低钠煅烧氧化铝α相变影响因素剖析

本文扼要介绍随着煅烧温度的不断提高,氧化铝由γ相、θ相等不稳定相转变成稳定α相的晶型转变和相变机理;特别是结合生产实践,重点对低钠煅烧氧化铝α相变影响因素进行剖析,从不同厂家原料选择、添加矿化剂类型、α相籽晶添加量、原料粒度不同、杂质氧化钠含量、煅烧前进行球磨细化处理和煅烧温度控制等7个方面,详细剖析了影响低钠氧化铝α相变的因素;最后,总结出生产低α相氧化铝、高α相氧化铝及混合α相氧化铝的控制方法和措施。     

添加剂对超细α-Al2O3的制备及其性能影响

采用硫酸铝和碳酸铵为原料，通过沉淀法制备前驱体碱式碳酸铝铵，采用分散剂及添加剂（MC）防止粉体颗粒的团聚，着重考查了MC在干燥、煅烧过程中的作用．研究表明，MC能有效防止前驱体在干燥过程中的团聚，促进氧化铝在煅烧过程中的相变，大幅度降低了α-Al2O3的相变温度，同时还使颗粒维持在相对“动态”的煅烧状态，减轻了颗粒形成煅烧颈及其他硬团聚的趋势，从而改善了粉体颗粒的分散性能．BET及ICP分析结果表明，MC的引入还有利于产物α-Al2O3比表面积的提高，而且对煅烧产物的杂质元素含量没有影响，产物中氧化铝的质量分数高达99．97％．     

添加剂对超细α-Al2O3的制备及其性能影响

采用硫酸铝和碳酸铵为原料,通过沉淀法制备前驱体碱式碳酸铝铵,采用分散剂及添加剂(MC)防止粉体颗粒的团聚,着重考查了MC在干燥、煅烧过程中的作用.研究表明,MC能有效防止前驱体在干燥过程中的团聚,促进氧化铝在煅烧过程中的相变,大幅度降低了α-Al2O3的相变温度,同时还使颗粒维持在相对"动态"的煅烧状态,减轻了颗粒形成煅烧颈及其他硬团聚的趋势,从而改善了粉体颗粒的分散性能.BET及ICP分析结果表明,MC的引入还有利于产物α-Al2O3比表面积的提高,而且对煅烧产物的杂质元素含量没有影响,产物中氧化铝的质量分数高达99.97%.     

中和法制取Al2O3微粉时晶种对相变温度的影响

在中和沉淀法制备超细氧化铝粉末时，存在目前科研人员普遍难以解决的团聚问题。在由氢氧化铝粉末煅烧得到氧化铝的过程中，由于煅烧温度过高，原本超细的粉末发生了严重的团聚，针对此问题，文章通过添加晶种的方法来降低相变温度，使得在相对较低温度条件下即可得到α—Al2O3。取得了较好的试验结果，将相变温度降低了200℃左右，有效地防止了团聚现象的发生。     

液相法间接制备α-Al2O3粉体的形貌控制

评述了液相法间接制备α-Al2O3粉体过程中，氧化铝前驱体特性和煅烧工艺对α-Al2O3粉体形貌的影响及其控制方法。根据目前在控制氧化铝前驱体形貌方面取得的进展和前驱体转化为α-Al2O3后较难保持其形状的不足，对α-Al2O3粉体形貌控制的研究与开发提出了建议。     

超声辐射作用下湿法制备Al2O3纳米粉

采用湿化学法在超声辐射作用下制备了纳米Al2O3粉体, 研究了超声辐射对前驱体颗粒从沉淀向凝胶转变过程中的作用, 探讨了超声辐射对前驱体向氧化铝转变过程中相变的影响. 结果表明, 超声辐射能延缓陈化过程中沉淀向凝胶的转变, 并可适当增大凝胶孔径从而减小毛细管力, 获得疏松多孔、不含大量吸附水的前驱体, 这种前驱体干燥煅烧后可得粒径细小、少团聚的纳米粉体;超声频率越高, 反应过程中越易造成前驱体的高能缺陷和产生晶格畸变, 使得高温晶型Al2O3的形成温度降低而结晶程度提高.     

低碳钢固态相变过程的原位观察

利用共焦激光扫描显微镜（CSLM）原位观察了低碳钢升温及降温过程中的固态相变,直接观测出升温时低温铁素体（α）到奥氏体（γ）以及奥氏体（γ）到高温铁素体（δ）的相变温度,和降温时δ到γ以及γ到α的相变温度。结果表明,随着升温速率从75℃／min升至130℃／min,α—γ相变开始温度从961．6℃升至1014．0℃、γ→δ相变开始温度从1351℃升至1386．9℃;降温时随着降温速率的增大（70℃／min增至530℃／min）,γ—α相变开始温度从871．6℃降至858．4℃。在升温速率为130℃／min的情况下,随着升温最大值的提高（1300℃至1480℃）,γ—α相变温度降低,相变开始温度从895．2℃降至858．4℃。     

新型钛合金连续加热过程中的相变研究

采用热膨胀法和金相法研究了以5℃/min的加热速率连续加热某Ti-Al-Mo-Cr-Zr-Si系新型钛合金过程中的相变过程、组织演变规律以及α相→β相的转变速率。结果表明:该合金连续加热过程中,在280~505℃温度范围内,板条状α相逐渐长大,且含量逐渐增多,发生β→α相变;在505~610℃温度范围内,板条状α相变细、变短,发生由短程扩散控制的α→β相变,此阶段温度对α相→β相的转变速率影响不大;在610~930℃温度范围内,板条状α相含量明显减少,直至消失,发生由长程扩散控制的α→β相变,此阶段α相→β相的转变速率随着温度的升高明显加快,当温度达到900℃时,α相→β相的转变速率逐渐减缓。     

TC11钛合金相变点的测定与分析

采用计算法、差示扫描量热法和连续升温金相法3种手段计算和测定了TC11两相钛合金（α＋β）/β相变点。计算法由于各元素及杂质元素含量对相变点的影响值是在一个含量范围内的计算值，因此计算的相变点与实测值是接近的；差示扫描量热法由于钛合金和坩埚的化学反应，产生相变滞后现象，导致所测相变温度过高；而连续升温金相法由于淬火温度间隔选择较小，测量的准确性较高，因此更能准确测量TC11钛合金相变温度。通过连续升温金相法，观察不同淬火温度的试样在光学显微镜下的显微组织变化，发现升温过程中初生α相完全消失的温度，从而确定了TC11钛合金的相变点为1035℃。并分析了不同钛合金之间相变点差异的原因。     

加热速度对BT25钛合金α→β相变的影响

采用高精度差分膨胀仪DIL805A/D测试了BT25钛合金在不同加热速度下的线膨胀曲线,并获得了合金在相应加热速度下的β相变温度。为了验证膨胀法得到的BT25钛合金β相变温度的准确性,用金相显微镜和定量分析软件分析了β相变温度附近不同温度保温后冷却得到的金相组织中相的相对含量和组织演变规律。根据膨胀曲线分析了BT25合金在加热过程中,不同温度范围内的相变情况。最后,采用杠杆定律得到不同加热过程中BT25合金α→β相变时α相转变体积分数与温度之间的变化关系。研究结果表明:膨胀法能够准确测定不同加热速度下钛合金的α→β相变点;随着加热速度的增加,BT25钛合金α→β相变的起始温度和结束温度都升高,相变温度区间变窄,相变速率明显增大。相变速率峰值和出现峰值的温度随着加热速度的增加也增大;利用Kissinger方程计算得出了加热过程中BT25钛合金α→β相变激活能为953.15 k J·mol~(-1)。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Concept of freedom of infection of animal flocks

Totally negative results of epidemiological investigation of random samples do not prove the absence of the infection as the pathogen may be restricted to only a few animals in the herd for a long time. The statement "absence of infection" is critical for such situations. The question is raised, whether the statement "absence of infection" should be generally avoided. Classification of herds and flocks according to the prevalence of the pathogen would be more valid for the implementation of control measures.     

显微维氏硬度测量不确定度评定

对显微维氏硬度测量不确定度进行评定，建立了不确定度计算的数学模型，确定了影响实验结果的各项因素，计算出了各因素的标准不确定度，得出结果的扩展不确定度，并给出最终测量结果的表达式。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.