三值绝热JKL触发器的设计

通过对多值逻辑、绝热电路和三值触发器工作原理及结构的研究,提出一种新颖的三值绝热JKL触发器的设计方案.该方案首先以电路三要素理论为指导,推导出三值绝热JKL触发器的元件级函数式,采用不同阈值的MOS管实现相应的电路结构.然后结合三值绝热文字电路,应用三值绝热JKL触发器进一步设计绝热九进制异步计数器.最后,HSPICE模拟结果表明,所设计电路具有正确的逻辑功能,与传统三值JKL触发器和九进制异步计数器相比,节省能耗均在75%以上.      

Formation Equilibria of Ternary Metal Complexes with Citric Acid and Glutamine （Alanine） in Aqueous Solution

The species and their formation constants in the ternary systems were obtained by the Scogs2 software from potentiometric titration data. The Comics software was used to calculate the distribution of species in the ternary systems.MLXH, MLXH2 and MLXH3 are the common species in these systems. The coordination behaviors of the rare earths are very similar and their stability is closely matched. The ternary rare earth complexes are more stable than the corresponding ternary complexes of calcium. The ternary zinc complex with glutamine as the secondary ligand is more stable than the corresponding complexes of rare earths, but the ternary complex with alanine as the secondary ligand shows an. inverse trend.The distributions of species in the ternary systems vary with pH changing. A prediction can be made that exogenous rare earths can affect the species of Ca and Zn in human body.     

Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Modeling for the Mg-Nd-Sr System

Microstructure examination, phase analysis, and DSC measurement on the equilibrated ternary alloys not only enabled exploration of the phase equilibria relations of the Mg-Nd-Sr ternary but also thermodynamic assessment of the ternary system in the context of the CALPHAD approach. Thermodynamic modeling, further coupled with first principle calculations, was thereafter used to predict a panoramic phase diagram for the Mg-Nd-Sr ternary system at the Mg-rich corner.     

Representation of excess thermodynamic properties of ternary systems using interaction parameters

A ternary function has been developed based on the Maclaurin infinite series, which is expressed in the neighborhood of each of the pure components of the system. Each of the series is subjected to various boundary conditions. The ternary function is based on the summation of these series. In the process of converting the terms of these infinite series to the corresponding infinite dilution constants and interaction parameters, the ternary function also distinguishes between the binary and ternary interaction parameters of the system. The truncation of the infinite series pertaining to the binary and ternary interaction terms is adjusted by a suitable technique which is described in the text. The function is thermodynamically consistent and capable of interpreting properties of the ternary system.     

Composition Range of Amorphous Mg-Ni-Y Alloys

Based on the thermodynamic point of view, a method for predication of the composition range of amorphous ter-nary alloys was proposed. The composition range of amorphous ternary alloys is determined by the comparison of the excess free energy of the amorphous alloy and the free energy of competing crystalline states. The free energy is extrapolated from the data of three binary alloys by using Toop‘s model. The method was applied to predict the composition range of amor-phous Mg-Ni-Y alloys. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the available experimental results. It indicates that the present method can be used to predict the composition range for amorphous ternary alloys.     

The directional solidification of Al−Cu−Mg monovariant alloys

Alloys whose compositions lie along the ternary monovariant line between the binary Al?Cu and the ternary Al?Cu?Mg eutectics were directionally solidified at rates of 0.17 to 20 cm per hr. Both plane front and cellular or dendritic structures were obtained. A criterion for the breakdown of plane front growth based on constitutional supercooling was found to be valid at both ends of the monovariant line. It was found that the amount of ternary eutectic present at the boundaries of cellular or dendritic structures may be closely predicted by the nonequilibrium lever rule for freezing.     

Nb-Ti-Si三元系1 173 K等温截面的测定

运用扩散偶技术并结合电子探针微区成分分析方法，对Ni-Ti-Si三元扩散偶进行了相分析，测得了Ni-Ti-Si三元系1173K下所生成的7个扩散层，即TiSi2、TiSi、Ti5Si4、Ti5Si3、Ti3Si、Nb5Si3和NbSi2；未发现在元化合物。根据实验所得的结线数据并结合扩散偶中的相区分布规则，得出了Nb-Ti-Si三元系1173K下的等温截面。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of unidirectionally solidified Al-Si-Ni ternary eutectic

Al-10.98 pct Si-4.9 pct Ni ternary eutectic alloy was unidirectionally solidified at growth rates from 1.39μm/sec to 6.95μm/sec. Binary Al-Ni and Al-Si eutectics prepared from the same purity metals were also solidified under similar conditions to characterize the growth conditions under the conditions of present study. NiAl₃ phase appeared as fibers in the binary Al-Ni eutectic and silicon appeared as irregular plates in the binary Al-Si eutectic. However, in the ternary Al-Si-Ni eutectic alloy both NiAl₃ and silicon phases appeared as irregular plates dispersed in α-Al phase, without any regular repctitive arrangement. The size and spacing of NiAl₃ and Si platelets in cone shaped colonies decreased with an increase in the growth rate of the ternary eutectic. Examination of specimen quenched during unidirectional solidification indicated that the ternary eutectic grows with a non-planar interface with both Si and NiAl₃ phases protruding into the liquid. It is concluded that it will be difficult to grow regular ternary eutectic structures even if only one phase has a high entropy of melting. The tensile strength and modulus of unidirectionally solidified Al-Si-Ni eutectic was lower than the chill cast alloys of the same composition, and decreased with a decrease in growth rate. Tensile modulus and strength of ternary Al-Si-Ni eutectic alloys was greater than binary Al-Si eutectic alloy under similar growth conditions, both in the chill cast and in unidirectionally solidified conditions.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of unidirectionally solidified Al-Si-Ni ternary eutectic

Al-10.98 pct Si-4.9 pct Ni ternary eutectic alloy was unidirectionally solidified at growth rates from 1.39μm/sec to 6.95μm/sec. Binary Al-Ni and Al-Si eutectics prepared from the same purity metals were also solidified under similar conditions to characterize the growth conditions under the conditions of present study. NiAl₃ phase appeared as fibers in the binary Al-Ni eutectic and silicon appeared as irregular plates in the binary Al-Si eutectic. However, in the ternary Al-Si-Ni eutectic alloy both NiAl₃ and silicon phases appeared as irregular plates dispersed in α-Al phase, without any regular repctitive arrangement. The size and spacing of NiAl₃ and Si platelets in cone shaped colonies decreased with an increase in the growth rate of the ternary eutectic. Examination of specimen quenched during unidirectional solidification indicated that the ternary eutectic grows with a non-planar interface with both Si and NiAl₃ phases protruding into the liquid. It is concluded that it will be difficult to grow regular ternary eutectic structures even if only one phase has a high entropy of melting. The tensile strength and modulus of unidirectionally solidified Al-Si-Ni eutectic was lower than the chill cast alloys of the same composition, and decreased with a decrease in growth rate. Tensile modulus and strength of ternary Al-Si-Ni eutectic alloys was greater than binary Al-Si eutectic alloy under similar growth conditions, both in the chill cast and in unidirectionally solidified conditions.     

Formation of the amino acid-DNA complexes by hexavalent and trivalent chromium in vitro: importance of trivalent chromium and the phosphate group

We have recently shown that a substantial fraction of all Cr-DNA adducts in chromate-exposed cells are represented by ternary complexes involving amino acids or glutathione bridged by Cr-(III) to DNA. The tridentate amino acids such as cysteine, glutamic acid, and histidine were predominantly found cross-linked to DNA. The mechanism by which Cr can cross-link these amino acids to DNA has been modeled by reacting DNA and trivalent and hexavalent chromium with cysteine and histidine. The formation of a Cr(III)-amino acid binary complex was required before Cr(III) reacted with DNA to yield a ternary complex. Cr(III)-pretreated DNA did not bind cysteine or histidine even after prolonged incubations. Reduction of Cr(VI) in the presence of DNA gave rise to an extensive cross-linking of cysteine and histidine. Addition of DNA to Cr(VI) mixtures at the start of reduction or after the reduction was complete had little effect on the level of ternary complexes indicating that Cr(III)-amino acid binary complexes were DNA-attacking species. In order to identify DNA groups involved in the ternary complex formation, pre-formed Cr(III)-histidine complexes were reacted with nucleosides and nucleotide monophosphates followed by separation and analysis of the products. The incubation of the Cr(III)-histidine complexes with nucleotide monophosphates but not with nucleosides gave rise to ternary complexes that contained both histidine and Cr, showing the primary importance of the phosphate group in this reaction. All four DNA nucleotides were capable of the ternary complex formation with Cr(III) and histidine. No apparent base preference in the amino acid cross-linking was also found in the reaction of Cr(III)/cysteine and Cr(VI)/cysteine mixtures with oligonucleotides of base-specific composition.     

M-Si-B合金非晶形成能力的CALPHAD模式评估

Evaluation of the amorphous-forming ability of M-Si-B ternary alloys using CALPHAD approach@長谷部光弘$日本九州工业大学 @OHTANI Hiroshi$Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology @HASEBE Mitsuhiro$Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology…     

Protease resistance of syntaxin.SNAP-25.VAMP complexes. Implications for assembly and structure

A stable ternary complex formed with vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) and plasma membrane proteins syntaxin 1A and synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) is proposed to function in synaptic vesicle exocytosis. To analyze the structural characteristics of this synaptic protein complex, recombinant binary (syntaxin 1A.SNAP-25), recombinant ternary, and native ternary complexes were subjected to limited trypsin proteolysis. The protected fragments, defined by amino-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometry, included a carboxyl-terminal region of syntaxin 1A, the cytoplasmic domain of VAMP2, and amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions of SNAP-25. Furthermore, separate amino- and carboxyl-terminal fragments of SNAP-25, when combined with VAMP2 and syntaxin 1A, were sufficient for stable complex assembly. Analysis of ternary complexes formed with full-length proteins revealed that the carboxyl-terminal transmembrane anchors of both syntaxin 1A and VAMP2 were protected from trypsin digestion. Moreover, the stability of ternary complexes was increased by inclusion of these transmembrane domains. These results suggest that the transmembrane domains of VAMP2 and syntaxin 1A contribute to complex assembly and stability and that amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions of SNAP-25 may function as independent domains.     

退役动力三元锂电池的回收现状研究

随着三元锂离子电池市场份额的快速增长,退役三元锂离子电池出现了爆发式增长,因此,回收三元锂离子电池电极材料成了电池行业新的关注热点。三元锂离子电池中的钴(Co)、锂(Li)、镍(Ni)和锰(Mn)都是较高价值的金属,因此,对退役后的三元锂电池进行回收再利用,不仅可以产生一定的经济效益,而且对于生态环境的保护都会有着巨大的效益。     

Investigation of the processes of obtaining plastic treatment and electrochemical behaviour of lead alloys in their capacity as anodes during the electroextraction of zinc II. Electrochemical formation of phase layers on binary PbAg and PbCa, and ternary PbAgCa alloys in a sulphuric-acid electrolyte for zinc electroextraction

The electrochemical oxidation processes and phase formation on binary PbAg and PbCa, and ternary PbAgCa alloys during anodic treatment of the electrodes for conditions in a sulphuric acid electrolyte were investigated.The electrochemical behaviour of lead and its alloys was studied by the cyclic voltammetry method (CVA). X-ray and SEM were used for the phase composition and surface structure analysis. It was established that only the ternary plastically treated PbAg 0.5%-Ca 0.11% alloys reveal similarities to the industrially applied PbAg 1 % anodes. It may be assumed in the case of ternary alloys that the catalytic layer is composed of a dense non-conductive MnO₂ layer of crystals serving as basic sites for oxygen evolution.     

Mathematical modeling of solidification paths in ternary alloys: Limiting cases of solute redistribution

A simple mathematical framework is provided for calculating solidification paths of ternary alloys for equilibrium, paraequilibrium, and nonequilibrium conditions. The results are useful for estimating the possible range of primary solidification paths, the type of monovariant reaction expected to occur, and the relative amount of primary, monovariant eutectic and ternary eutectic constituents that form during solidification. Example calculations show that, for solidification of a ternary eutectic alloy under equilibrium conditions, the monovariant eutectic reaction will only occur when the nominal alloy concentration is above the maximum solid solubility. This result is similar to the binary case. For paraequilibrium conditions, a monovariant eutectic reaction is always expected to occur, but solidification can terminate before the invariant ternary eutectic reaction is reached. Finally, for nonequilibrium conditions, both the monovariant and invariant ternary eutectic reactions are always expected to occur, which is similar to the binary nonequilibrium case. The direction of liquid enrichment on the monovariant eutectic line can also be determined from the results.     

CaCl2-CaF2-CaO三元体系的相图计算

基于Calphad方法,首先对CaCl2-CaO、CaCl2-CaF2和CaO-CaF2体系进行了系统的热力学评估和优化。采用置换溶液模型来描述液相和固溶体相的吉布斯自由能,所有中间相因其固溶区域十分有限而近似处理成准化学计量比化合物,且其自由能依据Neumann-Kopp规则定义。其次,利用Muggianu溶液几何模型将优化获得的所有子二元系的模型参数扩展至CaCl2-CaO-CaF2三元体系。最后,对共晶点进行配样和差示扫描量热法（DSC）测试,通过引入三元交互参数使计算结果与试验数据一致,从而获得了一套自洽的CaCl2-CaO-CaF2三元体系热力学数据库。     

The liquidus surfaces of ternary systems involving compound semiconductors: I. General thermodynamic analysis

Based on the method of chemical potentials, a general thermodynamic equation for the liquidus surface of a ternary system has been derived relating the activities and partial molar enthalpies in the ternary melt to the composition and the molar enthalpy of the ternary solid. Particularly simple expressions, especially useful for compound semiconductors, were deduced from the general equation for a ternary liquid in equilibrium with i) a binary compoundA _mB_n incorporating a dilute soluteC and with ii) a continuous series of ternary solid solutions formed betweenA _mB_n andC _qB_r. Assuming regular ternary solution behavior in the melt, explicit liquidus equations for both of these cases (settingm=n=q=r=0.5) were obtained in terms of the liquid compositions and the heats of fusion of the binary compounds. It is shown that for a binary liquid, the ternary liquidus equation reduces to that of Vieland.