高硅铝合金及颗粒增强铝基复合材料组织性能的探究

采用真空热压烧结工艺制备Al-30Si合金、30%Sip/Al、30%SiCp/2024Al、30%SiCp/6061Al(均为体积分数)复合材料,测定其热膨胀系数及力学性能。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)对其微观组织结构及断口形貌进行表征,探究了高硅铝合金及颗粒增强铝基复合材料的组织与性能,分析了材料的断裂机制。结果表明:SiCp/2024Al复合材料中SiC颗粒分布均匀,组织致密,综合性能好,热膨胀系数(CTE)为13.69×10-6/K,硬度达到134 HB,极限抗拉强度达353 MPa。SiCp/6061Al复合材料中SiC颗粒分布较均匀,界面结合较好,组织不够致密,有少许孔隙,性能较好。SiCp/6061Al和SiCp/2024Al复合材料的断裂方式都是界面基体的撕裂结合SiC颗粒的断裂。Sip/Al复合材料中Si颗粒分布较均匀,断裂方式为界面脱开,性能较差。Al-30Si合金在烧结过程中形成大量板条状的Si相,性能最差,断裂方式以合金撕裂为主。     

SiC颗粒增强Mg-9Al-1Si复合材料的组织和性能研究

研究了SiC颗粒增强Mg-9Al-1Si复合材料的微观组织以及力学特性。结果表明:复合材料基体由α-Mg、β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)和Mg_2Si组成。SiC颗粒呈灰白色的球形,形状较为规则且分布均匀。加入SiC颗粒后,复合材料基体的平均晶粒尺寸由166μm减小为118μm。SiC颗粒增强Mg-9Al-1Si复合材料在室温下的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率都优于不含SiC颗粒的Mg-9Al-1Si复合材料,相应分别提高了37.6%、58.8%与56.5%。加入SiC颗粒后,复合材料的拉伸断口形貌中出现了许多长条形的撕裂棱,局部也出现了韧窝及少量的解理台阶。     

无压浸渗制备SiC_p/Al复合材料的力学性能研究

采用无压浸渗法制备出不同SiC粒度组成和硅含量的SiCp/Al复合材料,并对其性能进行测试分析。研究结果表明:SiCp/Al-7Si复合材料硬度比SiCp/Al-12Si复合材料的低,但抗弯强度和断裂韧性比SiCp/Al-12Si复合材料的高,对不同SiCp/Al复合材料的力学性能的影响程度各不相同;粒径小的SiC颗粒有利于SiCp/Al复合材料的硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性的提高。当SiC粒度为W7,铝合金中Si含量(质量分数)为7%时,SiCp/Al复合材料的抗弯强度为502MPa、断裂韧性为7.1MPa·m1/2、硬度为66HRA。     

颗粒尺寸及分布均匀性对SiC/Al-30Si复合材料组织性能的影响

采用真空热压法制备SiCp/Al-30Si复合材料.利用扫描电镜对材料的微观组织进行表征,检测力学性能.结果表明:随着SiC颗粒平均粒径的增大,材料的组织中SiC颗粒的团聚现象逐渐消失,其在基体中的分布更加均匀.抗拉强度与增强体颗粒尺寸有关,SiC颗粒平均粒径为13 μm时,材料的抗拉强度最大.材料的断裂方式为脆性断裂,SiC颗粒粒径为4μm时,断口表面有团聚、裸露的SiC颗粒;SiC颗粒粒径为13μm时,断口SiC颗粒表面包覆着一层铝硅合金;SiC颗粒粒径为30μm时,断口处有断裂的SiC颗粒,部分SiC颗粒从基体中被拔出.     

SiC颗粒尺寸对高压扭转制备SiCp/Al基复合材料金相组织和显微硬度影响

采用高压扭转法制备不同增强颗粒尺寸的SiCp/Al基复合材料,利用金相观察、显微硬度测试,分析研究不同增强颗粒尺寸对SiCp/Al基复合材料组织和硬度的影响。研究结果表明:SiC颗粒尺寸较小时,在高的静水压力和剪切作用下,颗粒分布均匀性增强。SiC颗粒尺寸增大时,有效的剪切作用易致使自身存在缺陷的SiC颗粒发生断裂破碎,颗粒分布均匀性降低。同一扭转半径处,随着颗粒尺寸的增大,复合材料显微硬度降低。     

室温HPT制备SiC_p/Al复合材料的硬度分布特征

将纯Al颗粒和SiC颗粒混合,室温下采用高压扭转变形(HPT)制备试样,测定不同工艺参数下试样表面的显微硬度,绘制显微硬度—扭转半径曲线图,分析各试样的硬度分布特征。结果表明:由于高压扭转变形应变量的影响,SiCp/Al复合材料经HPT变形后,各试样表面硬度沿径向呈递增分布,边缘硬度值受飞边的影响较大;单一尺寸SiC颗粒强化的试样通过增大加载压力、增大扭转圈数或提高SiC颗粒体积分数可以提高试样的显微硬度值;采用双尺寸SiC颗粒最佳粒径配比或最佳体积配比更有利于提高试样硬度,通过优化双尺寸SiC颗粒粒径配比或体积配比,可以获得更高的试样硬度,且硬度分布更加均匀。     

HPT制备高含量SiC颗粒增强Al基复合材料的性能和致密化行为

采用高压扭转法制备了SiCP/Al基复合材料,分析了不同SiC体积分数复合材料的显微组织、硬度、相对密度及SiC颗粒分布的变化情况,并探讨了SiCP/Al基复合材料在高压扭转变形过程中的致密化机理。结果表明:随着SiC体积分数的增加,复合材料的相对密度不断减小,硬度和SiC颗粒的分布均匀程度均先增大后减小,且硬度沿试样径向呈递增趋势。同时,随着SiC体积分数的增大,SiC颗粒破碎和团聚现象也更为严重。     

双尺度SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究

采用粉末冶金真空热压烧结法制备了双尺度(纳米、微米)混杂SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料,并研究其微观组织、密度、硬度及耐磨性。结果表明,微米SiC与基体界面结合较好,分布均匀,没有明显的团聚现象;当纳米SiC质量分数为3%,微米SiC质量分数在0~20%之间时,复合材料的相对密度、硬度、耐磨性均先提高后降低;当微米SiC含量为15%,纳米SiC含量在0~4%之间变化时,复合材料的性能不断提高;微米纳米混杂颗粒增强、单一微米颗粒增强、单一纳米颗粒增强复合材料的最大硬度分别是78.9 HV、70.7 HV、65.8 HV,比基体分别提高56.86%、40.56%、30.81%,耐磨性分别是基体的2.29倍、1.39倍、1.23倍。     

原位自生TiB2p/Al-18%Si复合材料的组织和性能

采用TiO2和KBF4粉体为反应物,适量Na3AlF6为覆盖剂,用熔体直接反应法制备了TiB2p/Al-18%Si复合材料,通过OM、SEM和EPMA对复合材料的相及微观组织进行研究,并测试了常温条件下复合材料的硬度、抗拉强度和干滑动摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,原位反应生成的TiB2颗粒尺寸小于1μm,且大多数在Al-18%Si合金基体中均匀分布,粗大的α-Al枝晶和针状共晶Si组织得到细化;复合材料的硬度、抗拉强度、摩擦磨损性能高于无TiB2颗粒的Al-18%Si合金。     

粉体粒径级配比对粉末冶金SiC_p/6061Al复合材料组织与性能的影响

选择不同粒径的6061Al粉末和SiC颗粒,采用真空热压法制备含35%SiC体积分数的SiCp/6061Al复合材料,研究不同级配比对复合材料显微组织和抗拉强度的影响。结果表明:复合粉末的粒径级配比可影响复合材料的微观组织和力学性能;当增强体颗粒粒径为15μm时,随基体6061粉末与SiC颗粒粒径比降低,SiC颗粒在复合材料中的分布越来越均匀,抗拉强度提高;当基体6061Al粒径为10μm时,随SiC颗粒粒径减小,复合材料微观组织的均匀性降低,但抗拉强度提高。并建立了理想的复合粉末颗粒分布模型,模型的理论计算结果与Slipenyuk公式计算结果接近。     

球磨时间对纳米晶Al-7Si-0.3Mg合金粉末微观组织及硬度的影响

以机械破碎Al-7Si-0.3Mg合金粉末为原料进行高能球磨, 对不同球磨时间的合金粉末进行金相观察、X射线衍射分析、透射电镜表征及显微硬度测试, 研究球磨时间对纳米晶Al-7Si-0.3Mg合金粉末的影响。结果发现, 高能球磨导致共晶硅颗粒从微米尺度细化到亚微米尺度, 颗粒形状从多面体转变成圆形, 颗粒内部有层错生成。随着球磨时间逐渐增加到60 h, 合金粉末平均颗粒尺寸从134μm逐渐下降到22μm, Al(Si, Mg)基体晶粒尺寸从438 nm降低到23 nm, 粉末显微硬度从HV 93增加到HV 289。粉末硬度的增加主要归功于球磨导致的晶粒细化(细晶强化作用), 此外, 球磨过程中硅颗粒的细化以及球磨引起的Mg、Si原子在基体内固溶度的增加也有利于粉末硬度的提高。     

Synthesis and characterisation of quasicrystalline Al based composites

Abstract

Al matrix composites reinforced by Al–Cu–Fe quasicrystalline (QC) phase particles were produced from a mixture of Al and QC powders using electrical current heating and conventional sintering. A combination of X-ray diffractrometry, transmission and scanning electron microscopy was used to characterise the microstructure of consolidated specimens. The metallic bonding of the Al matrix and particles was improved by higher temperature sintering or electrical current heating. However, the dissolution of QC particles into the Al matrix was inevitable during heating and resulted in the formation of ω and/or β phases. The dissolution of QC particles was effectively reduced using prealloyed Al powder containing 2 at.-%Cu. This had led to an increase in microhardness from 96 to 139 HV for specimens using pure Al to prealloyed Al powders. A homogeneous distribution of QC particles within the Al matrix could be achieved by mechanical milling followed by consolidation.     

Influence of spraying conditions on microstructures of Al-SiC<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis></Subscript> composites by plasma spraying

Air plasma spraying was used to produce Al-SiC _p composites as electronic packaging material. Ballmilled Al with 55 and 75 vol. pct SiC powders was repeatedly deposited onto a graphite substrate, and then mechanically removed to get free-standing 100 × 100 mm composite plates of about 2-mm thickness. Different input electrical powers were employed at two spray distances of 100 and 120 mm. The SiC volume fraction and porosity in the sprayed composites were found to be dependent on spray conditions, especially input electrical power. Maximal SiC volume fraction can be obtained at a low input electrical power for the composite sprayed from the Al-55SiC powder and a high input electrical power for Al-75SiC powder. The variation of the SiC level in the composites with spray conditions and SiC size is discussed based on the characteristic of feedstock, the characteristic of deposited surface, and the heat and momentum transfer between particle and plasma flame. Pores in the sprayed composites were found inside one sprayed layer (inner-layer pore) and at the boundary between two sprayed layers (interlayer pore). The formation mechanisms of two types of pores are also explained. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses indicate that Si phase is formed in the sprayed composites for most spray conditions. The Si resulted from the decomposition of SiC particles in high-temperature plasma flame.     

Mechanical properties of Al-60 Pct SiC<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis> composites alloyed with Mg

In the present work, the effect of an Mg addition on the mechanical properties of the Al-60 vol pct SiCp composites were investigated by uniaxial compression, three-point bending, impact and wear tests (composite-metal and composite-abrasive types). The composites were produced by the pressure-infiltration technique. The composition of the Al matrix was varied between 0 and 8 pct Mg. The mean diameter of the SiC particles was 23 μm. Upon addition of Mg, Mg₂Si precipitated in the matrix and the amount of the porosity dramatically decreased. Mg-alloyed-matrix composites exhibited higher strength, lower toughness, and higher wear resistance than pure-Al-matrix composites. During composite-metal wear testing, wear progressed in two sequential periods (running-in and steady state). Weight loss during wear testing decreased with increasing Mg content of the matrix. The degree of improvement of abrasive resistance depended on the abrasive-grain size. Above 200 °C, the composite-abrasive wear resistance decreased with increasing test temperature for all materials.     

Fabrication of SiC-Particles-Shielded Al Spheres upon Recycling Al/SiC Composites

Wettability of liquid A359 alloy on SiC particles under molten salt NaCl-KCl-NaF is found at 180 deg, meaning that SiC particles prefer the molten salt phase against the Al phase or the Al/molten salt interface. Thus, this molten salt can be used for recycling, i.e., to separate the phases in the SiC reinforced Al matrix composites. If the separation process is interrupted, Al droplets (submillimeter solidified powder) can be produced, stabilized/surrounded by a monolayer of shielding SiC particles.     

氧化铝基氧化物/氧化物复合材料的合成与评价

Al2O3 matrix oxide/oxide composites containing rod-like Ba-β-Al2O3 and equiaxed ZrO2 particles have been successfully synthesized by an in-situ process from a mixture of Al2O3 and BaZrO3 powders.The long-axis direction of rod-like Ba-β-Al2O3 phase is parallel to ,while the longitudinal interface between Ba-β-Al2O3 phase and Al2O3 matrix is parallel to(0001) of the Ba-β-Al2O3 phase.The mechanical properties of the composites,such as Vickers hardness and fracture toughness,are enhanced with increasing the sintering temperature.Furthermore,the presence of rod-like Ba-β-Al2O3 particles results in enhancement of fracture toughness of the in-situ synthesized composites due to crack deflection and crack bridging.     

Mechanical properties and fracture behavior of an ultrafine-grained Al-20 wt pct Si alloy

The effect of powder particle size on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of Al-20 wt pct Si alloy powders was studied in both the gas-atomized and extruded conditions. The microstructure of the as-atomized powders consisted of fine Si particles and that of the extruded bars showed a homogeneous distribution of fine eutectic Si and primary Si particles embedded in the Al matrix. The grain size of fcc-Al varied from 150 to 600 nm and the size of the eutectic Si and primary Si was about 100 to 200 nm in the extruded bars. The room-temperature tensile strength of the alloy with a powder size <26 μm was 322 MPa, while for the coarser powder (45 to 106 μm), it was 230 MPa. The tensile strength of the extruded bar from the fine powder (<26 μm) was also higher than that of the Al-20 wt pct Si-3 wt pet Fe (powder size: 60 to 120 μm) alloys. With decreasing powder size from 45 to 106 μm to <26 μm, the specific wear of all the alloys decreased significantly at all sliding speeds due to the higher strength achieved by ultrafine-grained constituent phases. The thickness of the deformed layer of the alloy from the coarse powder (10 μm at 3.5 m/s) was larger on the worm surface in comparison to the bars from the fine powders (5 μm at 3.5 m/s), attributed to the lower strength of the bars with coarse powders.     

Mechanical properties and fracture behavior of an ultrafine-grained Al-20 wt pct Si alloy

The effect of powder particle size on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of Al-20 wt pct Si alloy powders was studied in both the gas-atomized and extruded conditions. The microstructure of the as-atomized powders consisted of fine Si particles and that of the extruded bars showed a homogeneous distribution of fine eutectic Si and primary Si particles embedded in the Al matrix. The grain size of fcc-Al varied from 150 to 600 nm and the size of the eutectic Si and primary Si was about 100 to 200 nm in the extruded bars. The room-temperature tensile strength of the alloy with a powder size <26 μm was 322 MPa, while for the coarser powder (45 to 106 μm), it was 230 MPa. The tensile strength of the extruded bar from the fine powder (<26 μm) was also higher than that of the Al-20 wt pct Si-3 wt pct Fe (powder size: 60 to 120 μm) alloys. With decreasing powder size from 45 to 106 μm to <26 μm, the specific wear of all the alloys decreased significantly at all sliding speeds due to the higher strength achieved by ultrafine-grained constituent phases. The thickness of the deformed layer of the alloy from the coarse powder (10 μm at 3.5 m/s) was larger on the worn surface in comparison to the bars from the fine powders (5 μm at 3.5 m/s), attributed to the lower strength of the bars with coarse powders.     

Study of Tribological and Mechanical Properties of A356–Nano SiC Composites

In the present investigation, the microstructural, wear, tensile and compressive properties of Al?C7Si alloy matrix nano composites have been discussed. It is noted that the composites contain higher porosity level in comparison to the matrix and increasing amount of porosity is observed with the increasing volume fraction of the reinforcement phase in the matrix. The wear sliding test disclosed that the wear resistance of the nano SiC reinforced composites is higher than that of the unreinforced alloy. It is believed that the presence of SiC particles could shield the matrix and silicon phase from directly experiencing the applied load from the counterface. It was revealed that the presence of nano-SiC reinforcement also enhanced the hardness, tensile and compressive yield strength of Al?C7Si alloy which can be attributed to small particle size and good distribution of the SiC particles and grain refinement of the matrix. The highest yield strength and UTS was obtained by the composite with 3.5?vol% SiC nano-particles. The results show that the addition of nano-particles reduces the elongation of A356 alloy.