破伤风疫苗免疫供血浆者抗-TT血浆效价观察与分析

目的 分析破伤风疫苗免疫对不同性别和年龄段供血浆者抗-TT效价变化,为提高抗-TT高效价血浆采集量提供参考依据.方法 对符合规定的志愿供血浆者按不同年龄段分组,以相同的疫苗剂量和免疫程序进行免疫.采用ELISA定量检测供血浆者抗-TT效价水平,将抗-TT、效价≥8IU/ml的供血浆者列为采集特免血浆对象.结果 不同年龄段供血浆者组别间相同剂量疫苗和免疫程序产生高效价抗-TT的比率比较差异明显;21～35岁组产生高效价的比率明显高于36～45岁组,46～55岁组产生高效价比例最低,而且年龄小的抗-TT高效价持续时间较年龄大的长.结论 采用40IU吸附破伤风疫苗,0、4、4周程序免疫,38%的供血浆者可获得高效价抗-TT原料血浆,各年龄段供血浆者的破伤风抗体水平均能够达到保护的浓度.     

产妇血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白(原)降解产物测定及临床应用

目的:从产妇血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白(原)降解产物等指标的变化,探讨产妇凝血、纤溶指标的变化和临床意义.方法:对我院2010年1月～2011年4月132例自愿产前检查的孕产妇分娩前后进行凝血指标:血浆纤维蛋白原含量(FIB)、血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、血浆凝血酶时间(TT)、血浆活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT);纤溶指标:D一二聚体、纤维蛋白(原)降解产物(FDP)进行测定,与未孕健康妇女132例进行对比分析.结果:观察组D-二聚体和血浆纤维蛋白原含量(FIB)与健康对照组比较升高明显,差异具统计学意义P＜0.05,血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、血浆凝血酶时间(TT)、血浆活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)明显短于对照组,各指标相比差异明显,具有统计学意义P＜0.05.观察组D一二聚体阳性32例,FDP阳性30例;分别占24.24%、22.73%;产后72小时各指标情况与对照组相比差异不明显,无统计学意义P＞0.05.结论:产妇血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白(原)降解产物、血凝四项前后联合检测能较全面反映孕产妇纤溶和凝血之间的平衡状态,对预防和治疗孕产妇因血栓性疾病出血、妊高症而带来的危险具有重要的临床实用价值.     

人工肝血浆置换术后护理分析

目的:探讨人工肝血浆置换术后的护理体会.方法:收集我院近两年来的人工肝血浆置换病例护理结果,综合各种术后情况进行分析总结.结果:术后基础护理,不良反应和并发症的预防和护理,营养和心理护理对于患者的康复均有很大影响.结论:人工肝血浆置换术是治疗严重肝炎和肝衰竭的有效途径,加强术后护理能更好的是患者恢复健康.     

穴位敷贴对亚健康人群血液流变学指标的影响

目的:观察穴位敷贴对亚健康人群血液流变学指标的影响.方法:分别选取潜临床状态和前临床状态亚健康患者各50例,通过单纯随机的方法将研究对象分配到相应的试验组和对照组,每组各25例.试验组:穴位敷贴进行干预;对照组:不进行穴位敷贴.结果:试验组治疗后各指标水平均明显降低,经统计学处理,全血高切、低切粘度、全血高切还原粘度、低切还原粘度、血沉、红细胞压积、血浆粘度、红细胞变形指数、红细胞聚集指数差异有高度显著性(P＜0.01);血浆表观粘度差异有显著性(P＜0 05).而对照治疗组各项指标的差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:穴位敷贴能调节亚健康人体的脏腑气血功能,使机体阴阳平衡,从而改善亚健康状态,并提示对亚健康人群的血液流变学指标有调节作用.     

周易象数切脉疗法对功能性消化不良患者血浆胃动素的影响

目的:观察周易象数切脉疗法对功能性消化不良患者血浆胃动素的影响.方法:采用周易象数切脉疗法治疗功能性消化不良72例,并与中药对照组64例及西药对照组64例比较,总疗程为3周.结果:周易象数切脉组治疗后血浆胃动素皆较同组治疗前有提高(P<0.01),治疗后,周易象数切脉疗法可以提高血浆胃动素水平,组间比较有明显统计学差异(P<0.01).结论:提示周易象数切脉疗法可以提高功能性消化不良患者的血浆胃动素水平.     

慢性粒细胞白血病患者血浆伊马替尼浓度检测与临床疗效分析

目的 探讨慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)患者服用伊马替尼治疗后,伊马替尼血浆浓度在个体间的差异以及与临床疗效的关系.方法 2005年7月至2008年2月开始服用伊马替尼治疗的CML患者共51例纳入研究,其中男34例,女17例,服用剂量300 mg/d 9例、400 mg/d 37例,600 mg/d5例;采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定患者空腹伊马替尼血浆谷浓度;SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析.结果 伊马替尼血浆谷浓度与服用剂量有关,且个体之间差异较大,为(342～4688)ng/ml;300mg/d剂量组的伊马替尼血浆谷浓度为(1037±514)ng/ml,低于400mg/d剂量组的(2123±1016)ng/ml(t=2.34,P=0.032);300 mg/d剂量组的治疗有效率为66.67%(6/9),低于400 mg/d剂量组的89.19%(33/37)(χ2=7.14,P=0.008);在300、400mg/d剂量组中,39例治疗有效,伊马替尼血浆谷浓度高于治疗效果不理想患者,差异有统计学意义(t=2.25,P=0.037);受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)结果提示伊马替尼血浆谷浓度低于1050 ng/ml者,其临床疗效可能较差,敏感度为84.6%,特异度为71.1%.结论 CML患者服用伊马替尼治疗后药物血浆浓度与服用剂量有关,不同个体间差异较大,血浆谷浓度低于1050 ng/ml提示其临床疗效可能较差.     

我院近五年成分输血情况统计分析

为提高临床科学合理用血,有效利用血资源,降低输血风险.为对本院临床医生用血规范性进行评估.现对本院近5年所有住院及门诊病人输注的成分血及全血进行回顾分析.近年来我院成分输血比例呈逐年上升趋势,成分输血在我院取得良好效果,有效的利用了血液资源,然而2006-2009年血浆用量明显增多,针对这一现象.我科对临床科室用血进行指导,使临床科室合理应用血浆替代品.特别是2010年血浆输注比例在下降,说明了一定效果.     

脑梗死患者血浆同型半胱氨酸测定的临床意义

目的:探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与急性脑梗死的关系.方法:150例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,用荧光偏振免疫分析法测定血浆Hcy,进行神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS),并测定红细胞沉降率及血液黏度.150例健康体检者为正常对照组.结果:脑梗死组血浆Hcy水平、红细胞沉降率和血液黏度显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05);Hcy组NIHSS评分明显高于非Hcy组(P<0.05),发病7天后脑梗死组Hcy水平及NIHSS评分均明显降低(P<0.05).结论:血浆Hcy可能是脑梗死独立危险因素之一,并与急性脑梗死严重程度密切相关.     

体位性心动过速综合征儿童血浆尾加压素Ⅱ和儿茶酚胺抑素的变化及意义

目的:通过检测体位性心动过速综合征(postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome,POTS)患儿心血管活性肽含量的变化,探索其发病机制.方法:采用临床对照研究的方法,POTS组为于北京大学第一医院儿科门诊就诊的POTS儿童46例(平均12.1±2.8岁),对照组为健康儿童20例(平均11.5±3.6岁),采用酶免疫法测定血浆尾加压素Ⅱ(urotensinⅡ,UII)及儿茶酚胺抑素(catestatin,Cs)浓度,分析POTS组患儿血管活性肽含量的变化及与直立后心率变化的相关性.结果:与对照组相比,POTS组患儿血浆UII水平降低[0.41(0.27,0.85)μg/L vs.0.46(0.35,1.41)μg/L,P＜0.05],血浆UII水平与直立10 min后心率的变化次数呈负相关(相关系数-0.363,P＜0.05),血浆Cs浓度两组差异无统计学意义[0.48(0.20,1.91)μg/L vs.0.52(0.18,1.60)μg/L,P＞0.05].结论:POTS患儿血浆UII水平降低,提示血管张力调节异常可能是POTS的发病机制之一.     

高炉酸性渣的脱硫能力和硫的挥发(下)

(5)炉渣粘度的影响各种氧化物对酸性渣和碱性渣的脱硫能力的不同影响,是由于这些氧化物对于作为脱硫剂的炉渣的活泼性——化学活泼性和以炉渣粘度表示的物理活泼性——的作用不同而引起的。炉渣粘度对于硫通过金属——炉渣系统的交界处的速度起重大影响,而硫的通过作用应当被认为是脱硫反应的「控制」环节的。在炉渣脱硫能力和炉渣粘度之间存在着反比关系。在炉渣成份变化(n=0.5-1.25、Al_2O_3=5-20%)和温度变化(1450°-1600℃)的一定范围内,     

Alterations in plasma volume, plasma constituents, renin activity and aldosterone induced by maximal exercise in the horse

Plasma volume (PV) decreased by 13 per cent following the completion of 1,000 m of maximal exercise in the horse. This study demonstrated that the critical reduction in PV following maximal exercise occurred within 10 mins of completion of exercise, as previously reported in man. Total plasma protein (TPP) increased by 23 per cent at 2 and 5 mins, and by 21 per cent at 10 mins post exercise. Therefore, it does not appear to be an accurate measurement to assess the degree of PV contraction in the horse. Protein was apparently added to the intravascular space either during or following exercise. The changes in osmolality correlated strongly with those in sodium, which is the primary determinant of alterations in plasma tonicity. The increase in osmolality (12 per cent) was similar to the reduction in PV (13 per cent) concluding that a transient hypotonic fluid loss had occurred. The increase in plasma renin activity (PRA) following maximal exercise was followed by an increase in aldosterone (ALD) concentration in both magnitude and time course. Alterations in PV should be considered when interpreting electrolyte and serum enzyme activity data collected following maximal exercise.     

Relationships between cigarette smoking, oral contraceptives, and plasma vitamins A, E, C, and plasma triglycerides and cholesterol

Plasma vitamins A, E, and C, plasma triglycerides and cholesterol, and leukocyte vitamin C were examined in young healthy adult females who were cigarette and/or oral contraceptive users. It was found that cigarette smoking slightly increased the levels of vitamin A, triglycerides, and cholesterol while oral contraceptives significantly increased these plasma lipids. The effects of cigarette smoking and oral contraceptives on these substances were additive. Neither cigarette smoking nor oral contraceptives had any significant effect on plasma vitamins E and C. Oral contraceptives slightly decreased the level of leukocyte vitamin C in the cigarette smokers. Cigarette smoking did not impart and acute effect on these parameters.     

Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of azinphos ethyl in human plasma and in mouse plasma, tissue, and fat

A new method for the determination of azinphos ethyl (O,O-diethyl-S-(4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3(4H)-ylmethyl) phosphorodithioate) in human plasma and in mouse plasma, tissue, and fat has been developed. The method is based on extraction with benzene or hexane and cleanup of fat and tissue samples by a minicolumn containing Florisil and sodium sulfate. Azinphos ethyl is eluted from the column with 10% acetonitrile in benzene and is concentrated to an appropriate volume for gas-liquid chromatographic analysis, using a 63Ni electron capture detector and a glass column containing 3% OV-1 on Gas-Chrom Q. The method is sensitive to 0.005 ppm in human plasma, 0.01 ppm in mouse plasma, 0.08 ppm in mouse liver, 0.05 ppm in mouse brain, and 0.10 ppm in mouse fat. The limit of detection is 2 pg; mean recoveries ranged from 96 to 98%.     

Reliability of peak-lactate, heart rate, and plasma volume following the Wingate test

PURPOSE: The 30-s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) has been used to assess anaerobic performance capacity and to evaluate physiological responses to supramaximal exercise. Blood lactate concentration ([La]) following supramaximal exercise is often used in the field and in the laboratory to assess the glycolytic contribution to exercise. Although the reliability of the performance in the WAnT has been established, this has not been the case with the WAnT's [La] response. Thus, the main purpose of this research was to study the test-retest reliability of peak [La] following the WAnT. Additionally, the test-retest reliability of the heart rate (HR) and plasma volume changes (deltaPV) response was also evaluated. METHODS: Twenty-nine subjects (15 male, 14 female) of diverse training levels as well as physical characteristics (mean +/- SD: 23.3+/-7.0 yr, 62.5+/-12.0 kg, 170.8+/-9.7 cm, and 16.3+/-6.2% fat) performed two WAnTs within 1 wk. Capillary blood was sampled from a prewarmed fingertip at rest, just before the WAnT and at 3, 5, 7, and 9 min following it. HR was also measured during these times. RESULTS: Mean-power (MP) (+/-SE) in test 1 and test 2 was 8.4+/-0.2 and 8.3+/-0.2 W X kg(-1) body mass, respectively. Peak [La] was attained 5-7 min following the WAnTs and was not significantly different between test 1 and test 2 (9.7+/-0.3 vs 9.8+/-0.3 mM, respectively). Peak HR occurred within 5 s post-WAnT and was not different between tests (170.8+/-2.2 and 171.3+/-2.2 beats X min(-1), in test 1 and test 2, respectively). Peak deltaPV was not different between tests (-12.0+/-3.4 and -11.1+/-3.2%, in test 1 and test 2, respectively). The intraclass reliability coefficients for peak [La]. peak HR and deltaPV were 0.926, 0.941, and 0.878, respectively, whereas the corresponding value for MP was 0.982. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that peak [La], peak HR, and deltaPV following the WAnT are reliable measures.     

Determination of phenprocoumon, an anticoagulant, in human plasma

Phenprocoumon is extracted from acidified plasma, the organic phase evaporated, and part of the residue, in ethanol, is quantitatively applied to a thin-layer plate. After separation, the quantity of phenprocoumon is assayed by fluorescence densitometry in situ. Results are reproducible to about 2.5%. The lower limit of detection is 0.1 mg/liter, which makes the method fully applicable to human plasma, because therapeutic concentrations range from 1 to 3 mg/liter. Seven determinations can be made within 3 h. For toxicological purposes, a qualitative analysis can be done in a shorter time, because the phenprocoumon spots are visible under ultraviolet light at 254 nm.     

Early postglomerular plasma concentrations of chloride, sodium, and inulin in the rat kidney

Sodium, chloride, and inulin concentrations were measured in plasma collected from the terminal portions of long efferent vessels at the subcapsular surface of the rat kidney. Sodium concentration equaled and the concentrations of chloride and inulin were less than those in peripheral plasma. During benzolamide infusion, chloride concentration equaled while inulin concentration remained less than in peripheral plasma. In free-flow micropuncture samples collected randomly during control conditions, chloride concentration rose rapidly in the early proximal tubule and then remained elevated and constant throughout the remainder of the proximal tubule accessible to micropuncture. These experiments indicate that normally tubular reabsorbate low in chloride and inulin is added to the blood traversing the early postglomerular vessels before reaching the kidney surface. Bases on the analyses of proximal tubular fluid, this type of reabsorbate appears available only from the early proximal tubular segment. We conclude that a close functional relationship exists between the first segment of the proximal tubule and the early postglomerular blood supply characteristic of the superficial cortical nephron.     

Ectonucleotidases, purine nucleoside transporter, and function of the bile canalicular plasma membrane of the hepatocyte

Expansion of the glomerular mesangium is a consistent finding of diabetic nephropathy. Negatively charged proteoglycans are an integral part of the mesangium and their synthesis and degradation is disturbed in many forms of glomerulosclerosis. The metabolism of ascorbic acid (AA), which plays an important role in extracellular matrix regulation, is known to be abnormal in diabetes. The action of AA has also been shown to be inhibited by high glucose (HG) concentration. In this study we investigated the effect of AA and HG on proteoglycan (PG) synthesis by examining the incorporation of [35S] sulphate into PG in the cellular, matrix and media components of rat mesangial cell (MC) cultures. MC were grown in 9 or 25 mM glucose for 8 days, with and without the addition of AA. Sulphation of PG was measured by adding 50 microCi of [35S] sulphuric acid to the culture medium and precipitating 35S-labelled PG with cetylpyridinium chloride. In this study AA was shown to have a stimulatory effect on the overall incorporation of [35S] sulphate into cell and matrix PG and this was inhibited by 25 mM glucose. Correcting for protein synthesis and specific activity of [35S] sulphate showed that HG inhibits AA stimulation by decreasing sulphation of the individual PG molecules. These findings may be of particular importance in the pathophysiology of nephropathy in diabetes, a condition where AA concentration is already compromised.