—learnings and innovations at JSW Steel Limited

Ultra pure ferritic stainless steel is a kind of new stainless steel grade with high quality developed in the mid-twentieth century,it is characterized by ultra low Carbon and Nitrogen content and micro-alloying with Ti, Nb,V,Cu etc.,so it overcomes a lot of use shortcomings of the ordinary ferritic stainless steel,such as intergranular corrosion sensitivity,low ductility and toughness under atmosphere temperature,crack inclining at the weld zone etc.,namely,it has better performance than the ordinary fe...     

Characterisation of precipitates formed in 26% Cr super ferritic stainless steel

In this study, a newly designed super ferritic stainless steel, 26Cr–4Mo–2Ni, was developed and heated to 800°C for different durations to study the precipitation behaviour of various intermetallic phases, which determined its final mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. The types, numbers and distribution of typical precipitates were investigated. Besides TiN and Nb(C,N), which are common phases formed in Ti- and Nb-stabilised ferritic stainless steel, the Laves, chi (χ) and sigma (σ) phases were also detected in the grain boundary and grain interiors, depending on the aging times . The study focused on the morphology and regularity of these intermetallic precipitates. And the effect of precipitation on the mechanical properties and the corrosion resistance were discussed.     

439铁素体不锈钢的研制

439是在430不锈钢基础上降低C＋N含量，添加Nb、Ti等稳定化元素发展起来的新型不锈钢材料，已逐步代替304不锈钢应用于电梯面板等行业。为开发满足用户使用要求的439不锈钢，试验室研究了成分、热处理制度对439不锈钢性能的影响，结果表明：Ti、Nb稳定化元素的添加对改善439不锈钢综合性能比较有利、热轧439退火再冷轧可明显改进深冲性能。生产试制结果表明，宝钢生产的439冷轧产品完全能满足用户对材料的性能要求。     

Investigation on the cold-strip breakage of SUS445J2 ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel during rolling process

In this work,the cause of the cold-strip breakage of SUS445J2 ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel was investigated using optical microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy,and electron backscatter diffraction technique.Results show that during cold rolling,the breakage of the stainless steel strip was mainly caused by massive niobium-rich(Nb-rich)carbides present in the center of the strip.Furthermore,cracks initiated at these carbides in the central layer.The massive carbide precipitates resulted from the segregation and enrichment of Nb,titanium(Ti),and carbon(C)in the central layer during the subsequent solidification stage of SUS445J2 stainless steel.Additionally,the banded structure and coarse ferrite grains in the central layer reduced the plasticity of the material,causing cracks to propagate along these grains and finally leading to cold-strip breakage.By reducing the solidification cooling rate of the billet,increasing the pouring temperature,discretizing Nb,Ti,and C enrichment via electromagnetic stirring,and forming equiaxed crystals in the central layer,the precipitation of harmful massive Nb-rich carbides in the central layer could be effectively avoided.     

445M铁素体不锈钢缝隙腐蚀性能的研究

研究了445M铁素体不锈钢(%:0.004～0.005C、22.24～22.29Cr、1.10～1.65Mo、0.015～0.016P、0.003～0.004S、0.012～0.016N、0.22～0.38Ti)和316L奥氏体不锈钢(%:0.022C、16.80Cr、10.19Ni、2.02Mo、0.025P、0.001S、0.046N)在40～60℃氯离子浓度(250～5 000)×10^-6的氯化钠溶液的缝隙腐蚀性能。结果表明,445M铁素体不锈钢的耐缝隙腐蚀性能优于316L奥氏体不锈钢;当445M钢中的Mo含量由1.10%提高至1.65%时,钢的耐缝隙腐蚀性能明显提高,表明点蚀当量Cr+3.3Mo是衡量不锈钢耐点蚀和耐缝隙腐蚀的重要指标。     

高耐蚀深冲用不锈钢00Cr17MoTiCu的开发

本文采用电化学、盐雾试验、酸溶液中的耐蚀性试验等腐蚀试验方法,评价了Cr、Mo、Ti、Cu等元素的作用,同时采用力学试验和各种成型试验方法探讨了上述元素的影响。根据试验结果成功地开发了既具有可以和1Cr18Ni9Tj相媲美的不锈耐蚀性能;又具有Cr17型不锈钢美观、价廉等特征的新型深冲用不锈钢00Cr17MoTiCu。该新型不锈钢可广泛应用于食品加工、厨房设备、轻工纺织、建筑五金等行业。     

σ相的析出对双相不锈钢组织性能的影响

σ相是一种富Cr、Mo的金属间化合物,它的存在会使钢的强度提高,塑韧性降低,恶化耐蚀性能。主要从成分、组织、性能等方面对S31803、S32750双相不锈钢σ相的析出行为进行研究。结果表明：Cr、Mo增加了σ相析出的敏感性,而且随时效时间的延长,σ相析出的数量不断增加;而且σ相的析出对材料的塑性、耐蚀性都造成不利影响。