一种新的鼓风技术

日本钢管公司川崎厂为高炉操作研究出了一种新的鼓风技术,预期这种技术比传统的热风鼓风工艺的经济效益要大得多。这种新技术采用通过高炉风口鼓入常温氧气和向上部炉身吹入预热煤气的方法,代替热鼓风。在高炉操作中,氧气浓度愈大,铁矿石还原率愈高,生产率也愈高。氧气量愈大也愈能增加粉煤喷吹量和降低焦比,从而降低生产成本。目前,由于鼓风中的富氧率一般在4％到25％,从而使高炉     

高炉富氧鼓风技术的理论分析

研究了富氧喷煤条件下,高炉炉腹煤气量、理论燃烧温度的变化规律,同时对比分析了由富氧鼓风到全氧鼓风对高炉冶炼可能带来的影响.以一座4000m<'3>级高炉的生产指标为例,计算结果表明,这一高炉富氧率在0%～14%时,富氧率每提高1%,炉腹煤气量增加2.7%～3.9%,理论燃烧温度提高7～16K.如果单纯考虑炉腹煤气量对高炉冶炼的影响,在保持鼓风量不变的前提下,高炉所能接受的最大富氧率应该为12%左右.     

影响理论燃烧温度的因素

<正>a.鼓风温度。鼓风温度升高,则鼓风带入的物理热增加,理论燃烧温度升高。每100℃风温可提高理论燃烧温度约80℃。b.鼓风富氧率。鼓风含氧量提高,N_2含量减少,此时虽因风量减少而使Q_风有所降低,但由于V_(N2)降低幅度大,理论燃烧温度显著升高。1%的富     

0.8m~3高炉冶炼钒钛磁铁矿条件试验总结

0.8m～3高炉冶炼高钛渣条件试验分为配矿、强化冶炼、富氧鼓风和基准期四个阶段,各试验阶段做到了炉况顺行,渣铁畅流,充分反映了钒钛矿冶炼的规律性。从各部位取样分析看出,铁的间接还原度较低,TiO_2到炉腹上部（温度约1150℃）开始还原。富氧鼓风阶段炉缸温度充足,渣铁温度较高,焦比略有降低,钛还原度和渣中TiC、TiN含量均低,因此生铁〔Si〕、〔Ti〕含量可进一步压低,从而改善钛渣性能。     

铁的液相还原法

由莫斯科国立钢和合金研究院开发的一种在搅拌的熔渣中将铁原料还原,以获得铁的方法———液相熔融还原法。该方法在一个独特结构的熔炼炉内进行,该熔炼炉包括炉身和一个衬有耐火材料的熔炼炉,熔炼炉的上部和炉身的下部设有冷却装置,熔炼炉的壁上设有富氧鼓风的主风咀。为了使炉中排放的气体充分燃烧,在炉身上部设有辅助风咀。炉子的结构能使物理化学和热交换的过程高速进行,能获得生产率和收得率的高指标。在冶炼时,不间断的加入含铁原料、固体煤燃料、熔剂和其他附加物。熔炼在鼓风流股的搅拌下,氧气燃烧部分燃料放出热将含铁原料熔化。包…     

超高富氧对理论燃烧温度的影响

对理论燃烧温度公式进行修正,从而更加准确的研究了高炉超高富氧对理论燃烧温度的影响。并计算出富氧、鼓风湿度、喷煤量与理论燃烧温度所对应的关系。在不考虑其他因素对理论燃烧温度影响的前提下,富氧率每增加1%,理论燃烧温度Tf升高约30.6℃;鼓风湿度每提高1%,Tf降低4.6℃;喷煤量每提高10 kg/t,Tf降低约6℃。计...     

铁的液相还原法

该法是由莫斯科国立钢和合金研究院开发的一种在搅拌的熔渣中将铁原料还原，以获得铁的方法—液相熔融还原法。它在一个独特结构的熔炼炉内进行，该熔炼炉包括炉身和一个衬有耐火材料的熔炼炉，熔炼炉的上部和炉身的下部设有冷却装置，熔炼炉的壁上设有富氧鼓风的主风嘴。为了使炉中排放的气体充分燃烧，在炉身上部设有辅助风嘴。炉子的结构能使物理—化学和热交换的过程高速进行，能获得生产率和收得率的高指标。在冶炼时，不间断地加入含铁原料、固体煤燃料、熔剂和其他添加物。在鼓风的搅拌下，氧气燃烧部分燃料放出热量将含铁原料熔化。…     

高炉超量喷吹煤粉及炉顶煤气部分循环工艺可行性研究

提出一种大量喷吹煤粉,并保持高置换比的高炉炼铁新工艺。其特点是风口用高浓度富氧鼓风促进大量煤粉燃烧,而炉顶煤气回收脱除CO_2后再循环喷入炉身,保证高炉间接还原。对新工艺的三个技术关键:煤粉燃烧、炉身间接还原及煤气净化技术进行了实验室研究及数学模拟试验,论证了新工艺在我国条件下技术上的可行性和经济上的合理性。结论为新工艺在燃料消耗、焦比、生产率及操作费用各方面均优于常规高炉。     

太钢6号高炉富氧率与煤比的合理匹配

以太钢6号高炉为对象,分析了不同富氧率和喷煤量条件下,理论燃烧温度、煤粉燃烧率及炉身部位间接还原过程的变化规律,阐述了高炉在不同喷煤量条件下适宜的富氧率范围。认为,在6号高炉2%~3%的富氧率条件下,煤比上限应控制在180~185kg/t;当煤比达到200kg/t时,煤粉燃烧率低于下限75%的要求,至少需将富氧率提高至4%以上。6号高炉在200kg/t煤比条件下,由于富氧率与煤比的合理匹配,炉内未燃煤粉没有大幅增加,燃料比也没有明显的增加。     

冶炼钒钛矿高炉富氢非等温还原行为及合适富氢率的探讨

高炉富氢是降低高炉能耗与碳排放重要途径,为确定高炉合适富氢率,研究了不同富氢率条件下钒钛矿的软熔滴落过程,并采用历程中断法分析了钒钛烧结矿、球团矿的非等温还原行为。研究结果表明,高炉富氢改善了钒钛矿还原条件,随煤气富氢率的增加,钒钛烧结矿、球团矿的还原度升高,尤其是高温条件下,煤气富氢率对还原的影响更为明显,初渣中FeO含量减少,初渣渣量降低,冶炼钒钛矿高炉富氢后软熔带位置下移,厚度减薄,尤其是透气性最差的熔融区间变窄,透气性增加;由于物理形貌和结构特征的不同,钒钛烧结矿与球团矿的还原速率随富氢率的增加表现出不同的变化趋势,富氢后钒钛烧结矿的还原速率在900～1 000℃达到最大值,而钒钛球团矿的还原速率随温度的增加呈增加趋势。高炉富氢恶化了钒钛矿非等温还原过程的粉化指标,适当减小炉身角可缓解富氢高炉块状带钒钛矿还原粉化现象。当煤气中富氢率以5%幅度增加时对钒钛矿非等温还原和软熔滴落性能的影响是不同的,富氢率由0增加到5%时的影响最大,其次是由5%增加到10%,富氢率超过10%时对钒钛烧矿的还原及软熔滴落行为影响较小,综合考虑还原气体富氢率对钒钛矿非温度还原、软熔滴落性能和软熔带分布的...     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.