铁水在线脱硫的研究分析

分析了国内外及承钢1260m^3高炉铁水在线脱硫的生产实践，总结了在线脱硫法的优缺点，指出了承钢铁水在线脱硫的难点及今后的工作方向。     

CaO-Mg粉剂复合脱硫技术在安钢的应用

介绍了安钢铁水预处理技术采用的在线混合喷吹法,脱硫设备工艺、特点,及其脱硫技术的具体应用和良好效果.     

KR脱硫自动控制系统的应用

武钢炼钢总厂二分厂为了进一步提高品种钢冶炼能力,对KR脱硫过程全智能化控制技术进行了研究。开发了脱硫动态在线控制模型,并用BP神经网络控制系统优化参数,实现了全自动智能化一键式脱硫。生产实践表明:一键脱硫比达到99%,一次脱硫命中率达到99.5%,脱硫效果稳定,脱硫剂利用率提高,最大限度地降低了脱硫成本。     

武钢薄板坯连铸连轧工程铁水脱硫工艺选型

根据武钢薄板坯连铸连轧工程产品大纲对铁水脱硫的要求,通过对KR搅拌脱硫、纯镁脱硫、复合喷吹脱硫等3种主流铁水脱硫工艺的优缺点进行分析,选择Mg CaO在线混合脱硫工艺用于武钢薄板坯连铸连轧工程的脱硫.     

铁水在线连续脱硫处理工艺技术开发与研究

承德钢厂欲建国内第一套铁水沟内进行镁剂脱硫的设施，需要对工艺和主体设备进行设计的技术开发，结合工程设计情况，提出了开发在线脱硫新工艺的意义和技术开发的重点；对工艺流程及其比较进行了细致的描述；说明了投产后需解决的技术问题及途径；最后对铁水在线脱硫扒渣工艺流程应用前景进行了预测。     

某钢铁厂烧结烟气氨法脱硫工艺脱硝效果的评估

为评估某钢铁厂烧结烟气氨法脱硫工艺的脱硝效果,对烧结烟气进行现场人工检测和在线监测,同时对氨法脱硫工艺的脱硝效果进行验证实验。研究结果表明:该钢铁厂烧结烟气中氮氧化物以NO的形式存在,采用氨法脱硫工艺对烟气进行净化处理后,得到的脱硫率为97%左右,脱硝率为18%~20%;当模拟烧结烟气和吸收液的性质接近现场脱硫的实际情况时,得到的脱硫率为99.40%,脱硝率为22.48%,由此在一定程度上佐证了通过烟气现场人工检测和在线监测所得的该钢铁厂烧结烟气氨法脱硫工艺脱硝率的准确性。通过该研究,为烧结烟气氨法脱硫工艺脱硝效果的评估和氨法同时脱硫脱硝研究提供科学依据。     

钢水在线脱硫技术的开发与应用

为降低钢水中的S含量，减轻转炉脱硫的负担，研制开发了钢包脱硫剂，进行钢水在线脱硫，吨钢脱硫剂加入量3～4．5kg。检测结果表明，平均脱硫率达33．4％。     

济钢400m~2烧结机烟气脱硫技术应用

结合济钢400m2烧结机烟气特点,应用旋转喷雾干燥法脱硫技术进行脱硫,采用BOT管理模式,确保达到治污减排的目的,实现经济高效运行,吨矿脱硫成本5元,在线监测SO2排放浓度为60mg/m3左右。     

基于BP神经网络和回归的脱硫粉剂预报模型

分析了铁水脱硫时铁水温度、铁水量、初始硫含量、脱硫后硫含量对镁粉耗量的影响,表明:随铁水温度增加镁粉耗量随之增加;随脱硫后硫含量的降低,镁粉耗量明显增加且增幅逐步扩大,为降低成本,脱硫深度应控制合理。为确定合适的粉剂用量,建立了基于BP神经网络和回归的铁水脱硫粉剂预报模型,其中BP神经网络模型是粉剂模型的主输出,回归模型用于限定输出范围。铁水脱硫粉剂预报模型已实现了在线控制,无需人工干预,达到了较好的应用效果。当偏差区间为[-0.001 5%,0.001 5%]时,脱硫后硫含量的符合率为90.85%,可有效实现脱硫后硫含量的控制。     

非分散红外吸收法测定烧结脱硫烟气浓度的应用

比较了非分散红外吸收法与定电位电解法测定固定污染源烟气污染物浓度的原理及特点,验证了非分散红外吸收法的准确性和精密性,并与在线数据比对监测烧结机头脱硫烟气,得出非分散红外法适用于监测烧结机头脱硫烟气的结论。     

无缝钢管中非金属夹杂物特性研究

峰位于4869 eV位置,对应于元素锡的四价氧化态。锡泥中含有的主要成分为SnO2。     

Science and Engineering for Space: Technologies from Space 88

This paper highlights technology development for space exploration. It draws on the proceedings of Space 88, Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Space, which includes 125 papers and 1,349 pages providing in‐depth discussions of space policy, extraterrestrial basing, space stations, orbiting structures, and areas of special interest. In the space station and orbiting structures (orbital facilities) section, papers discuss the engineering, construction, and operations of orbiting space systems. Papers in the extraterrestrial basing section deal with the engineering, construction, and operations challenges faced in development of bases and operations on extraterrestrial bodies. The special interest (interacting disciplines) section provides a discussion of challenges facing us in meeting needs for space power, life support, human factors, astronomy, education, and management. The purpose of this volume on engineering, construction, and operations of facilities and bases in space is to encourage and stimulate the development of the required technologies. The concluding section of this paper focuses on space policy and a view toward the future.     

Beyond intersubjectivity: Personalization and community.

In this article, personalization is defined as diverse forms of recognizing the other as a unique, responsive, inviolable, and valued subject, all of which are contingent upon community. The processes of personalization are depicted further in terms of (a) the dialectic of recognition and negation, (b) personal and impersonal epistemologies, (c) intentionality and fact, and (d) asymmetrical and mutual recognition. Good enough parenting may be understood in terms of varied forms of personalization, which contribute to psychosocial achievements--psyche-soma integration, sense of going on being or cohesion, self-continuity, sense of aliveness and being real, the capacity to make use of social reality, self-reflection, and emotional regulation. These forms of personalization are supported by the community's web of symbols--symbols that facilitate and represent recognition and appearance of the other as a unique subject. Given the relation between personalization and community, transference is reconceptualized as the patient's history of personalizing, impersonalizing, and/or depersonalizing interactions, as well as his or her desire for and fear of personalization and fellowship. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Development of RH technology in China over past decade

Due to fast development of Chinese steel industry,continuous adjustment of product,improvement of quality,research of value-added product,RH technology is significantly developed.More and more steel plants are covered with RH facilities.RH ratio is growing rapidly as well.Over past decade,through assimilating advanced foreign technologies and further refining them,Chinese large scale steel plants master the technology of RH production,operation,maintenance and make it more widespread.RH functions are well applied and improved.RH is more widely effectively put into use.Through independent innovation,RH core devices and technology,such as RH vacuum pump,oxygen top lance,vacuum vessel preheating lance,ladle lifting device etc.have realized localization.The development of equipment design,software design,equipment manufacturing technology,equipment mounting,test technology and EPC management makes equipment configuration more flexible,equipment more functional and stable,easier to operate and maintain.It also guarantees highly effective and low energy consumption production and quality of steel,reaches international advanced level,lowers the cost of RH construction and operation,makes after-sake service more convenient. How to continuously optimize and develop RH process,equipment and control technology,in order to meet the needs of product with more reasonable and economic process,exploit potentialities,build more effective,lower cost,lower energy consumption,protecting environment RH facilities will be the key point of future RH technology development in China.     

中国高炉炼铁技术装备发展成就与展望

 近40年来，我国钢铁工业取得了巨大进步，钢铁产量连续多年居世界第一。我国高炉炼铁技术装备在大型化、现代化、高效化、长寿化等方面发展成就显著。2000年以来，一批5000m3以上特大型高炉、500m2以上大型烧结机、7.63m超大容积焦炉和年产400万t/a以上大型球团生产线相继建成投产，一系列自主研发、集成创新的炼铁关键技术在生产实践中取得重大应用成效。在技术装备大型化的同时，高炉富氧喷煤、无料钟炉顶、煤气干法除尘、顶燃式热风炉及高风温、高效低耗烧结技术、大型清洁炼焦技术等先进技术及其装备研发与应用成效显著，有力推动了炼铁技术装备进步。到本世纪中叶，我国钢铁工业格局和流程结构将发生重大变革，减量化、绿色化、智能化、高效化将是未来一个时期炼铁技术装备的主要发展趋势。     

Degradation of Extraction from Seaweed and Its Complex with Rare Earths for Organophosphorous Pesticides

On the basis of several experiments carried out in China, it was proved that both seaweed liquid fertilizer and rare earth （RE） could promote the growth of crops and increase their yield. The effects of extraction from seaweed and its complex with RE on the degradation of organophosphorous pesticides and the yield of vegetables were investigated. The resuits showed that the extract and its complex with RE could degrade organophosphorous pesticides in neutral solvent. The residues of the pesticides treated by the extract decreased by 96.88 %, 52.30%, 49.52%, and 22.88 %, respectively, for chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, omethoate, and dimethoate, and those by the complex decreased by 95.99%, 54.23%, 48.79%, and 25.66%, respectively, when compared with the control. The residues of chlorpyrifos and dimethoate in spinach sprayed with the complex were decreased by 90.64% and 76.56%, respectively, compared with those in spinach from control plots when the interval between spraying and sampling was 8 d. The fresh weight of brassica chinensis and cabbage increased by 28.62% and 18.72%, and their dry weight increased by 44.49% and 14.74%, respectively, compared with those of the controls. The chlorpyrifos and dimethoate residues in brasscia chinese were decreased by 36.36% and 50.00%, respectively, and their rate of decrease in cabbage was 40.00% and 75.00%, respectively, on 5th day after spraying with the complex, when compared with those in the vegetable from control. These results suggest that this complex can increase the agricultural productivity and reduce the use of pesticide residues in the production of vegetables.     

Management of Fluid Mud in Estuaries, Bays, and Lakes. II: Measurement, Modeling, and Management

Techniques for measurement, modeling, and management of fluid mud are available, but research is needed to improve them. Fluid mud can be difficult to detect, measure, or sample, which has led to new instruments and new ways of using existing instruments. Multifrequency acoustic fathometers sense neither density nor viscosity and are, therefore, unreliable in measuring fluid mud. Nuclear density probes, towed sleds, seismic, and drop probes equipped with density meters offer the potential for accurate measurements. Numerical modeling of fluid mud requires solving governing equations for flow velocity, density, pressure, salinity, water surface, plus sediment submodels. A number of such models exist in one-, two-, and three-dimensional form, but they rely on empirical relationships that require substantial site-specific validation to observations. Management of fluid mud techniques can be classified as those that accomplish: Source control, formation control, and removal. Nautical depth, a fourth category, defines the channel bottom as a specific fluid mud density or alternative parameter as safe for navigation. Source control includes watershed management measures to keep fine sediment out of waterways and in-water measures such as structures and traps. Formation control methods include streamlined channels and structures plus other measures to reduce flocculation and structures that train currents. Removal methods include the traditional dredging and transport of dredged material plus agitation that contributes to formation control and/or nautical depth. Conditioning of fluid mud by dredging and aerating offers the possibility of improved navigability. Two examples—the Atchafalaya Bar Channel and Savannah Harbor—illustrate the use of measurements and management of fluid mud.     

Effect of Boron and Cerium on Microstructures and Properties of Cu-Fe-P Alloy

The effects of B and Ce on the removal of inclusions, microstructures, and properties of Cu-Fe-P alloys were studied. Certain impurity elements and the microstructures, mechanical properties, and conductivity of four experimental alloys, Cu-0.22Fe-0.06P, Cu-0.22Fe-0.06P-0.05Ce, Cu-0.22Fe-0.06P-0.02B, and Cu-0.22Fe-0.06P-0.05Ce-0. 02B （ %, mass fraction）, were tested and analyzed. Results show that on one hand, B and Ce have a remarkable function of removing S, Pb, and Bi from copper alloys ; on the other hand, the recrystallization temperature of the Cu-Fe-P alloy is considerably increased by adding trace B and Ce, resulting in the combined strengthening effect of precipitation hardening and cold work hardening after cold working and aging, while the negative effect of B and Ce on conductivity is slight. Therefore, a good combination of high strength and conductivity is achieved.     

重金属加压浸出技术现状及展望

加压浸出作为一种高效的湿法冶金手段,迄今为止已在铜、锌、镍、钴等重金属行业,以及铀、钼、黄金和铂族等稀贵金属行业得到推广应用。总结了重有色金属铜、铅、锌、镍、钴行业和冶炼过程副产物加压浸出技术研究和工业化应用现状,包括复杂硫化铜矿、铜钴矿、硫化砷渣、黑铜泥、铜阳极泥、白烟尘和铜钴冶炼转炉渣加压浸出,复杂硫化锌矿、锌浸出渣、赤铁矿除铁、镓锗富集物、铜渣等加压浸出,硫化镍矿、红土镍矿、白合金、铜渣和钴冰铜加压浸出等。最后,对加压浸出技术在重有色金属行业未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

Sharpening the Focus: Legal Context of Engineering Ethics

Practicing engineers, educators, students, professional organizations, and licensing boards are continually struggling with the application of ethical standards to the practice of engineering. Ethical dilemmas, by their very nature, are complex and usually involve conflicting regulatory, organizational, contractual, societal, and business practices. Resolution of ethical dilemmas can be complicated or impeded by engineers without a working knowledge of ethical requirements, coupled with an inability to distinguish among different sources of these requirements and their corresponding role in the professional and legal environments. Accordingly, engineers often are confronted with unexpected legal and professional consequences as a result of their decisions on ethical issues. This paper examines the sources of professional responsibility requirements for engineers, typical provisions, enforcement mechanisms, and the legal implications of engineering ethics in the professional liability context, and suggests some changes in the current approach to engineering ethics in both the formal education and professional development of engineers.