高强度及超高强度双相不锈钢线材的应用

1前言 如今在许多领域中双相不锈钢被视为经久耐用的代名词。这主要是南于双相不锈钢兼具高强度、高塑性和优异的耐蚀性能。同溶条件下的双相不锈钢其强度约为奥氏体不锈钢的两倍。SAF2205是一种传统中等合金含量的双相不锈钢，具有高的耐蚀、力学性能和良好的焊接性能。SAF2205和其他2205型双相钢牌号之间的不同在于SAF2205成分控制范围更窄。     

固溶温度对2205双相不锈钢氢脆敏感性的影响

采用光学显微镜、慢应变速率拉伸、扫描电镜研究了2205双相不锈钢固溶温度与氢脆敏感性的关系。结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高,2205双相不锈钢中铁素体含量升高,奥氏体含量降低。奥氏体含量为48.8%时,2205双相不锈钢具有最低的氢脆敏感性,随着铁素体含量的上升,其氢脆敏感性逐渐升高。二次裂纹的产生和发展过程表明2205双相不锈钢氢脆敏感性是由奥氏体相的含量和晶粒尺寸所决定的。     

热处理对2205双相不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响

研究了热处理对2205双相不锈钢两相比例及耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明，不同热处理制度下，2205双相不锈钢两相比例差别很大，且耐蚀性能也有很大不同。     

美标低温管性价比分析

以304不锈钢和2205双相不锈钢为参照,从化学成分、物理性能、力学性能、管道壁厚及其支架等诸多方面定性分析了Gr.3和Gr.8美标低温管的性价比。相比于304不锈钢,Gr.3的导热系数大且热膨胀系数小,不宜用304不锈钢替代Gr.3作低温传热管。基于强度对比,为降低质量和减少支架等,不宜用304不锈钢和2205双相不锈钢分别替代Gr.3和Gr.8作管道。Gr.3性价比高于304不锈钢,Gr.8性价比不仅高于304不锈钢,还高于2205双相不锈钢。     

信息博览

宝钢试制成功高强度双相不锈钢2205热轧带钢日前,宝钢成功试制出高强度双相不锈钢2205热轧带钢这一不锈钢中的顶级产品。经检验,其性能和质量接近同类进口产品。宝钢也是目前国内唯一试制出此种不锈钢的钢铁企业。     

2205双相不锈钢热轧裂边成因分析与改善

论述了2205双相不锈钢热轧裂边问题与精炼炉添加高铅萤石有关,过量的铅元素残留于钢液中,导致钢坯热塑性恶化而产生热轧裂边缺陷,通过管控精炼炉所添加萤石中的铅含量,2205双相不锈钢热轧裂边问题得到有效解决。     

2205双相不锈钢边裂缺陷形成原因分析

采用金相显微镜及扫描电镜观察2205双相不锈钢热轧板边裂缺陷,通过夹杂物和微观组织分析,研究了边裂缺陷的形成原因.结果表明,2205双相不锈钢热轧边裂缺陷是由于边部奥氏体晶粒粗大、铁素体和奥氏体两相比例不协调引起的.根据上述原因提出了相应的改进建议.     

国产的53艘不锈钢化学品船全部用太钢双相不锈钢

今年上半年，太钢完成了三艘化学品船用双相不锈钢的交库任务。近年来，用国内材料制造的53艘不锈钢化学品船全部使用太钢不锈钢，有效地替代了进口。其中，3艘为2205双相不锈钢制造，实现了双相不锈钢在造船行业的历史性突破。     

经济型双相不锈钢2101中氮化物在基体中的平衡固溶度计算

为了解析出物对经济型双相不锈钢2101热塑性的影响机制,对比了相同工艺下2101和2205双相不锈钢在热变形过程中相界析出物产生的规律.结果表明:2101钢比2205钢的相界处更倾向于产生析出物,促使后续热变形过程中相界产生裂纹,进而影响材料的热塑性.根据热力学相关数据,通过Thermo-Calc和实验测试数据,推导出2101和2205双相不锈钢析出物Cr₂N的平衡固溶度公式,计算实验钢中析出物Cr₂N的全固溶温度,同时引入Wagner相互作用系数,考虑了Ni、Mn、Mo和Si对固溶度积公式的影响.发现2101双相不锈钢中Cr₂N的全固溶温度比2205钢高100℃左右,计算结果和实验结果吻合较好.实际生产过程中必须控制双相不锈钢热轧的终轧温度到全固溶温度以上,否则相界容易产生氮化物析出,影响材料热塑性.      

2205双相不锈钢中σ相的析出规律

研究了2205双相不锈钢中σ相的析出规律及原始组织对析出规律的影响.分别对铸态试样和热轧态试样进行了不同工艺条件的固溶处理实验,并对实验后试样进行了显微组织的观察和分析.结果表明,2205双相不锈钢中σ相析出的鼻尖温度为850℃;变形会使σ相的析出温度升高,孕育期缩短,析出速度增大;工业生产2205双相不锈钢热轧卷板时轧件终轧后应采用较快冷却速度冷却到卷取温度,以避免σ相的析出给热轧卷板开卷及后续工序带来困难.     

Slab-on-Grade versus Framed Slab

This paper presents comprehensive and practical engineering review (not mathematics or computer science paper) of the observed behavior of the two types of slabs that have been used for the bottom floor slabs, at grade and underground, of buildings in the United States and overseas. The typical design of the slab-on-grade (SOG) built in the United States is described. The design requires only nominal reinforcing steel, but modern day design also requires ground preparation and improvement as necessary, including underslab perforated drainage pipe network embedded in the granular subbase, riser pipes, and a series of pumps. Sealing at all slab isolation joints and waterproofing membrane or water barrier system are provided for water tightness. The framed slab is supported directly on the building framing and on the building foundation. The design can accommodate the soil and underground water pressure and in itself is watertight as the slab is cast monolithically with the structural walls and footings. The behavior of the SOG depends so much on the behavior (soil properties) of the soil strata on which the slab is resting on. It is sensitive to the variation of the soil conditions at and around building foundations, leading to uneven bumpy and cracked slab and leaking basement. These were demonstrated in the report of short- and long-term performances of various projects in Thailand and United States in the past 25 years. The paper refers to various analysis and design techniques that may be used to improve the design of both the SOG and the framed slab for serviceability and economy. It is concluded that both types of slabs may be selected to suit the functions and serviceability requirements of the buildings. The SOG requires less concrete and reinforcement than those for the framed slab counterpart, but when all other factors are considered including additional underslab drainage and pump system, operating, and long-term performance and maintenance, the overall costs of both slabs may not be far apart, yet the performance and integrity of the framed slab will certainly be superior.     

以数字基建支撑钢铁行业内涵式发展

 为了研究数据在钢铁行业的生态化利用问题,介绍了中国钢铁行业发展面临的新形势,以及新发展阶段对钢铁企业的新型能力要求,阐述了钢铁行业存在的问题及发展趋势,分析了钢铁行业数据资源特点及数字赋能基础,数据要素与土地、劳动力、资本、技术等传统生产要素不断交叉融合,从提升企业核心竞争力、优化行业资源配置、支撑政府行业治理3个层面,总结了钢铁行业数据发力的重点领域,提出以基于区块链的“数字基建”构建行业新型信用体系,支撑钢铁内涵式发展。     

不同市场条件下金属露天矿分期方案动态优化

不同市场条件下金属露天矿分期方案动态优化有关于金属露天矿分期方案动态优化的整体方案的设计与实施,是结合采选联合优化的一部分内容,针对地下采选一体化实现的露天金属矿采选联合优化,露天金属矿采选联合优化也是与金属露天矿分期方案动态优化相关,对于采选联合优化的选矿过程都是存有金属露天矿分期方案动态优化的内容,这就需要施工人员和设计者在涉及到井下的内部转化以及其他金属露天矿分期方案动态优化部分的过程中能够对于一些采选联合优化的内涵做出详尽的了解和分析。比如地下采矿中通常采用一体化设计,但是这种设计的缺点就是难以进行露天金属矿采选联合优化,但是对于矿山开展的试验性研究工作还是有利的,能够实现按空间位置的一体化是采选联合优化的内涵及发展历程的关键。     

铜萃取电积厂的设计探讨

根据长期的设计工作经验和生产实践,针对铜萃取电积工艺设计的相关问题进行探讨,并提出适用的设计方案。其中,工艺部分包括铜萃取电积工艺方案的确定、萃取剂的选用、相连续的控制等;设备及厂房布置部分探讨了设备和管路的适宜材质,溶液池容积和结构形式、设备选择和厂房布置方式;根据车间生产介质的性质采用相应的消防方式;最后介绍了该工艺的投资成本及技术经济指标。     

Analysis of Arch Dams Using Coupled Trial Load and Block Element Methods

This paper presents the use of the trial load method and the block element method with elastoviscoplastic discontinuities for analysis of arch dams. The arch dam is considered as an arch-cantilever system and the foundation as a block element system. With the displacement compatibility condition at the contact surface of the dam and the foundation (including abutment), the governing equations of the arch dam and foundation are established. These methods are used for the analysis of the double curvature arch dam with complex geology conditions of the Xiaowan Hydroelectric Project in China. The deformation and stress states in both the dam body and the foundation are determined. Furthermore, the stability safety factors of the foundation and the abutment are calculated at the same time, which allows for an optimal design of the arch dam considering the strength, the deformation and the stability of the dam and foundation.     

RC Slabs Strengthened with Prestressed and Gradually Anchored CFRP Strips under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading

This paper presents the test results of reinforced concrete slabs strengthened with prestressed and gradually anchored carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips under monotonic and cyclic loading. To take full advantage of the externally bonded CFRP technique, it is beneficial to apply the laminates in a prestressed state, which relieves the stress in the steel reinforcement and reduces crack widths and deflection. The aim of the monotonic tests was to determine the strengthening efficiency of the new prestressing technique and to investigate serviceability and ultimate states. The cyclic tests were performed to identify the fatigue behavior of the strengthened slabs and to investigate the influence of long-term cyclic loading and elevated temperature on the bond properties of the prestressed CFRP laminates and the ductility and flexural strength of the strengthened slabs. A nonlinear analytical model of reinforced concrete members strengthened with passive and prestressed CFRP strips under static loading is proposed in the paper. A comparison of the experimental and predicted results reveals an excellent agreement in the full range of loading.     

火炮身管用钢现状及发展趋势

火炮身管用钢决定了身管类武器的使用性能，影响火炮的作战持续性与机动性。通过对国内外火炮身管用钢合金成分体系、制造工艺流程、材料主要性能指标总结分析，指出当前国内外炮钢主要牌号、性能水平以及存在高温性能不足的问题。通过调研国内外火炮用钢最新研究成果以及身管武器整体技术需求，总结和展望了火炮身管用钢的研究现状和发展趋势，针对大口径火炮研制高强韧炮钢以减轻壁厚和质量，针对中小口径速射火炮研制耐烧蚀性能炮钢以提高使用寿命。     

Time for Development of Internal Erosion and Piping in Embankment Dams

A method is presented for the approximate estimation of the time for progression of internal erosion and piping, and development of a breach leading to failure in embankment dams and their foundations. The method accounts for the nature of the soils in the dam core, the foundation, and the materials in the downstream zone of the dam.?Guidance is also provided on the detectability of internal erosion and piping, taking account of the mechanism of initiation, continuation, and progression to form a breach, for internal erosion and piping in the embankment, the foundation and from the embankment to foundation.?It is shown that in many dams which have poor internal erosion and seepage control and are constructed mainly of earthfill, the time for potential development of piping is short, and for these dams continuous monitoring of seepage or surveillance would be needed to detect the piping in time to give warning of possible failure, and to give time to attempt intervention to prevent the failure.     

高炉炼铁数据缺失处理研究初探

针对高炉炼铁过程中的数据缺失问题,提出以单维结合多维的系统化数据填补模式。总结并阐述数据缺失填补办法的发展现状以及优劣势比较。在此基础上,通过对河北某钢铁厂的实际高炉生产数据进行分类比较,并结合填补办法的优缺点,针对高炉炼铁数据提出一套以简单统计类办法、线性插值法、机器学习法等多种办法相结合的方案,以实现高炉数据的深度整合及处理,满足数据挖掘工作的供数需求。同时选取了炉顶温度、氧气管道温度作为数据样本,利用临近点中间值法、临近点均值法、线性插值法、Adaboost算法等对样本数据进行了填补且填补效果较为理想,充分验证了方案的可行性。     

From the editors.

Introduces the articles appearing in this issue of Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. Of particular interest in this issue are the breadth and the rigor of the methodology that underlie the substantive and theoretical issues addressed in the work. The issue begins with an article from Dean Keith Simonton, who looks at the idea of what success in film is and how different indicators of success (critical, box office, etc.) are related to one another over the life of a film. Paul Silvia, James C. Kaufman, and Jean Pretz then address the question of the domain specificity of creativity. The third article shifts to the field of music and looks at the relationship between personality characteristics and how people use music in their lives. The next article reports the results of an experimental design that looked at recognition of objects in cubist paintings and pupil dilation after having made a classification of an object. The next article looks at differences in the motivations and personality characteristics of individuals who visit modern art museums versus ancient art museums. Next, Patricia Stokes uses the problem-solving approaches of Reitman and Simon in a case study examining the sculpture of Richard Serra. The issue concludes with an analysis of the idea of “lived experience” as it relates to the psychology of aesthetics and art making. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)