PH13-8Mo不锈钢在半乡村大气环境中长周期腐蚀行为

在北京半乡村大气环境中对未经预钝化及硝酸预钝化后的PH13-8Mo不锈钢进行5 a的长周期暴晒试验,通过表面形貌观察、质量损失分析、表面钝化膜及腐蚀产物膜层分析、力学性能检测及断口分析等方法,研究了硝酸预钝化处理对PH13-8Mo长周期腐蚀行为的影响规律及机理。结果表明,经5 a大气暴晒试验,硝酸预钝化处理减轻了PH13-8Mo不锈钢的点蚀、降低其均匀腐蚀速率,通过降低PH13-8Mo不锈钢钝化膜中的氢氧化物含量、提高Cr/Fe原子比并提高大气暴晒后表面的Kelvin电位,延迟了Cl?对钝化膜的破坏及点蚀的形核,进而提高了表面膜层对基体的保护作用。硝酸预钝化处理能减少在半乡村大气环境中PH13-8Mo不锈钢力学性能的下降,但对试样的断裂方式几乎没有产生影响,二者均为韧性断裂,断口均呈现典型的“杯锥状”。      

17-4PH马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢表面防护技术研究进展

17-4PH马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢具有良好抗衰减性能、抗腐蚀和抗空蚀性能以及优异的力学性能,在核能、海洋和航天等工业领域有广泛应用。由于长期服役于高温、腐蚀、冲击和摩擦的复杂环境中,17-4PH零部件表面受到水蚀、空蚀、腐蚀和摩擦磨损等严重破坏,亟需开展针对性防护研究。为此综述了目前17-4PH不锈钢表面防护的研究进展,主要从表面强化、表面改性和表面涂敷3个角度分析其优缺点、应用现状,并对其未来发展趋势进行展望。     

17-4PH马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢表面防护技术研究进展

17-4PH马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢具有良好抗衰减性能、抗腐蚀和抗空蚀性能以及优异的力学性能,在核能、海洋和航天等工业领域有广泛应用。由于长期服役于高温、腐蚀、冲击和摩擦的复杂环境中,17-4PH零部件表面受到水蚀、空蚀、腐蚀和摩擦磨损等严重破坏,亟需开展针对性防护研究。为此综述了目前17-4PH不锈钢表面防护的研究进展,主要从表面强化、表面改性和表面涂敷3个角度分析其优缺点、应用现状,并对其未来发展趋势进行展望。     

304不锈钢在西沙海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为

采用扫描电镜、能谱、电化学阻抗谱和拉曼光谱等分析测试手段,研究了西沙群岛苛刻海洋大气环境下,经过不同时间暴露后304不锈钢的腐蚀行为和机理.304不锈钢在西沙大气暴露后的腐蚀类型主要是以局部腐蚀的点蚀为主,腐蚀产物主要由β-FeOOH、γ-Fe₂O₃和Fe₃O₄组成.随暴露时间的延长,不锈钢表面钝化膜的稳定性变差,点蚀数目增加、点蚀坑深度增大日.表面腐蚀产物覆盖率也逐渐增多.与其他部位相比,点蚀更容易在表面划痕处产生.提高表面加工精度,有助于提高其耐腐蚀性能.      

表面处理对海洋工程用316L不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响

316L不锈钢为常用的耐蚀合金材料,然而其在海洋大气环境服役时易遭受点腐蚀而发生失效。通过点腐蚀速率、临界点蚀温度、点蚀电位、极化曲线测试等评价方法,对经过不同表面处理(光亮退火、抛光、酸洗钝化)后的316L不锈钢的耐点蚀性能进行测试分析。结果表明,不同表面处理对316L不锈钢的临界点蚀温度影响不大,但会使点腐蚀速率、点蚀电位有所差异;在测试条件下,抛光及酸洗钝化均可有效提高316L不锈钢的耐点蚀性能,其中酸洗钝化态的耐点蚀性能最好,因此建议对海洋工程用316L不锈钢产品在使用前进行酸洗钝化处理。     

工业海洋大气环境下阳极氧化6061铝合金的电偶腐蚀行为

在青岛典型的工业海洋大气环境下,进行硼硫酸阳极氧化6061铝合金与不同表面状态的30CrMnSiNi2A结构钢偶接件的户外大气暴露试验,通过电化学测试、腐蚀产物分析、力学性能检测、断口分析等,研究了偶接件中阳极氧化6061铝合金的腐蚀规律与机理.结果表明:经1 a户外大气暴露试验后,与镀镉钛结构钢偶接的6061阳极氧化铝合金力学性能最优,其强度σ_b和延伸率δ分别比原始试样下降6.45%和4.39%,远优于与结构钢裸材偶接的阳极氧化6061铝合金试样(分别下降10%和62.28%),略优于未偶接试样(分别下降6.77%和10.74%).沿晶腐蚀和表面点蚀是导致阳极氧化6061铝合金力学性能下降的主要原因,最严重的沿晶腐蚀裂纹深度达150 μm.青岛大气中的硫化物不仅会侵蚀试样表面形成硫酸铝,还会浸入到晶界促进沿晶腐蚀.      

AZ31镁合金在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀行为

通过室外大气暴露试验,研究了AZ31镁合金在万宁和青岛2个海洋大气环境试验站点1～5年的腐蚀规律,用失重法测定了腐蚀速率,并用SEM和XRD分析了5年后表面腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物的组成。研究表明,AZ31镁合金暴露在海洋大气环境5年后的腐蚀动力学符合幂函数规律,万宁站的腐蚀速率高于青岛站,且腐蚀速率都随暴露时间的延长而降低,但青岛站腐蚀速率降低幅度更大,腐蚀产物膜对基体保护作用较万宁站强;AZ31镁合金暴露在万宁站和青岛站5年后的腐蚀速率分别为37.6和13.5μm·a-1,腐蚀产物以MgCl2,MgCO3,MgSO3,MgSO4,Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·8H2O和Mg2(OH)3Cl·4H2O为主;AZ31镁合金在海洋大气环境中不耐腐蚀,表面布满点蚀坑,相对湿度对镁合金较长周期的腐蚀有显著影响。     

1Cr17Ni1双相不锈钢室温旋转弯曲疲劳性能

在应力比R=-1,转速为5 000 r/min和室温环境下测试了1Cr17Ni1双相不锈钢光滑旋转弯曲疲劳试样和缺口旋转弯曲疲劳试样的数据,得到了2种试样的S-N曲线.并采用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了2种试样的断口形貌,研究了1Cr17Ni1双相不锈钢高周疲劳特性.结果显示,光滑旋转弯曲疲劳试样的疲劳极限为320 MPa,其疲劳裂纹萌生于试样的表面;缺口旋转弯曲疲劳试样的疲劳极限为137 MPa,其裂纹源萌生于缺口处.经计算得到1Cr17Ni1双相不锈钢的缺口敏感系数为0.67.     

金属注射成形17-4PH不锈钢的研究

研究了17—4PH不锈钢的金属注射成形工艺及其流变学性能、力学性能、微观组织和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明：采用65％PW-30％EVA-5％SA粘结剂组成的注射料具有最好的综合流变学性能。在1380℃保温90min的烧结条件下，注射成形17—4PH不锈钢的力学性能最佳，孔隙分布均匀，晶粒尺寸适中。而保温60和120min则分别表现出烧结不完全和过烧现象。1380℃保温90min烧结所得到的力学性能为P=7．70g／cm^3，σb=1275MPa，δ=5％，硬度36HRC。注射成形17—4PH不锈钢的密度、抗拉强度、硬度随着烧结温度的升高而提高，伸长率则随着烧结温度的升高而下降。17—4PH不锈钢的耐蚀性好，腐蚀期长，具有活化-化金属极化曲线的特征，但钝化电位范围较窄，耐点蚀性能较差。     

交流阻抗法对耐候钢腐蚀行为的研究

采用交流阻抗技术对青岛海洋大洋大气暴晒带锈试样进行了研究，发现在内锈层中丰在着有限百扩散和不可穿障碍壁扩散的两种传质过程，其腐蚀程度主要受有限厚度扩散过程制约。     

Effect of plasma nitriding parameters on corrosion performance of 17-4 PH stainless steel

This study investigates the effect of plasma nitriding parameters on corrosion susceptibility of 17-4 PH stainless steel in 3.5?wt-% NaCl solution. In this regard, 17-4 PH stainless steel was plasma nitrided at 400°C for 5 and 10?h, 450°C for 5?h and 500°C for 5?h. Cross-sectional images after nitriding process showed that a uniform nitrided layer has been formed on steel substrate. Depending on the temperature and time of the nitriding process, different phases were formed in the nitrided layer. This affected general corrosion and pitting corrosion performance of 17-4 PH stainless steel in 3.5?wt-% NaCl solution. While precipitation of chromium nitrides for nitrided specimens at 450°C and higher increased the susceptibility to pitting and general corrosion, formation of expanded martensite (EM) in nitriding at 400°C improved the pitting corrosion resistance of 17-4 PH stainless steel. This is believed to be due to the release of nitrogen atoms from EM phase to form ammonium ions and increase the pH of the solution, supressing pit growth.     

Corrosion Behavior of Different Steel Substrates Coupled With Conductive Polymer Under Different Serving Conditions

The corrosion behaviors of stainless steel and nickel-plated carbon steel coupled with conductive polymer were investigated in both hot humid environment and simulated marine environment. The corrosion currents of different steel substrates and conductive polymer in simulated marine environment at room temperature were measured. The corrosion surfaces of different steel couples were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and chemical compositions were examined by energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) analysis. The corrosion mechanism was discussed. The results showed that the stability of both stainless steel and nickel-plated carbon steel in hot humid environment was excellent and no corrosion happened in the blank test for 360 h while slight corrosion existed in the contact area of coupled steel substrates. In simulated marine environment, the corrosion current of the stainless steel was lower than 100 μA and some directional rod-like particles formed on the surface of the stainless steel, which arc mainly caused by oxidative corrosion among different phases. The corrosion current of the nickel-plated carbon steel couples was much greater than that of stainless steel couples and nickel plate cracking resulted in the corrosion of the internal iron because the coated nickel layer was not dense enough.     

耐海洋环境腐蚀高强度不锈钢的设计与性能

 通过新的成分设计和综合应用超洁净化技术和金属间化合物及碳化物的时效沉淀强化技术,成功设计了一种新型的超高强度不锈钢。该钢的抗拉强度[Rm]可达1 940 MPa,[KIC]大于90 MPa·m1/2,并且具有较高的疲劳性能及高温力学性能,在海洋大气及海水全浸的环境下,该钢的耐腐蚀性能与15-5PH不锈钢相当,且明显优于同强度级别的Aermet100钢。     

Effect of Aging Temperature on Erosion-Corrosion Behavior of 17-4PH Stainless Steels in Dilute Sulphuric Acid Slurry

The effect of aging temperature on erosion corrosion （E-C） behavior of 17-4PH stainless steels in dilute sulphuric acid slurry containing solid particles was studied by using self-made rotating E-C apparatus. The effect of impact velocity on EC behavior of 17 4PH steels at different aging temperatures was analyzed. Surface micrographs of the specimens after E C test were observed by using scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The results showed that under the condition of the same solution heat treatment, when aging temperature ranged from 400 ℃ to 610℃, the hardness reached the highest value near the temperature 460℃. The characteristics of E-C for 17-4PH stainless steels at different aging temperatures were as follows： pure erosion （wear） was dominant, corrosion was subordinate and at the same time corrosion promoted erosion. The effect of aging temperature on E-C rate of 17-4PH steels was not significant at low impact velocity, but it was found that E-C resistance of 17-4PH steels aged near 460℃ was the most excellent due to the best precipitation strengthening effect of fine and dispersed e-Cu phase. With a prerequisite of appropriate corrosion resistance, the precipitation hardening could significantly improve the E-C resistance of the materials.     

高耐蚀深冲用不锈钢00Cr17MoTiCu的开发

本文采用电化学、盐雾试验、酸溶液中的耐蚀性试验等腐蚀试验方法,评价了Cr、Mo、Ti、Cu等元素的作用,同时采用力学试验和各种成型试验方法探讨了上述元素的影响。根据试验结果成功地开发了既具有可以和1Cr18Ni9Tj相媲美的不锈耐蚀性能;又具有Cr17型不锈钢美观、价廉等特征的新型深冲用不锈钢00Cr17MoTiCu。该新型不锈钢可广泛应用于食品加工、厨房设备、轻工纺织、建筑五金等行业。     

17-7PH沉淀硬化不锈钢电渣重熔过程洁净度的变化

采用35 t电弧炉-AOD脱碳-LF精炼-模铸工艺制备了17-7PH沉淀硬化不锈钢自耗电极,并通过气体保护电渣炉重熔得到了2 t重的电渣锭。利用ASPEX扫描电镜分析了电渣重熔前后17-7PH钢中夹杂物数量、尺寸、成分的变化规律,并采用SEM-EDS进一步观察夹杂物的形貌及组成。研究结果发现,电渣重熔后,O含量由6.6×10^-6降至5.7×10^-6,N含量由200×10^-6降至180×10^-6。重熔前后夹杂物的类型没有变化,重熔后总的夹杂物数量大幅减少,特别是大颗粒夹杂物的数量明显减少、尺寸减小。电渣锭中总的夹杂物以AlN夹杂物为主,其尺寸较大、数量最多。为了提高17-7PH钢电渣锭的洁净度,应尽可能减少自耗电极中的N含量,以减少电渣重熔过程AlN夹杂物的生成量。