Methane Combustion and TPR/TPO Properties of Pd/CexZr1-xO2/Al2O3 Catalysts

Methane Combustion and TPR/TPO Properties of Pd/Ce_xZr_ 1-xO_2/Al_2O_3 Catalysts     

从废Pd/Al2O3催化剂中湿法回收钯工艺研究进展

废Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂是贵金属钯的重要二次资源,从中回收钯具有重要意义。总结了从废Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂中回收钯的湿法工艺研究进展,重点介绍了钯浸出、富集的传统和新型工艺研究发展现状,并对今后从废Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂中资源回收钯的研究重点提出了建议。     

负载型LaCoO3/γ-Al2O3催化剂的制备及性能的研究

分别采用多次浸渍法和过量溶液浸渍法,在不同焙烧温度下制备了LaCoO3/γ-Al2O3催化剂并对其活性进行测试,利用XRD、BET等技术对样品进行了表征。研究表明,过量溶液浸渍法制备的LaCoO3/γ-Al2O3催化剂的活性要明显优于多次浸渍法;多次浸渍法制备样品的催化活性均较低,且受焙烧温度影响较小;焙烧温度对过量溶液浸渍法制备的LaCoO3/γ-Al2O3的结构和性能影响很大,随着焙烧温度的升高,催化剂样品的比表面积逐渐减小,晶粒度变大,有烧结现象,故催化活性降低,且500℃焙烧样品对甲苯催化燃烧的T10%=300℃,T99%=400℃。     

Effects of Cerium Oxide on Ni／Al2O3 Catalysts for Decomposition of CH4 and C2H4

Characteristics of carbon deposition of CH4 and C2H4 decomposition over supported Ni and Ni-Ce catalysts were studied by using a pulse reaction as well as BET, TPR, XPS and hydrogen chemisorption techniques. It is found that there is a metal-semiconductor interaction (MScI) in the Ni-Ce catalyst, and the effect of MScI on the carbon deposition of CH4 decomposition is opposite to that of C2H4. A novel model of carbon deposition of CH4 or C2H4 decomposition was proposed.     

Effect of tourmaline additive on the crystal growth and activity of LaCoO3 for catalytic combustion of methane

LaCoO3/tourmaline was prepared as catalysts on the methane catalytic combustion. As additive tourmaline, its effect on crystal growth and catalytic activity of LaCoO3, were investigated via X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), H2-temperature programmed reduction(H2-TPR) and catalyst evaluation techniques. SEM and TEM indicated that the spontaneous polarizability of tourmaline made LaCoO3 particles grow dispersedly on tourmaline, alleviated the agglomeration and exposed more reactive sites. It was a main influence leading to the improvement of catalysts activity, exposed via catalyst evaluation device. Among the different additive proportion of compound samples, the 2% tourmaline added LaCoO3 showed an obvious enhancement activity compared to non-tourmaline sample—the light-off temperature was 454 °C and CH4 reached the full conversion at 563 °C.     

MgO对炉渣黏度的影响

麦卡菲利（R.S.McCaffery）关于MgO对炉渣黏度影响的研究是开拓性的,多年来一直是生产和研究炉渣的重? 慰肌５趙MgO＞15%情况下,各炉渣成分改变对炉渣黏度没有影响的结论有缺陷。依据取自中国、日本、韩国、美国、澳大利亚、欧洲和前苏联63个炼铁厂125座高炉生产炉渣成分,分析炉渣碱度与wAl2O3/wMgO的相应关系,得到炉渣碱度与wAl2O3/wMgO使用比例,供生产和研究参考。     

化学镀Al2O3/Cu复合粉烧结体的组织研究

采用化学镀法制备了Al2O3/Cu复合粉体,将复合粉体在160MPa的压力下保压5nin压制,在1 000℃保温1h、N2保护烧结,得到体积分数为50％的Al2O3p/Cu复合材料.通过SEM对复合粉体的形貌和复合材料的断口进行观察,通过光学显微镜对复合材料组织进行观察,通过能谱仪对复合材料中颗粒和基体的界面进行成分分析,并对其密度和热膨胀系数进行测定,结果表明:复合材料中Al2O3颗粒分布均匀,与Cu基体结合良好;复合材料相对密度为88.6％,100 ～ 300°C的热膨胀系数在(8.7～14.3) ×10-6/K之间.     

Effects of Support on Catalytic Behavior of Combustion Catalyst La0.8Sr0. 2CoO3／γ-Al2O3

Combustion catalyst La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 (LSC) is expected to possess relatively high activity for the oxidation of carbon monoxide and many hydrocarbons. If γ-Al2O3 is used as its support, cobalt ions can easily react with γ-Al2O3 at not very high temperature to form spinel CoAl2O4 or spinel-like, which decreases the activity of the combustion catalyst. In this paper, MgAl2O4 and CaAl2O4 were pre-eoated on γ-Al2O3 by impregnation respectively, which formed compound support for LSC. It is shown that, when MgAl2O4 layer is covered on the surface of MgAl2O4 by impregnation, the entering of cobalt ions into γ-Al2O3 lattice is restrained, then LSC formed on the surface of MgAl2O4, which leads to a good catalytic activity of xylene complete oxidation. But the layer of MgAl2O4 should be thick enough to reach 30% (mass fraction) MgO in the support due to large size particle of MgAl2O4 crystalline. If polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is added into the impregnation solution adequately, MgAl2O4 particles formed on the surface of γ-Al2O3 are getting smaller, and less amount of MgAl2O4 is needed to cover up the surface of γ-Al2O3. If CaAl2O4 layer substituted for MgAl2O4, more closed cover is obtained in virtue of fine particles of CaAl2O4. The activity examination shows that smaller particles of MgAl2O4 or CaAl2O4 Call be more effective to hinder cobalt ions entering the lattice of γ-Al2O3, and better activities will be obtained.     

Effect of Boron on Morphology of Inclusions in Tire Cord Steel

 Abstract： B2O3 was added to tire cord steel during refining in a carbon tube furnace. The influence of boron on the deformability of oxide inclusions was studied by metallographic and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations. The melting points of boron-bearing compound oxide inclusions were calculated using Factsage software. The results showed that the main inclusion was a boron-bearing compound oxide and the deformation properties of the inclusions were clearly improved by adding B2O3. As the boron content was increased from 00046% to 0039%, the proportion of long strip type inclusions changed slightly and the number of inclusions decreased. The low-melting point areas of the MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 and CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 ternary system increased with the addition of B2O3. Moreover, the area increased with the increase of B2O3 content. Clear improvements in the deformation ability of the inclusions occurred when the B2O3 mass percent rose to 5% in the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 inclusion system and to 10% in the MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 inclusion system.     

Effect of Boron on Morphology of Inclusions in Tire Cord Steel

B2O3 was added to tire cord steel during refining in a carbon tube furnace.The influence of boron on the deformability of oxide inclusions was studied by metallographic and scanning electron microscope...     

Study on catalytic combustion of benzene over cerium based catalyst supported on cordierite

A series of MnCeOx catalysts supported on cordierite honeycomb (Cord) were prepared by a combustion synthesis method using Mn(NO3)2 , Ce(NO3 )2·6H2O and citric acid. The effect of the molar ratio of Mn/Ce, calcination time, the amount of citric acid and the effect of water vapor on the catalytic properties for the complete oxidation of benzene were investigated. These catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), H 2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2 -TPR), O2 temperature programmed desorption (O2 -TPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results indicated that the MnCeOx /Cord catalyst with Mn/Ce molar ratio of 1:1, calcining for 7h and M n+ /(citric acid) molar ratio of 6 exhibited the highest catalytic activity. When the concentration of benzene was 1500 ppm and the gaseous hourly space velocity was 20000h -1 , the conversion of toluene was 99.1% at the reaction temperature of 300 oC.     

Effect of loading content of copper oxides on performance of Mn-Cu mixed oxide catalysts for catalytic combustion of benzene

A series of Mn-Cu mixed oxide catalysts were prepared by precipitation method. The catalysts were characterized by N 2 adsorption-desorption, H 2 -TPR and XPS. When the loading ratio of manganese oxides to copper oxides was 8:2 or 7:3, the catalysts possessed better catalytic activity, and benzene was converted completely at 558 K. Results of H 2 -TPR showed that the loading of a small amount of copper oxides decreased the reduction temperature of catalysts. Results of XPS showed that the loading of a small amount of copper oxides increased the proportion of manganese and defective oxygen on the surface of catalysts, and stabilized manganese at higher oxidation state. And the catalyst with the loading ratio 7:3 was a little worse than 8:2, since the interaction between manganese oxides and copper oxides is too strong, copper oxides migrate to the surface of catalysts and manganese oxides in excess are immerged.     

Catalytic combustion of VOCs on Pt/CuMnCe and Pt/CeY honeycomb monolithic catalysts

The metal oxides CuMnCe and CeY washcoats on cordierite were prepared using an impregnation method, and then used as support for the active Pt component to prepare the Pt/CuMnCe and Pt/CeY monolithic catalysts for the deep oxidation of VOCs. In comparison with the Pt/CeY, CuMnCe, and CeY monolithic catalysts, the Pt/CuMnCe monolithic catalyst shows an excellent performance for toluene,ethyl acetate,and n-hexane oxidation and the T_(90%) is low to 216, 200 and 260 ℃,respectively. The active components Pt/PtO and CuMnCe result in a better synergetic interaction, which promote the catalyst reducibility, increase the oxygen mobility, and enhance the adsorption and activation of organic molecules.     

Toluene Combustion over Pd-Ce0.4 Zr0.6 O2 Directly Washcoated Monolithic Catalysts

A Ce0.4Zr0.6O2 washcoat was prepared using an impregnation method, which acted as a host for the active Pd component to prepare a Pd-Ce0.4Zr0.6O2/substrate monolithic catalyst for toluene combustion. The catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Raman spectroscopy, Brunauner-Emmett-Teller （BET）, and carbon monoxide tonperature-programmed reduction （CO-TPR）. It was found that the washcoat had strong vibration-shock resistance according to an ultrasonic test. The Pd-Ce0.4Zr0.6O2/substrate monolithic catalyst calcined at 400 ℃ showed 95% toluene conversion at a temperature as low as 210 ℃. Furthermore, the lowest temperature for 95% toluene conversion was increased by 40℃ after the catalyst calcined at 900℃, indicating that the catalyst had good thermal stability. The results revealed that the developed catalyst in this study was promising for eliminating volatile organic compounds （VOCs）.     

Catalytic combustion of soot over Ru-doped mixed oxides catalysts

We employed modified substrates as outer heterogeneous catalysts to reduce the soot originating from the incomplete diesel combustion. Here, we proposed that ceria（CeO2）-based catalysts could lower the temperature at which soot combustion occurred from 610 oC to values included in the operation range of diesel exhausts（270–400 oC）. Here, we used the sol-gel method to synthesize catalysts based on mixed oxides（ZnO：CeO2） deposited on cordierite substrates, and modified by ruthenium nanoparticles. The presence of ZnO in these mixed oxides produced defects associated with oxygen vacancies, improving thermal stability, redox potential, sulfur resistance, and oxygen storage. We evaluated the morphological and structural properties of the material by X-ray diffraction（XRD）, Brumauer-emmett-teller method（BET）, temperature programmed reduction（H2-TPR）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. We investigated how the addition of Ru（0.5 wt.%） affected the catalytic activity of ZnO：CeO2 in terms of soot combustion. Thermogravimetric analysis（TG/DTA） revealed that presence of the catalyst decreased the soot combustion temperature by 250 oC, indicating that the oxygen species arose at low temperatures, which was the main reason for the high reactivity of the oxidation reactions. Comparative analysis of soot emission by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy（DRS） showed that the catalyst containing Ru on the mixed oxide-impregnated cordierite samples efficiently oxidized soot in a diesel stationary motor： soot emission decreased 80%.     

Preparation and characterizations of Ce-Cu-O monolithic catalysts for ethyl acetate catalytic combustion

Ce-Cu-O monolithic catalysts were prepared by using Ce0.9Cu0.1O1.9 solid solution or nitrate as precursors,and their catalytic performance for the combustion of ethyl acetate were studied.The catalysts calcined at a low temperature showed high catalytic activities.When calcined at high temperatures,the catalyst with Ce0.9Cu0.1O1.9 solid solution as precursor remained a high activity,while the catalyst with metal nitrates as precursors exhibited a suppressed reactivity.Therefore,the catalyst prepared with th...     

Promotional effect of CeO2 and Y2O3 on CuO/ZrO2 catalysts for methane combustion

Catalytic combustion of methane was conducted by using a Cu-based catalyst prepared by the plasma-assisted impregnation method. The properties of the catalysts were surveyed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). The results showed that the activity of CuO/ZrO2 with the CeO2 and Y2O3 was obviously increased compared with the CuO/ZrO2 catalyst, which was examined in relation to the structure and surface characteristics and might be correlated with their surface oxygen species and redox properties. Among the investigated catalysts, the Ce-CuO/ZrO2 sample exhibited the highest activity for methane combustion.     

工业企业挥发性有机物(VOCs)源头削减措施探讨

挥发性有机物(VOCs)防控包括源头削减、过程控制、末端治理等全过程治理,其中源头削减是VOCs减排的重要手段和打好污染防治攻坚战新形势下的刚性需求.文章从规划、设计、施工、采购和物料控制等方面探讨了工业企业VOCs源头削减措施.     

Effect of coating modification of cordierite carrier on catalytic performance of supported NiMnO3 catalysts for VOCs combustion

NiMnO_3 perovskite catalysts supported on cordierite modified by Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2 coatings were prepared using impregnation and sol-gel methods for catalytic combustion of single/double component VOCs at different concentrations and GHSV of 15,000 h~(-1), which were characterized by BET, XRD, SEM, FT-IR, H_2-TPR and O_2-TPD. After coating modification, the specific surface area of catalysts is improved obviously.Among the catalysts, the Ce_(0.75)Zr_(0.25)O_2 coating modified NiMnO_3 catalyst exhibits the best catalytic activity for VOCs combustion with 95.6% conversion at 275 ℃ and has stable activity when catalyst is embalmed at 800 ℃. In addition, the catalyst also presents the excellent water-resistant and conversion stability over time-on-stream condition. The reason is that Ce_(0.75)Zr_(0.25)O_2 coating can promote more lattice distortion and defects and smaller crystal size, which improve oxygen transfer capability and dispersion of active component.