真空气雾化制备MIM用316L粉末研究

采用不同的雾化介质及雾化气体温度对注射成型用316L粉末粒度、形貌的影响进行了研究。试验结果表明,雾化气体温度对粉末粒度影响较大,较高的雾化气体温度有利于获得较细小的粉末。另外,采用氩气进行雾化比采用氮气进行雾化得到的粉末更细小,但是细粉之间易粘连,松装密度有所下降。     

雾化参数对H70黄铜粉粒度分布的影响

从气体动力学和流体力学分析了雾化气体压力、金属熔体温度和导液管内径对H70黄铜雾化粉末粒度分布的影响。结果表明：适当地提高气体压力和金属熔体温度或者减小导液管内径，均能使雾化粉末细粉量增加。当雾化气体压力为1．3MPa，金属熔体温度为1160℃，导液管内径为3．5mm时，所制得粉末的粒度分布最理想。     

雾化气体压力对Sn_(0.3)Ag_(0.7)Cu焊锡粉末特性的影响

利用超音速气雾化装置制备了Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu无铅焊锡粉末,用扫描电子显微镜和激光粒度分析仪对粉末的微观形貌和粒度分布进行表征,并提出一种反应质量差法计算粉末的氧含量,分析了雾化气体压力对粉末有效雾化率、微观形貌、粒度分布以及氧化程度的影响。结果表明:雾化气体压力对粉末的有效雾化率、微观形貌、粒度分布影响较大。粉末的有效雾化率随雾化气体压力的增加而不断提高;相对高的气压下粉末球形度好,0.6 MPa压力下雾化粉末的球形度好且无团聚;随着雾化气体压力的增大,粉末不断细化,且随着雾化压力的提高,粉末粒度减小幅度逐渐变缓;粉末中的氧含量随雾化气体压力的增大略有增加,高的氧含量使粉末表面粗糙度增大。     

电极感应气雾化法制备新型高硬度马氏体铁基合金粉末

利用正交试验研究了电极感应气雾化（electrode induction gas atomization,EIGA）制粉工艺参数（雾化压力、雾化气体温度和熔炼功率）对新型高硬度马氏体铁基合金粉末粒径分布、粉末流动性和收得率的影响规律。结果表明,粉末粒径分布及其特征主要取决于雾化压力,粉末流动性及收得率主要受雾化压力及雾化气体温度的影响。当制粉工艺参数为雾化压力1.5 MPa、熔炼功率15 kW、雾化气体温度40 ℃时,所得粉末的收得率最高,粒径大小在53～180 μm之间的粉末质量占比高达68.24%,兼具较好的粉末流动性及粉末粒度分布标准偏差,粉末形貌最佳。     

不同工艺对真空气雾化Ni粉粒度的影响研究

采用真空紧耦合气雾化生产Ni粉,考察了雾化压力、漏嘴内径以及出炉温度对粉末粒度的影响。结果表明,随着雾化压力和出炉温度的增加以及漏嘴内径的减小,雾化后粉末粒度减小,细粉出粉率增加;制备细粉的最佳工艺条件为雾化压力5 MPa、漏嘴内径4.5 mm、出炉温度1 600℃,此条件下生产的Ni粉主要为球形。     

气雾化工艺对Fe-Si-Ni-Al-Ti软磁合金粉末物理性能的影响

采用惰性气体雾化法制备Fe-3%Si-2%Ni-0.5%Al-1%Ti软磁合金粉末,通过化学分析、激光粒度分析仪、电子探针等手段分别对粉末的成分、粒度分布和表面形貌进行表征,研究雾化压力、雾化温度和漏嘴直径对粉末粒径和形貌的影响。结果表明:雾化粉末中的Si、Ni、Al、Ti微量元素的成分偏差可控制在±0.2%以内,粉末碳含量可低至0.011%,氧含量低至0.10%。随着雾化压力由4.5 MPa增大到6.5 MPa,粉末的中值粒径减小,粉末粒度分布由双峰变为单峰,粉末球形度增大;随着雾化温度由1 550℃升高至1 650℃,粉末的中值粒径显著减小,粉末球形度先增大后降低;随着漏嘴直径由4 mm增加至6 mm,粉末的中值粒径增加,粉末球形度先增大后降低。实验得到的较优工艺参数为:雾化压力5.5 MPa、雾化温度1 600℃、漏嘴直径5mm,粉末粒度在14.45~71.35μm范围内,中值粒径D50为39.75μm,粉末球形度高,表面光洁。     

紧耦合雾化制备Fe-13%Cr-3%W高温合金粉末

采用紧耦合气体雾化法制备Fe-13%Cr-3%W高温合金粉末,研究雾化气体压力和熔体过热度对粉末粒度及形貌的影响.结果表明,增加雾化气体压力和熔体过热度可以降低粉末的中位径,小于45 μm和小于20 μm粉末的收得率明显增加.粉末形貌均为球形,存在卫星结构粉末及不规则状粉末,雾化气体压力和过热度对形貌的影响不大.还分析了雾化参数对雾化过程及粉末粒度的影响机理.     

EIGA雾化法制备激光3D打印用TC4合金粉末工艺研究

采用电极感应熔炼气雾化法(EIGA)制备激光3D打印用TC4合金粉末(15～45μm)。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、激光粒度分析仪(LPS)、粉体特性综合测试仪等设备,对粉末的形貌、物相组成、粒度分布、松装密度及流动性进行表征,同时研究了雾化气体压力和熔体温度对激光3D打印TC4合金粉末收得率影响。结果表明:采用EIGA制备得到TC4合金粉末形貌为近规则球形,粉末表面存在少量"卫星球",粉末由α′-Ti相组成。TC4合金粉末收得率随着雾化气体压力和熔体温度的升高先增加后减小。最佳雾化工艺参数为:雾化气体压力5 MPa,熔体温度1 800℃,此条件下平均粒径D_(50)为81.2μm,15～45μmTC4钛合金粉末收得率为22.3%,流动性为42.5 s,松装密度为2.83 g/cm~3,氧含量1 260×10~(-6),符合激光3D打印用TC4钛合金粉末特征要求。     

紧耦合气雾化技术制备选区激光熔化用18Ni300合金粉末的研究

基于紧耦合气雾化技术制备符合选区激光熔化用18Ni300合金粉末, 重点研究了雾化压力对粉末粒度(中值粒径, D₅₀)、粒度分布、球形度、氧含量、流动性和松装密度等特性的影响。结果表明: 雾化压力对上述粉末特性影响显著, 当雾化压力在3.5 MPa到4.5 MPa范围时, 随着压力的提高, 粉末粒度降低、表面形貌改善、流动性变好、松装密度增加。当雾化压力为4.5 MPa时, 所制备的粉末综合特性最优, 粉末粒度(D₅₀)为34 μm, 球形度为0.77, 氧含量为0.02%(质量分数), 流动性为17.4[s·(50g)-1], 松装密度为4.32g·cm-3, 15~53 μm粒径范围粉末收得率为38.1%, 满足选区激光熔化技术对金属粉末性能的要求。     

离心雾化法制取快速凝固Al-Si合金粉末的研究

采用自行研制的离心雾化装置,制取了快速凝固Al-Si合金粉末。对影响合金粉末颗粒形状和粒度分布的工艺参数进行了较为详细的分析。结果表明,起始雾化温度、雾化盘转速等对粉末颗粒形状和粒度分布有较大的影响。当起始雾化温度为780℃、雾化盘转速为36000 r/min时,合金B粉末颗粒有较规则的形状和较好的粒度分布;其显微组织主要表现为α固溶体加细小的共晶组织,并且随粉末粒度的减小及冷速的增大,α固溶体中的含Si量随之增加。     

喷雾干燥工艺对NiFe_2O_4-10NiO/xM型复合陶瓷粉料特性的影响

采用喷雾干燥工艺制备NiFe2O4-10NiO/xM型复合陶瓷粉料,研究喷雾造粒过程中料浆性能、雾化压力、供料速率等工艺参数对复合陶瓷粉料粒度分布及形貌的影响,并将喷雾造粒与擦筛造粒粉料的压制性能进行对比。结果表明:雾化压力增大,干燥效果更好,粉末粒径随之减小,粒度分布变窄;随着供料速率增大,出口温度逐渐下降,分散效果变差,产品团聚加重。经过3 h球磨,采用料水比为1:1,以及0.4 MPa的雾化压力和10%的供料速率,可获得平均粒度为91μm,松装密度为1.28 g/cm3,流动性为145 s/50 g的球形NiFe2O4-10NiO/xM陶瓷粉料。与擦筛造粒粉料相比,喷雾干燥工艺制备的粉料在200 MPa下成形时,压坯密度提高约3%,压坯强度提高127%。     

THE DISPLACEMENT OF GAS FROM POWDERS DURING COMPACTION

Abstract

A soap-bubble method was used to observe in detail the flow of gas out of powder masses during and immediately after compaction. The effects of powder material and size distribution, die size, pressing speed, and degree of compaction were investigated. The amount of gas trapped in the compact at completion of pressing varied from 12 to 83% of the initial amount of gas present in the spaces between the powder particles, over the range of compaction conditions studied. As expected, the amount trapped increased with increase in die size, with increase in pressing speed, and with decrease in particle size. Very little gas escaped during the later stages of compaction, even at slow pressing speeds. The effect of a small punch/die clearance was examined in typical cases, and shown to be minor, except with a coarse powder pressed at a high speed.

That trapped gas can produce cracks was demonstrated by making compacts containing varying amounts of trapped gas, other conditions remaining constant. With the particular powder used, once the amount of trapped gas had passed a certain level, the compacts tended to be fairly badly cracked. It appears, however, that cracks due to gas pressure alone tend to occur only when powders are rapidly compacted to very high densities.     

大功率多雾化电弧喷枪的研制

设计二进四出多雾化电弧喷枪,改变雾化气流场和流速,使雾化气流场合理分布,提高了喷涂粒子的射流速度,改善了雾化效果,使雾化粒子更细小更均匀,降低了涂层孔隙率,获得更大喷涂幅宽。应用对比试验标明,其性能已达到甚至超过国际同类产品。     

射频等离子体制备球形复合镍钛粉体

以气雾化镍粉和不规则形状的钛粉作为原料,采用TEKNA射频等离子体设备制备宏观等原子比的球形复合镍钛粉末。研究载气流量对球化粉末的形貌、粒径、相分布和元素分布的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜和粒度分析仪表征粉体的形貌和粒径分布; 通过XRD和EDS表征粉体的相以及元素分布。研究发现:与原料粉末相比,采用射频等离子体制备的复合粉末的粒径明显增大; 载气流量增加会引起粉末镍元素质量分数的增加,在载气流量为2.5 L/min时,镍质量分数为55.2%,是最为接近理想的质量分数,球化率达到100%;球化粉末由Ni相、Ti相、NiTi相三相组成; 各个粉末颗粒都能观察到Ni、Ti 2种元素,但各个颗粒中含有的钛、镍元素质量分数是不完全相同的。      

3D打印用金属粉末的制备研究

针对国内3D打印用金属粉体材料的现状,通过对雾化喷嘴的设计改造,采用气雾化方法制备了304L不锈钢粉末;并通过扫描电镜、激光粒度测量仪以及霍尔流量计等对粉末的颗粒形貌、粒度分布、流动性等进行了观察研究。结果表明:采用自制双层雾化喷嘴制备的合金粉末,球形度高,粒度分布范围窄,粉末平均粒径为40μm,符合3D打印对金属粉体材料的要求。     

雾化锌粉析气量影响因素的探讨

探讨了雾化喷嘴的结构、原料、氧化物含量、杂质及松装密度、粒度分布对锌粉析气量的影响。研究表明，雾化喷嘴的结构及装配精度与锌粉析气量密切相关。     

雾化锌粉析气量影响因素的探讨

探讨了雾化喷嘴的结构、原料、氧化物含量、杂质及松装密度、粒度分布对锌粉析气量的影响。研究表明,雾化喷嘴的结构及装配精度与锌粉析气量密切相关。     

Influence of Gas Atomization Parameters of the KhN60M Alloy on the Powder Characteristics for Laser Surfacing

Powders of the KhN60M alloy (EP367, 06Kh15N60M1) are investigated. An overview of manufacturing methods of products of the KhN60M alloy is presented with the analysis of their advantages and disadvantages. It is shown that, when compared with the casting technology and hot pressing of powders of high-alloyed special steels and alloys, additive technologies enable fabricating complexly shaped products with a high level of physicomechanical properties and material utilization factor. The low casting properties of the alloy under study are the reason for the research into atomization to meet the requirements for size, shape, morphology, and fluidity of powders for additive technologies. The goal of this work is to study the influence of the argon pressure during gas atomization on the physical, chemical, and process properties of powders for laser surfacing formed from the KhN60M alloy. The gas atomization technology of the liquid melt by argon using a VIGA 2B laboratory atomizer was used to fabricate the metallic powder of the KhN60M brand at 1560°C and varying the atomizing gas pressure in a range of 22–25 mbar. To select the atomization parameters, the values of the melt viscosity are calculated using the ProCast system for the computer simulation of casting processes by the finite element method and the temperature dependence of viscosity is constructed. The shape and size of the particles and their granulometric composition are studied using laser sedimentation and electron and optical microscopy. The quantitative metallography data are processed using the VideoTest 4 software. The fluidity of powders is measured. It is established that the fraction of spherical particles increases and fluidity of powders improves with an increase in the atomizing gas pressure; the Feret diameter, average particle size, and d₅₀ values vary insignificantly. An experimental dependence of an increase in the yield of the target fraction powder (40–60 μm) with a decrease in the atomizing gas supply is found. The inversely proportional dependence of the fraction of spherical particles on the desired cut fraction is established. The results of the study make it possible to predict the output parameters of powders when atomizing KhN60M steel. Characteristics of powders of the fraction –80 + 40 μm with a shape factor of 0.99 and fluidity of 14–15 g/s make it possible to use them for manufacturing products using additive technologies.