Post treatment of silane and cerium salt as chromate replacers on galvanized steel

A complex film on hot-dip galvanized steel sheet (HDG) was prepared by immersing the sheet in 0.1wt.% Ce(NO3)3 solution and 5vol.% silane solution in turn. The corrosion protection of the complex film was evaluated by potentiodynamic linear polarization(LPR), electrochemical impendence spectra (EIS) and natural salt spray (NSS) tests and compared with that of single cerium film and silane film. The results showed that, the presence of these films on the zinc coating hindered corrosion reaction by reducing the rate of both anodic and cathodic reaction in the corrosion process, and the corrosion protection of the complex film was much better than that of single cerium film or silane film and closed to that of chromate film, because the polarization resistance Rp and electrochemical impendence were increased markedly. Microstructure and chemical composition of these pretreated films were also investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and AES.     

电镀锌钢板CrO3-H3PO4-SiO2体系钝化膜

研究了电镀锌钢板CrO₃-H₃PO₄-SiO₂体系纯化膜的成分与结构,并对钝化膜的耐蚀性及其原因进行了探讨.结果表明,该钝化膜是1种由CrO₃,Cr(OH)₃,CrOOH,ZnCrO₄,ZnSiO₃Zn₃(PO₄)₂,CrPO₄和SiO₂等化合物组成的、具有凝胶网络状结构的厚型复合转化膜.这种膜具有良好的屏蔽效应和缓蚀作用,能明显地改善镀锌钢板抗白锈的能力.它的耐蚀性是CrO₃-SiO₂体系钝化膜的3倍.     

Influence of rare earth elements on corrosion behavior of Al-brass in marine water

The corrosion behaviors of Al-brass in stagnant and flowing marine water as a function of combinative rare earths (Ce and La) ad-dition were investigated by electrochemical techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was demon-strated that RE elements could make the corrosion product layer more protective and strengthen the cohesion between the film and matrix in stagnant seawater. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) anal...     

Industrial Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance of P-RE Weathering Steel

 The corrosion behavior of low carbon steel (CS), P bearing steel (PS) and P RE weathering steel (P REWS) exposed for two years in Jiangjin of China was investigated. The results showed that during 2 year exposure test, corrosion data of the experimental steels followed the bilogarithmic equation, and the average corrosion depth of PS and P REWS was decreased by 195% and 282% respectively compared with that of CS. Scanning electron microscope, electrochemical impedance spectroscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope were used to characterize the corrosion products. The research results showed that P in steel could promote the formation of an amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide layer near the substrate. The addition of RE could effectively increase the charge transportation resistance of rust.     

用电化学阻抗谱研究钢表面三种电镀镍层的耐蚀性

在钢基体S 47220上分别电镀光亮、无光亮和多层镍镀层,采用电化学阻抗谱、极化曲线等研究在3.5%的Na Cl溶液中钢基体、纯镍和镀镍样品的腐蚀电化学行为,采用中性盐雾试验测试三种镀层的耐蚀性.结果表明,多层镍镀层比单一镍镀层表面更加致密,更难发生钢基体的优先腐蚀,因此保护性更好.钢基体、光亮镍镀层和无光镍镀层的等效电路模型分别是R_s(R_(ct)Q_(dl))(R_(pit)Q_(pit))、R_s(R_(ct)Q_(dl))(R_(pore)Q_(pore))和R_s(Q_(film)(R_(film)(R_(ct)Q_(dl)).在中性盐雾试验中,三层镍镀层经盐雾试验288 h后未发生腐蚀,因为其等效电路图Rs(RctQdl)与单质镍相同,具有相似的抗电化学腐蚀性能,所以耐蚀性优异,远高于单一镍镀层.     

Ti-3Ta-xNb合金在沸腾硝酸中的电化学腐蚀研究

采用非真空自耗电弧熔炼获得成分均匀的Ti-3Ta-xNb(x=0、1、3、5)合金。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察发现,随着Nb元素含量的增加,合金的等轴α相比例减少,晶粒细化。通过电化学测试研究了Ti-3Ta-xNb合金在6 mol/L沸腾硝酸溶液中的开路电位、动电位极化曲线及电化学阻抗谱。结果表明：随着Nb元素含量的增加,Ti-3Ta-xNb合金的腐蚀电流密度降低,极化电阻增加,即合金的耐蚀性增强。     

La0.65RE0.10Mg0.25Ni3.5Si0.15(RE=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm)储氢合金的电化学性能及EIS分析

通过感应熔炼制备La0.65RE0.10Mg0.25Ni3.55i0.15(RE =La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm)合金.采用X射线衍射方法分析了合金的相结构,研究了其电化学性能,并采用电化学阻抗谱分析了合金电极的放氢动力学特性.研究结果表明,合金是以LaNi5、LaNi3为主相的多相结构,同时合金中少量的Si元素与Mg和Ni元素形成了少量的Mg2 Si相和Ni2Si相.Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm部分替代La以后,合金的放电容量下降,Ce的替代使合金容量大幅度降低.对于本系列合金,La被其他稀土元素部分替代后,合金经过100次循环后的容量保持率略有下降,但除了Pr元素以外,变化值均较小.合金电极的电化学阻抗谱分析表明,中低频区的容抗弧半径依次为Ce ＞La＞ Nd ＞Sm ＞Pr,这表明采用Nd、Sm、Pr替代La后合金电极在碱液中放电过程电荷传递电阻Rct减小,即合金表面活性增加,但Ce替代却导致Ret急剧增大,这可能与Ce在碱液中易形成氧化物降低了合金的表面活性有关.     

稀土改性Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层的腐蚀电化学行为

通过电沉积方法在铜基体上制备了稀土改性Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层。SEM测试镀层表面形貌平整光滑、结构致密,PTFE微粒分散均匀。采用阳极极化曲线(Tafel曲线)和电化学阻抗谱研究了Ni-P合金镀层,Ni-P-PTFE和改性Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层在不同介质条件下的腐蚀电化学行为。结果表明,在10%盐酸溶液中,改性Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层相对于Ni-P合金镀层和Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层,自腐蚀电位分别提高了316和84 mV,自腐蚀电流密度分别降低了1~2个数量级,镀层阻抗分别增加了7倍和4倍;在10%NaOH溶液中,自腐蚀电位分别提高了330和40 mV,自腐蚀电流密度分别降低了1~2个数量级,镀层阻抗分别增加了3倍和2倍。说明稀土改性的Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层在酸性和碱性条件下均表现出了更加优异的耐腐蚀性能。     

基于SECM研究5083铝镁合金在不同pH NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

采用扫描电化学显微镜(SECM)中的极化曲线法和交流阻抗图谱法研究5083铝镁合金在不同pH NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,结果表明:在酸性体系(pH 3~7),随着pH的增加,其腐蚀电位正移,点蚀电位相差不大,维钝电流密度减小,电化学阻抗谱中仅有1个容抗弧且呈现收缩趋势.同时,阻抗和相位角减小,电荷传递电阻升高,耐腐蚀性能增大.在碱性体系(pH 9~12),随着pH的增加,腐蚀电流密度增加,而腐蚀电位减小,腐蚀速度由0.000 9mm/a增加到0.025 6?mm/a.电化学阻抗谱中有2个容抗弧,在pH=12处出现感抗弧.同时,阻抗和相位角减小,金属化合物颗粒溶解过程加快,合金耐腐蚀性能降低.      

反应等离子喷涂TiN涂层电化学腐蚀行为

利用电化学阻抗谱等电化学方法及扫描电镜(SEM)技术,研究了反应等离子喷涂TiN涂层在模拟海水中的电化学腐蚀行为.研究结果表明:TiN涂层的自腐蚀电位高于基体,涂层对基体能起到良好的腐蚀屏蔽作用;腐蚀介质通过涂层的通孔、微裂纹等缺陷渗入涂层与基体的界面腐蚀基体,从而使涂层电阻下降、电容增加,所产生的腐蚀产物在一定程度上可以抑制腐蚀反应的进行,但不会阻止基体局部腐蚀的继续进行.涂层的孔隙是造成涂层电化学腐蚀的主要原因.     

Study on lanthanum salt conversion coating modified with citric acid on hot dip galvanized steel

Modified lanthanum salt conversion coatings prepared by rare earth salt route based on lanthanum nitrate solution were proposed as alternatives to the process involving toxic hexavalent chromate.The structure and composition of the coating were determined with X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The surface morphologies of the treated samples were observed with scanning electron microscopy.The natural salt spray and electrochemical impendence spectra tests were carried ...     

Effects of rare earth on inclusions and corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steel

The types,morphologies and distributions of nonmetallic inclusions in Cu-P weathering steels with and without rare earth were analyzed through a quantitative image analyzer,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)attached to SEM.Solid-soluble content of rare earth in the steels was analyzed by non-aqua electroanalysis and ICP.The results showed that rare earth modified the types and the morphologies of inclusions in the weathering steels.The small spherical rare earth oxysulfides and rare earth sulphides replaced the elongated MnS inclusions in the RE weathering steels.The rare earth inclusions dispersedly distributed and most inclusions were smaller than 2 μm in size.The optimum content of RE was 0.0065%-0.016% for 10PCuRE weathering steels containing about0.002% oxygen and 0.004% sulfur.Solid-soluble content of rare earth in steels was(14-20)x 10-6,which can act as a micro-alloying element.The corrosion resistance of 10PCuRE weathering steels and Q235 were studied by dry-wet cyclic immersion test.Their corrosion rates were obtained respectively.The polarization curves and pitting corrosion behaviors of weathering steels with and without rare earth were measured by electrochemical methods.The corrosion resistance of Cu-P weathering steels was improved by adding an appropriate amount of rare earth.Less and fewer rare earth inclusions largely decreased pitting susceptibility and rate of pit propagation.The pitting potential and the resistance against pitting corrosion of the RE weathering steel were significantly improved due to the modification of rare earth to inclusions.     

Lanthanum-exchanged zeolite and clay as anticorrosive pigments for galvanized steel

A wide variety of inhibitive pigments is now being offered as possible alternatives to chromate and lead compounds for painted metals protection. Unfortunately, the most wide spread of these substitute pigments, zinc phosphate, has, at present, raised some environmental concern because phosphate causes the eutrophication of water courses and zinc itself is toxic. The aim of this re-search was to study the anticorrosive performance of a mixture consisting of zinc phosphate, modified zeolite and clay （bentonite） in order to diminish phosphate content in paints. The zeolite and the clay were exchanged with La（III） ions, as inorganic green inhibitor. In the first step, the anticorrosion protection by La（III） ions in solution was assessed by electrochemical tests. In the second step, an epoxy-polyamide paint formulated with the pigment mixture applied on galvanized panels was studied by salt spray test and electro-chemical noise measurements （ENM）. The results showed that it was possible to replace part of the zinc phosphate content in the paint with the exchanged zeolite and the clay.     

Study on corrosion resistance of the BTESPT silane cooperating with rare earth cerium on the surface of aluminum-tube

Bis-3-(triethoxysilyl)propyltetrasulfide(BTESPT) silane-rare earth cerium composite coatings on aluminum-tube were prepared at 60 °C by immersion method.The performance of composite coatings to protect the aluminum-tube against corrosion was investigated with potentiodynamic polarization curves,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),and salt spray test(SST).The results of potentiodynamic polarization curves and EIS indicated that the self-corrosion current decreased by two orders of magnitude and the impedance values increased to 20 k?/cm2;the result of salt spray test showed that the anti-corrosion time increased by three times,which indicated that the corrosion resistant capability of the composite coatings was improved significantly.The scanning electron microscopy(SEM) photograph showed that the conversion coating was uniform and dense.The energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) was used to analyse coating composition,which was mainly S,O,Si,Al and Ce.The formation and corrosion mechanism of the composite coating were also studied.     

热镀锌表面铈盐钝化

采用Ce(NO3)3取代铬酸盐对热镀锌表面进行钝化，通过研究钝化液组成、pH值、温度及钝化时间等因素对钝化成膜及其耐蚀性的影响，获得钝化处理最佳技术条件（质量浓度）为：Ce(NO3)320g/L,H2O2(25-35)mL/L,HBO32g/L,pH(1.4-1.75)，温度45－50℃，时间40－90s。检测分析表明，采用该研究成果可获得效果与低铬酸盐钝化相近的耐蚀性较好的金黄色钝化膜。这对于改变钝化处理毒性容易造成环境污染的现状具有积极的现实意义。     

汽车用热基镀锌高强钢的研发进展

 日益复杂的服役环境,对汽车底盘及结构内件耐蚀性提出了更高要求,常规酸洗板已无法满足。以低合金高强钢(HSLA)、铁素体贝氏体钢(FB)和复相钢(CP)为代表的热基镀锌高强钢兼具热轧钢板的高成形性及镀层钢板的高耐蚀性,取代酸洗板用于汽车底盘和结构内件制造,不仅可以提高整车防腐性能,还可以降低零件修复、更换和再生产带来的能源消耗与碳排放,为汽车企业选材用材升级、降本增效提供了重要解决方案。汽车用热基镀锌高强钢对组织性能及表面质量的要求极其严格,国内外具备产品开发及稳定供货能力的企业很少。从化学成分、热轧、冷却、卷取和退火等工艺参数对微观组织及析出相的影响方面阐述了热基镀锌高强钢组织性能调控机理,以色差、漏镀和锌流纹等缺陷为例概述了热基镀锌高强钢表面问题产生的原因及相应的攻关方向。重点介绍了锌铝镁镀层在耐腐蚀方面的优势以及热基锌铝镁产品的主要应用途径。综述了国内外汽车用热基镀锌高强钢的生产及应用现状,指出进一步提升综合性能、改善表面质量和拓展极限规格是其发展方向。同时指出,需要持续关注热基镀锌高强钢生产和应用方面的问题,如色差、漏镀和锌流纹等表面问题,焊接飞溅、气孔和LME裂纹问题以及针对底盘特定腐蚀环境的耐蚀性数据积累及评价。     

Research on anti-corrosion property of rare earth inhibitor for X70 steel

Three kinds of rare earth nitrates were adopted to sodium molybdate to get three kinds of LnN-M compounded inhibitors(La(NO3)3+Na2MoO4(LaN-M),Ce(NO3)3+Na2MoO4(CeN-M),Pr(NO3)3+Na2MoO4(PrN-M)).The combination of weight-loss method and the electrochemical test,was used to evaluate and analyze the corrosion inhibition efficiency of these LnN-M inhibitors to make the research on their corrosion inhibition performance,and the sequential order of their performance was found as follows:CeN-M> LaN-M>PrN-M,among which,the inhibition efficiency of CeN-M for the X70 steel could reach 98.21%.The synergism parameters were calculated by weight-loss method,these computational data indicated that the synergistic effect between rare earth nitrates and sodium molybdate was obvious and significant.Surface morphology,chemical composition and phase components of the precipitation films were tested for discussing the mechanism of LnN-M inhibitors.The outer electronic configuration of the lanthanide was found to have an important influence on the inhibition efficiency.The CeN-M inhibitor was discovered to have the best inhibition effect with the amorphous cerium oxides.The results of this research revealed that the precipitation films formed on the surface of the steel samples had a crucial influence on the inhibition efficiencies after adding LnN-M inhibitors.     

热浸镀锌钢板镀层织构与耐蚀性

用X射线衍射和动电位扫描方法研究了热浸镀锌钢板镀层织构、相分布和耐蚀性的关系.实验结果表明,镀锌层中纯锌相的主要织构组分为{0002}基面织构,当镀锌层厚度增加时,纯锌相中{0002}基面织构密度水平增加,纯锌相自腐蚀电位升高、腐蚀电流密度减小以及耐蚀性增加.X射线衍射分析电化学剥离后的铁锌相,结果表明,镀锌层由纯锌相和合金相组成;电化学实验表明,镀锌层各相耐蚀性不同,合金相的耐蚀性高于纯锌相的耐蚀性,且Fe-Zn合金相的耐蚀性随铁含量的增加而增加.