热处理工艺对膨胀管组织和力学性能的影响

采用两相区热处理工艺研究了膨胀管用低碳中锰钢组织演变规律和力学性能。结果表明:采用两相区热处理工艺的低碳中锰钢组织为回火索氏体+富碳马氏体/贝氏体+少量铁素体的复相组织+残余奥氏体,残余奥氏体分布在原奥氏体晶界上和马氏体/贝氏体板条界上,残余奥氏体主要通过临界淬火富集C和Mn元素达到稳定,室温下稳定的残余奥氏体含量最高可达12%。由于残余奥氏体的应变诱导塑性(TRIP)效应,低碳中锰钢具有良好的塑性,断后总延伸率高于40%,均匀延伸率高于20%。     

超细晶中锰钢温轧强化增塑机理

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机测定了不同温度下中锰钢的变形抗力,并通过分阶段拉伸、扫描电镜、电子背散射衍射、X射线衍射等实验手段,对温轧中锰钢中逆转变奥氏体的相变行为进行观察和分析。研究发现,热轧马氏体中锰钢经过600℃温轧及退火后,获得较多较稳定的残余奥氏体,从而实现强度859 MPa和延伸率36%的优良力学性能。拉伸变形前期,锯齿状流变应力现象明显,残余奥氏体提供持续的TRIP效应来提高塑性,此过程中尺寸较大的逆转变奥氏体稳定性差,变形时先发生转变;拉伸变形后期,锯齿状波动消失,超细晶铁素体和马氏体发生塑性变形,马氏体强化及铁素体中的位错强化为主要强化方式。      

逆相变退火处理Fe-Mn-C中锰钢的组织与性能

 为了研究奥氏体逆相变(austenite reverse transformation,ART)退火处理对Fe-Mn-C中锰钢的组织与性能的影响,以ART退火处理1、10和360 min后Fe-5Mn-0.2C中锰钢为基础,利用XRD、SEM等手段对其显微组织进行表征,通过WE-300型拉伸试验机和ML-10型销盘式磨料磨损试验机对其拉伸性能和耐磨性进行测试。结果表明,ART退火过程中,残余奥氏体在原奥氏体板条之间形核并长大,原始马氏体组织逐渐转变为铁素体-奥氏体板条交替分布的复合组织。随着ART退火时间的延长,残余奥氏体体积分数增加(由18.4%提高到 33.6%),Fe-5Mn-0.2C钢的综合力学性能和耐磨性随着残余奥氏体体积分数的增加而显著提高,强塑积由25 613提高到44 496 MPa·%,其耐磨性与目前广泛应用的ZGMn13耐磨钢、Hardox450耐磨钢和中碳马氏体耐磨钢相当。     

含铌冷轧DP780钢的连退工艺对组织及性能的影响

 通过成分工艺优化,在传统冷轧铁素体和马氏体双相钢DP780的显微组织上引入了一定体积分数的残余奥氏体,研究了冷轧退火工艺参数对双相钢DP780的显微组织和力学性能的影响。通过调整连续退火工艺来控制显微组织中一次铁素体、二次铁素体、马氏体、残余奥氏体的比例、尺寸、形貌、分布,同时获得了连退工艺参数-显微组织-力学性能的本质关系。结果表明,通过在传统冷轧铁素体和马氏体双相钢的组织上引入了体积分数为5%～7%的残余奥氏体,不仅可以获得[ReL/Rm≤0.5]的超低屈强比型冷轧DP780,也改善了成型性能。     

深冷对逆相变处理中锰钢组织性能的影响

为了研究原始组织状态对逆相变退火中锰钢微观组织和力学性能的影响,对淬火处理的中锰钢再进行-74℃深冷处理,采用SEM、EBSD、XRD等手段评价了逆相变退火处理后的微观组织,用单轴拉伸和冲击试验评价力学性能。研究结果表明:淬火态中锰钢的组织由马氏体和体积分数约为33%的残余奥氏体组成,深冷处理后得到残余奥氏体体积分数小于15%的细小马氏体组织;相对于淬火+逆相变处理的样品,深冷+逆相变样品奥氏体体积分数从31%提高到49%,具有更高的奥氏体稳定性使屈服强度从650 MPa提高到852 MPa,断后伸长率从22%提高到37%。     

中锰钢两相区退火奥氏体逆转变的数值分析

根据中锰钢热轧组织结构确立两相区奥氏体化的几何模型和初始条件,利用DICTRA动力学分析软件对中锰钢马氏体基体奥氏体化过程进行计算分析.在奥氏体化初期的形核过程中,马氏体中过饱和的碳锰元素从铁素体迅速转移到奥氏体并在相界面奥氏体一侧聚集.后续的相变过程中,碳在奥氏体中快速均化,但锰在相界面奥氏体一侧的聚集加剧.相变初期奥氏体界面推移速度比中后期高出若干个数量级,但随时间推移迅速衰减.相变初期相界面推移是碳扩散主导,相变后期界面推移受到锰在奥氏体中扩散速度制约.温度升高可显著提高相界面推移速度.达到相同数量奥氏体的情况下,低温长时退火有利于锰从铁素体向奥氏体转移并提高其在奥氏体中的富集度,从而提高奥氏体的稳定性.      

深冷对逆相变处理中锰钢组织性能的影响

摘要：为了研究原始组织状态对逆相变退火中锰钢微观组织和力学性能的影响,对淬火处理的中锰钢再进行-74℃深冷处理,采用SEM、EBSD、XRD等手段评价了逆相变退火处理后的微观组织,用单轴拉伸和冲击试验评价力学性能。研究结果表明：淬火态中锰钢的组织由马氏体和体积分数约为33%的残余奥氏体组成,深冷处理后得到残余奥氏体体积分数小于15%的细小马氏体组织;相对于淬火+逆相变处理的样品,深冷+逆相变样品奥氏体体积分数从31%提高到49%,具有更高的奥氏体稳定性使屈服强度从650MPa提高到852MPa,断后伸长率从22%提高到37%。     

TRIP钢单向拉伸过程的组织转变特性

采用XRD和TEM研究了低碳低合金相变诱导塑性(TRIP)钢在单向拉伸状态下的组织转变特性.用Rietveld方法拟合分析了不同应变量下TRIP钢中残余奥氏体(RA)的含量.结果表明,试验中TRIP钢中RA转变量(RA-M)随塑性应变量的增大而增加.TRIP钢变形前的组织为铁素体、贝氏体和残余奥氏体,残余奥氏体主要以晶间薄片状、块状和位于铁素体晶内的细小颗粒状三种形态存在.经拉伸变形后,晶问块状或薄片状RA在应力作用下转变为孪晶结构的马氏体,铁索体晶内的细小颗粒状RA则未发现马氏体相变,但其周围会塞积高密度位错.     

预处理组织对低碳钢IQ&P工艺下组织及性能影响

采用γ单相区和γ+α双相区轧制并淬火工艺以及双相区再加热-淬火-碳配分(IQ&P)工艺,研究预处理组织对低碳钢室温状态多相组织特征及力学性能的影响规律.实验用低碳钢经两种工艺轧制并淬火处理,获得马氏体和马氏体+铁素体的预处理组织,再经双相区IQ&P工艺处理后均获得多相组织.马氏体预处理钢的室温组织由板条状亚温铁素体、块状回火马氏体以及一定比例的针状未回火马氏体和8.2%的针状残余奥氏体组成;马氏体+铁素体预处理钢由板条状亚温铁素体、块状和针状未回火马氏体以及14.3%的短针状或块状残余奥氏体组成.在相同的双相区IQ&P工艺参数下,预处理组织为马氏体的钢抗拉强度为770 MPa,伸长率为28%,其强塑积为21560 MPa·%;而预处理组织为马氏体+铁素体的钢抗拉强度为834 MPa,伸长率增大到36.2%,强塑积达到30190 MPa·%,获得强度与塑性的优良结合.      

细晶强化和位错强化对中锰马氏体钢的强化作用

 研究了碳和锰含量对淬火中锰马氏体钢的位错密度、残余奥氏体含量、晶粒尺寸等组织结构以及室温力学性能的影响。借助于SEM、EBSD、TEM和XRD表征了材料的微观组织,探讨了马氏体钢的强化机制。结果表明:随着碳含量增加,淬火中锰钢的位错密度和残余奥氏体体积分数逐渐增加,板条束和板条块尺寸逐渐细化,大角晶界百分数逐渐增加,强度逐渐升高;增加锰含量能够提高马氏体钢的位错密度和抗拉强度。分析认为,位错强化和细晶强化是淬火中锰马氏体钢的主要强化机制。马氏体板条尺寸是马氏体抗拉强度的结构控制单元,而原奥氏体晶粒尺寸则是马氏体屈服强度的结构控制单元。     

C和Mn元素配分行为对冷轧中锰TRIP钢组织性能的影响

采用冷轧+两相区温轧退火（CR+WR+IA）热处理工艺，研究了两相区退火时间对超细晶铁素体与奥氏体中组织形貌演变、C和Mn元素配分行为以及力学性能的影响。结果表明，冷轧试验钢经两相区形变退火处理后，获得了由铁素体、残余奥氏体或新生马氏体组成的超细晶复相组织。在645℃随退火时间的延长，形变马氏体向逆相变奥氏体配分的C、Mn元素增多，C、Mn元素富集位置增加，同时富Mn区形变马氏体回复再结晶现象明显；伴随少量碳化物溶解，试验钢的屈服强度由741持续降低到325MPa。两相区退火10min时，试验钢力学性能最佳，此时抗拉强度达到最大值1141MPa，断后伸长率及均匀伸长率分别为236%和181%，强塑积达到26928MPa·%。     

Influence of intercritical annealing temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of medium Mn TRIP steel

The transformation, microstructure and mechanical properties of the 0. 2C- 5Mn TRIP steel after intercritical annealing were investigated using dilatometer, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X- ray diffraction (XRD), and tensile testing machine. The phase transformation thermodynamics of the investigated steel after intercritical annealing was calculated by Factsage software and the characteristics of the transformation were discussed. The results show that the reversed austenite content increases with the increasing of the intercritical annealing temperature, the carbon content in reversed austenite firstly increases and then decreases, manganese content in reversed austenite decreases, which results in the decreasing of the thermal stability of reversed austenite. When the intercritical annealing temperature is 700??, an obvious martensitic transformation occurs during the cooling process. With the increasing of intercritical annealing temperature, cementite is gradually dissolved, but it cannot be completely dissolved due to the short transformation time. When the intercritical annealing temperature is 600-675??, the microstructure after intercritical annealing consists of ferrite, cementite and retained austenite. When the intercritical annealing temperature is 700??, the microstructure after intercritical annealing consists of ferrite, retained austenite, martensite and a small amount of undissolved cementite. The engineering stress and strain curves of the investigated steel are significantly changed with increasing intercritical annealing temperature. At the same time, the optimal mechanical properties with tensile strength of 1138MPa and total elongation of 23% can be obtained after annealed at 675?? for 3min.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TRIP Steel with Annealed Martensite

The microstructure and mechanical properties of cold rolled TRIP steel containing C 0.2, Si 0.5, Mn 1.5, A1 1.3, and Nb-kV 0.13 （mass%） with annealed martensite （TAM steel） were investigated using optical microscopy, field emission gun scanning electronic microscope （FEG SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and mechanical testing. The mierostructure of the TAM steel mainly consisted of polygonal ferrite, bainite, annealed martensite and retained austenite. The martensite after annealing did not spheroidize, which consisted of annealed lath martensite structure and interlath second phase. Compared with the traditional TRIP steel with polygonal ferrite matrix （TPF steel）, the TAM steel has more excellent elongation rate over 32%. The TAM steel also has better strain hardening behavior than the TPF steel. The excellent elongation and strain harden- ing behavior of TAM steel result from high retained austenite stability of the TAM steel, which is attributed to its fine distribution and medium strength ratio of second phase to matrix.     

退火时间对冷轧中锰TRIP钢组织和力学性能的影响

采用CCT-AY-Ⅱ型钢板连续退火机模拟分析了退火时间对中锰TRIP钢0.1C-7Mn组织性能的影响规律.利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、电子背散射衍射和X射线能量色散谱等研究了不同工艺下制备的0.1C-7Mn钢的微观组织和成分,利用X射线衍射法测量了残留奥氏体量,利用拉伸试验测试了其力学性能.0.1C-7Mn钢在650℃保温3 min退火后获得最佳的综合力学性能,其强度为1329 MPa,总延伸率为21.3%,强塑积为28 GPa·%.分析认为,0.1C-7Mn钢的高塑性是由亚稳奥氏体的TRIP效应和超细晶铁素体共同提供的,而高强度是由退火冷却过程中奥氏体转变的马氏体和拉伸变形过程中TRIP效应转变的马氏体的强化作用造成的.      

块状组织细化对贝氏体钢断裂行为的影响

 中碳贝氏体钢由亚微米贝氏体铁素体板条和残余奥氏体组成,对韧性起主要作用的为残余奥氏体,通过细化块状组织能显著提高贝氏体钢的韧性。为了探究块状组织细化对断裂行为的影响,采用两步贝氏体等温工艺对中碳(碳质量分数为0.3%)贝氏体钢中块状组织进行细化,对拉伸和冲击性能及其裂纹扩展行为变化进行了研究。利用光学、扫描电子(SEM)、透射电子(TEM)显微镜、X射线衍射(XRD)等对试验钢的显微组织类型和尺寸、拉伸和冲击性能及断口形貌进行表征和分析。结果表明,与一步贝氏体工艺相比,两步贝氏体工艺中新形成的贝氏体铁素体分割细化块状马氏体+残余奥氏体,随着真应变的增加,加工硬化的效果更好;断裂形式为韧性断裂,且韧窝的数量、深度更优于一步贝氏体转变,塑韧性更佳。     

Mechanical Property and Microstructural Characterization of C-Mn-Al-Si Hot Dip Galvanizing TRIP Steel

 Mechanical properties and microstructure in high strength hot dip galvanizing TRIP steel were investigated by optical microscope (OM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dilatometry and mechanical testing. On the heat treatment process of different intercritical annealing (IA) temperatures, isothermal bainitic transformation (IBT) temperatures and IBT time, this steel shows excellent mechanical properties with tensile strength over 780 MPa and elongation more than 22%. IBT time is a crucial factor in determining the mechanical properties as it confirms the bainite transformation process, as well as the microstructure of the steel. The microstructure of the hot dip galvanizing TRIP steel consisted of ferrite, bainite, retained austenite and martensite during the short IBT time. The contents of ferrite, bainite, retained austenite and martensite with different IBT time were calculated. The results showed that when IBT time increased from 20 to 60 s, the volume of bainite increased from 14.31% to 16.95% and the volume of retained austenite increased from 13.64% to 16.28%; meanwhile, the volume of martensite decreased from 7.18% to 1.89%. Both the transformation induced plasticity of retained austenite and the hardening of martensite are effective, especially, the latter plays a dominant role in the steel containing 7.18% martensite which shows similar strength characteristics as dual-phase steel, but a better elongation. When martensite volume decreases to 1.89%, the steel shows typical mechanical properties of TRIP, as so small amount of martensite has no obvious effect on the mechanical properties.     

临界退火中锰钢的组织性能和变形行为

 为了研究临界退火中锰钢的微观组织演变规律以及组织对力学性能和变形行为的影响,对冷轧中锰钢(0.1C-7Mn-0.35Si)在570～650 ℃范围内进行了临界退火处理。研究结果表明,随着退火温度升高,双相“奥氏体+铁素体”组织逐步趋于等轴化且晶粒有粗化的趋势,并且在650 ℃时出现了马氏体组织;试验钢的抗拉强度随温度升高而增加,而伸长率和屈服强度均呈下降趋势,局部不均匀变形带随着退火温度升高逐步弱化,在620和650 ℃时完全消失;在相对较高的退火温度下,粗化的等轴奥氏体晶粒中形变诱导马氏体相变的增强和大尺寸的铁素体晶粒中动态回复的减弱,以及更高温度时马氏体的引入等,均改善了屈服阶段的加工硬化能力,从而有效减弱或抑制吕德斯带的扩展。     

Influences of Austenization Temperature and Annealing Time on Duplex Ultrafine Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Medium Mn Steel

A duplex ultrafine microstructure in a medium manganese steel(0.2C-5Mn)was produced by austenite reverted transformation annealing(ART-annealing).The microstructural evolution during annealing was examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).Based on the microstructure examination,it was found that some M3 C type carbides appeared in the martensitic matrix at the beginning of the ART-annealing.But with further increasing annealing time,these carbides would be dissolved and finally disappeared.Meanwhile,the austenite lath was developed in the ART-annealing process and the volume fraction of austenite increased with the increase of the annealing time,which resulted in a duplex microstructure consisting of ultrafine-grained ferrite and large fraction of reverted austenite after long time annealing.The mechanical property examinations by uniaxial tensile tests showed that ART-annealing(6h,650 ℃)resulted in a superhigh product of strength to elongation up to 42GPa·%.     

两相区退火处理含铝中锰钢的组织和力学性能

 为了研究两相区退火处理对冷轧含铝中锰钢(0.2C-0.6Si-5Mn-1.2Al)(质量分数,%)微观组织和力学性能的影响规律,利用SEM、XRD及单轴拉伸等试验方法表征了不同工艺状态后的微观组织及测试了拉伸性能。结果表明,冷轧试验钢在退火过程中组织发生奥氏体逆转变,在退火温度为670 ℃、退火时间为10 min时可获得较佳的力学性能,即抗拉强度达到1 276 MPa,总伸长率达到51.8%,强塑积高达66.1 GPa·%。随着退火温度升高,残余奥氏体组织逐渐粗化且向马氏体组织转变,机械稳定性逐渐降低。残余奥氏体机械稳定性主要受残余奥氏体中碳质量分数及其晶粒尺寸的影响,而残余奥氏体中锰质量分数对其影响较小。     

中锰钢的研究进展与前景

总结了国内外中锰钢研究现状, 对文献中中锰钢的成分设计、成型工艺、热处理工艺、组织性能调控等进行汇总分析, 得到了合金元素、成型工艺、微观组织结构和热处理对力学性能的影响规律, 并对中锰钢的性能例如lüders带和PLC带对加工硬化率的影响、氢致延迟开裂性能给予了重点关注和讨论; 同时提出借鉴第二代先进高强钢(纯奥氏体相)"层错能"这一控制形变模式的概念, 对中锰钢中奥氏体相的形变模式提出预测; 最后对目前中锰钢研究的争议问题、发展前景及未来可能面对的问题进行阐述.