爆炸复合材料的压力加工

本文以爆炸复合板的轧制为例，综述了金属爆炸复合材料压力加工的特点及其工艺，组织，性能和应用。指出、爆炸焊接和压力加工的联合，是生产各种形状，尺寸，性能和用途的金属复合材料的一条新的和重要的途径。     

铜-钛爆炸复合板的轧制

本文叙述铜-钛复合板的爆炸焊接和后续轧制工艺、它的组织和性能,简述了这种复合材料可能应用的领域,指出了爆炸焊接和轧制等常规压力加工工艺的联合是生产各种各样金属复合材料的一个有效途径。     

国外双金属复合管生产工艺

双金属复合管是一种高效复合材料,它由两种不同金属通过一定的工艺方法结合而成。这种管材具有成本低廉、用途广泛、综合性能好等优点。国外采用的工艺方法主要有离心铸造、爆炸焊接、热膨胀焊接、热扩散焊接及热压力加工等。本文着重介绍了国外的发展及生产工艺,并对有关技术问题进行了评述。     

铜—硬铝（Ly2M）复合板的爆炸焊接

本文研究了铜－硬铝（Ｌｙ２Ｍ）复合板爆炸焊接的工艺、组织和性能，介绍了这种复合材料可能的应用，简单地探讨了爆炸焊接的金属物理学原理。     

爆炸焊接和其他爆炸加工工艺在核工程中的应用

综述爆炸焊接技术在核工程的异种金属焊接和金属复合材料生产方面的应用，还介绍了其他爆炸加工新技术在核工程中的应用。     

Cu/Al复合材料界面组织与性能的研究进展

Cu/Al复合材料拥有优异的导电、导热性能及良好的耐腐蚀性，被广泛应用于通讯、电力和新能源等领域。作为异种金属连接形成的复合材料，其在制备过程中最大的难点在于消除异种金属间热膨胀系数差异等物理性质引起的缺陷，且连接处的界面间组织是影响其性能的主要因素，所以对此进行研究十分重要。综述了超声波焊接、搅拌摩擦焊、爆炸焊和铸造法下Cu/Al复合材料界面金属间化合物（IMC）的种类、形成机理，同时总结了Cu/Al复合材料性能改进常用的辅助手段：在等离子焊接和真空铸造工艺中添加微量元素；在拉拔旋压、轧制和爆炸焊后进行热处理；在超声波焊接、轧制中进行电脉冲辅助。国内外研究者们还广泛应用计算机模拟技术来研究Cu/Al复合材料的界面组织和性能。采用自主研发的冲击射流复合铸造工艺成功制备出Cu/Al复合材料，界面组织为Al2 Cu， AlCu和Al4Cu9，最大结合强度为23 MPa。     

金属复合材料加工工艺的研究

金属复合材料由多种金属复合而成,同时具备了多种金属的优点,并且改善了单一金属的强度,导电性,耐冲击性等特点,在我国的各个领域都有广泛的应用,为我国的经济和社会的发展都做出了巨大的贡献,但是同时其加工难度比较大,工艺也复杂。因此文本对金属复合材料的发展进行了概述,介绍了金属复合材料的多种制造工艺,并提出了金属复合材料加工工艺的未来发展方向,提高金属复合材料加工的效益。     

爆炸焊接金属复合材料中的“飞线”

本文探讨了爆炸焊接金属复合材料中“飞线”(绝热剪切线)产生的原因、条件、性质和影响,以及减少和消除它的措施和办法。指出,这种“飞线”是爆炸复合材料中发生的许多物理和化学变化之一。它的出现主要与金属的 A_K 值的大小和爆炸载荷的强弱密切相关。本质上,“飞线”是金属材料在爆炸载荷下发生的塑性变形的一种特球形式,这种塑性变形线还是一种裂纹源。“飞线”的存在对爆炸复合材料的成品率、后续加工和使用会产生许多不利的影响。     

绿色加工在国外兴起

据美国《先进材料与工艺》杂志近期报道,在许多国家已经发起绿色加工(Green Manufacturing)的倡议,所谓“绿色加工“是在产品设计、材料选择、加工工艺设计的初始阶段,提出在产品设计、材料选择和材料加工方面关注和环境、能源有关问题的解决方案,而不是在加工工艺的末期采用关注环境影响、能源消耗和加工工艺的方法论或原理来开发一种产品。汽车制动系统的先进的金属复合材料新开发的先进金属复合材料(Advanced MetallicComposites)简称AMC已经用于汽车制动系统,该材料的刚度、低密度、热机性能的综合特性,可以用该材料来生产高性能刹…     

爆炸焊接和金属复合材料

本文简述了金属爆炸焊接的过程及其金属物理学本质，综述了金属爆炸复合材料的一般情况、分类和现在已收集到的双金属和多金属的品种，展望了爆炸焊接和用此新工艺和新技术生产的金属复合材料的发展前景。     

采用爆炸-轧制法制备钛/铝复合板

主要对制备1．5mm钛／铝复合薄板的爆炸一轧制工艺进行了实验研究。通过实验，确定了TA1和2A12这两种合金的爆炸焊接工艺参数。为了解决单张复合板在轧制过程中缠绕轧辊的问题，提出了两张爆炸焊接钛／铝复合板的对称轧制工艺，并且得到了成功的应用。对于轧制过程中复合板钛层表面出现的间歇性开裂现象，也进行了详细的分析。两种基体金属流动变形的不同步性以及铝对钛产生的不均匀牵引变形力是导致复合板钛层表面开裂的主要原因。     

不锈钢─碳钢大厚复合板坯的爆炸焊接和轧制

介绍了不锈钢─碳钢大厚复合板坯的爆炸焊接和热、冷轧工艺，及其在不同状态下的成分、组织和性能。探讨了爆炸焊接和爆炸复合材料轧制的机理。叙述了这种复合材料的用途。     

爆炸焊接与金属材料的保护

用爆炸焊接技术生产的许多带有耐蚀复层的金属复合材料，能够卓有成效地解决生产和科学技术中大量的金属材料的保护问题。以大量实例综述了爆炸焊接和爆炸复合材料在金属材料保护中的应用。     

Fracture behaviours of fracture toughness testing specimens with metallurgical heterogeneity along crack front

Safe use of welded structures is dependent on fracture mechanics properties of welded joints. In present research, high strength low alloyed HSLA steel in a quenched and tempered condition, corresponding to the grade HT 80, was used. The fluxo cored arc welding process (FCAW), with CO₂ as shielding gas, was used and two different tubular wires were selected. The aim of this paper is to analyse fracture behaviour of undermatched welded joints, and also to determine relevant parameters which contribute to higher critical values of fracture toughness. Towards this end three differently undermatched welded joints were analysed using results of testing the composite notched specimens with through thickness crack front positioned partly in the weld metal, partly in heat affected zone (HAZ) and partly in base material (BM).The presence of different microstructures along the pre‐crack fatigue front has an important effect on the critical crack tip opening displacement (CTOD). This value is the relevant parameter for safe service of welded structure. In the case of specimens with through thickness notch partly in the weld metal, partly in the heat affected zone and partly in the base material, i.e. using the composite notched specimen, fracture behaviour strongly depends on a partition of ductile base material, size and distribution of mismatching factor along vicinity of crack front. If local brittle zones occur in the process zone, ductile base metal can not prevent pop‐in instability, but it can reduce it to an insignificant level while the fracture toughness parameter is higher and the weakest link concept can not be applied.     

爆炸焊接和金属复合材料

简述了金属爆炸焊接的过程和它的金属物理学本质。总结了它的特点和应用,介绍了用爆炸焊接法生产的金属复合材料的品种和分类,由于此项技术可观的经济价值,将会在我国具有广阔的应用前景。     

Precise Material Properties as a Prerequisite for FE‐Analysis of the Hydroforming of Tailored Welded Blanks

Tailored welded blanks are already used in the series production of deep drawn parts, and are now considered also for other forming technologies, like for example hydroforming. As new materials come into the market, also their combinations in the production of new tailored welded blanks increase, improving on the one hand the possibilities of matching material and functional requirements, but making the material characterisation more difficult on the other hand. For this reason new methods for a fast, precise and flexible characterisation of the mechanical and tribological properties of tailored welded blanks are needed. In particular the FE‐analysis, a powerful instrument for the definition and optimisation of forming processes, needs precise and reproducible material data in order to deliver accurate results. Therefore, when working with tailored welded blanks, it is crucial that the weld line is modelled using mechanical and tribological properties which refer to its structure and surface. This work summarises the methods used for the characterisation of the mechanical properties of the weld line at the chair of manufacturing technology in Erlangen and presents the results obtained for four different steel grades (FeP04, ZStE340, DP450 and TRIP800) and the tailored welded blanks obtained by their combinations. The accuracy of the results obtained in tensile and in friction tests were verified in simple experiments by comparing results from the tests with results from the finite element analysis. These were seen to be in very good accordance, confirming the accuracy of methods used in the material characterisation.     

Formability of friction-stir-welded dissimilar-aluminum-alloy sheets

Friction stir welding (FSW) was investigated as a method for joining dissimilar-aluminum alloys 5182-O, 5754-O, and 6022-T4. These alloys are used in automotive applications in which parts consisting of dissimilar welded combinations of these alloys may be of interest. This study focuses on the formability of friction-stir-welded, dissimilar-alloy pairs of essentially the same gage, in order to investigate the mechanical properties that can be obtained using this approach. Testing showed that the properties of welded 5182/5754 alloy pairs retained reasonably good formability compared to base material performance. However, the 5182/6022 and 5754/6022 alloy pairs had significantly reduced formability compared to the base material properties, with failures occurring in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the 6022 or in the weld nugget itself. However, this level of formability was not much worse than that of monolithic, friction-stir-welded 6022.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Electroslag Strip and Explosively Clad Low Alloy Steel: Stainless Steel Joints

The surface properties such as wear, corrosion, oxidation resistance etc., can be improved by using suitable cladding technique. The most commonly used cladding material is stainless steel for cladding on carbon and low alloy steel base materials. Mechanical properties are considered important for satisfactory performance of clad joints used in several defence applications. In this work, cladding of a high strength low alloy steel with stainless steel was carried out using explosive cladding and electroslag strip cladding processes. The relationship between mechanical properties and microstructure of clad materials was evaluated. The bond interface in explosively clad material shows a wavy interface compared to strip clad interface. Electron probe microanalysis revealed that inter-diffusion of elements was significant in strip clad joints and insignificant in explosively clad joints. Shear strength, notch tensile strength and impact toughness of explosive clad joints are much superior compared to those in strip clad joints.     

钛/钢复合板及其制备应用研究现状与发展趋势

随着钛/钢复合板的应用领域不断拓展,市场对钛/钢复合板的尺寸和性能都提出了新的要求,现有的制备方法和工艺也面临着巨大挑战。本文从原材料情况、复合板尺寸、界面特征和力学性能等方面概述了钛/钢复合板研究现状,评述了钛/钢复合板目前的主要制备方法及其优缺点,综述了表面处理方法、热轧温度、过渡层金属和热处理工艺对钛/钢复合板界面结合质量的影响,阐述了钛/钢复合板的应用现状,指出了钛/钢复合板面临的主要问题及未来的重点研究方向。