邯钢烧结矿实时检测准确性的提高

烧结矿是高炉炼铁主要含铁料,邯钢炼铁部技术科通过一系列的措施提高了烧结矿实时检测数据的准确性,利用统计学分析数据,为高炉炼铁生产提供了及时数据,也为烧结车间反馈了实时数据,促进了生产系统的稳定。     

基于分布式感知的氧化铝浓度动态仿真

氧化铝浓度的分布与电解过程的电流效率、温室气体排放及运行稳定性等参数都息息相关。针对传统铝电解多相多场的离线仿真速度响应不及时、对硬件要求高、仿真结果无法在线或直接用于指导生产实践等问题，将离线仿真数据与检测数据有效融合，开展铝电解动态仿真的研究，即基于实时阳极电流信号及未来预测值，结合动态U型曲线关系，在CFD氧化铝浓度的离线仿真结果库的基础上，对氧化铝浓度进行了动态仿真。为最终实现铝电解数字孪生体分布式信号采集-电流预测-氧化铝浓度动态仿真的一体化提供先进思路与技术方法。     

基于计算机编程的地下矿山实时在线安全监测系统研究

利用计算机编程技术实现了一种自动化地下矿井监测和通信系统,以确保矿井开采过程中的人员安全和生产运行的安全管理。利用无线传感器网络(WSN)辅助地理信息系统(GIS)实现地面办公区域能够实时监控和控制地下采矿的应用设备;ZigBee网络适用于地下矿井的近实时监控、通风系统控制和应急通信等。ZigBee节点的开发是为了感知环境属性,如温度、湿度和气体浓度等;通过短指令发送的方式实现换气扇的打开和关闭控制,当所检测的气体密度超出正常阈值限制时,地面的GIS管理服务器中的应用程序即触发行动计划,远程将辅助风扇转换成橙色状态,并发送不安全状态下的地下矿工疏散信息。     

矿井采空区倾角对易燃气体富集分布特征的影响研究

为准确掌握矿山井下易燃气体的分布及流动规律,加大矿区地质灾害的防治力度,其中矿井采空区不同倾角对易燃气体的储存和分布有重要的影响,本文利用FLAC3D(Fast Lagrangian Analysis of ontinuain 3 Dimensions)软件作模拟分析,针对矿层各个倾角下易燃气体储存空间的分布特征作探究...     

金属镍熔炼工艺参数在线检测网络系统

在金川公司冶炼厂熔炼车间炼镍生产工艺的基础上,开发了该车间工艺参数在线检测计算机网络控制系统。该系统要用集散式结构,利用现代化计算机检测技术,实现了镍熔炼主要工艺参数的线检测、显示、数据通信、越限报警及态热分析等功能,达到了稳定生产、降低能耗和生产成本的目的。     

智能无线压力检测技术在回转窑中的应用

通过应用无线压力检测技术与设施,解决了生产车间现场不便布线的难题,降低了项目投资成本,实现了回转窑烟气管道压力检测数据的实时远传与集中监控,同时节省了人员前往现场的次数,降低了工作量,提高了工作效率。     

冷轧酸洗机组酸液浓度在线检测系统设计与开发

在收集现场酸液浓度化验数据的基础上,建立酸液密度、酸液电导率与盐酸浓度、铁离子浓度之间的线性回归关系,搭建酸液浓度在线检测系统,实现了冷轧酸洗机组酸液浓度实时在线检测,能够较好的指导机组酸液浓度的控制,最后提高带钢酸洗质量。     

基于物联网的矿井探测系统研究

矿井开采作为一个危险性极大的行业,需要在安全方面做较大的投入,当前各煤炭企业均分配了相关的安全管理部门,采用各种高科技手段对矿井安全进行检测。业界采用物联网技术对矿井环境进行实时检测,并利用物联网技术对现场的有害气体等环境进行勘测和测量。本文利用传感器技术、无线通信系统结合对基于Zig Bee通信的传感器参数进行传输和存储,主要完成气体和尘埃传感器数据的采集,介绍了物联网构建过程中各传感器的主要工作原理,实现矿井安全的实时监控。     

基于现场总线技术的高炉数字化温度系统

为实现高炉冷却壁进出水温度在线实时检测和监控，利用LonWorks现场总线技术和数字化传感器开发了高炉数字化温度系统。计算机与现场的数据采集系统进行通讯，可获得数据或发送控制命令;系统软件采用先进的数据库访问技术，对本地的数据库进行管理;系统将检测的实时值根据设定的时间存入数据库，并在随后的温度曲线以及一系列的应用中调用数据库中存储的数据。运行表明，高炉数字化温度系统为高炉顺行奠定了基础。     

炉内板坯表面温度实时监测技术及温升过程数值研究

采用自主研发的比色高温监测系统,实时检测板坯表面温度,依据热传导理论建立了加热炉钢坯加热过程的数学模型,采用有限元法对数学模型进行了离散化分析,开发了钢坯内部中心温度随表面加热过程变化的数值模型。根据检测的钢坯表面温度及开发的数值模型实时通过有限元法[1]估算钢坯中心温度,与传统的通过热电偶探测相比精确了0.46%~0.53%[2];同时根据检测的钢坯表面与中心温差对实时建立温度补偿模型起到辅助作用,同时可以将温度补偿数据实时传递给燃烧优化控制系统,从而建立了基于钢坯表面温差补偿模型的燃烧优化控制,优化调整燃烧工艺,保证了钢坯加热质量,实现了节能降耗和效益提升。     

信息化能源调度管控系统在济钢的应用

建立能源管控系统,实现科学用能是当今钢铁业可持续发展的重要手段。分析了能源调度管控系统的结构,详述了电、水、气等介质的采集流程和方式,通过能源管控调度系统可实现数据的实时监控、数据分析、能源平衡及能源管理。此外还介绍了信息化能源调度管控系统在济钢应用的效果,包括提高煤气回收率,降低新水消耗,节约电能,减少有害气体排放等。     

The novel selected-ion flow tube approach to trace gas analysis of air and breath

We present an overview of the development and use of our selected-ion flow tube (SIFT) technique as a sensitive, quantitative method for the rapid, real-time analysis of the trace gas content of atmospheric air and human breath, presenting some pilot data from various research areas in which this method will find valuable application. We show that it is capable of detecting and quantifying trace gases, in complex mixtures such as breath, which are present at partial pressures down to about 10 parts per billion. Following discussions of the principles involved in this SIFT method of analysis, of the experiments which we have carried out to establish its quantitative validity, and of the air and breath sampling techniques involved, we present sample data on the detection and quantification of trace gases on the breath of healthy people and of patients suffering from renal failure and diabetes. We also show how breath ammonia can be accurately quantified from a single breath exhalation and used as an indicator of the presence in the stomach of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Health and safety applications are exemplified by analyses of the gases of the gases of cigarette smoke and on the breath of smokers. The value of this analytical method in environmental science is demonstrated by the analyses of petrol vapour, car exhaust emissions and the trace organic vapours detected in town air near a busy road. Final examples of the value of this analytical method are the detection and quantification of the gases emitted from crushed garlic and from breath following the chewing of a mint, which demonstrate its potential in food and flavour research. Throughout the paper we stress the advantages of this SIFT method compared to conventional mass spectrometry for trace gas analysis of complex mixtures, emphasizing its selectivity, sensitivity and real-time analysis capability. Finally, we note that whilst the current SIFT is strictly laboratory based, both transportable and portable instruments are under construction and development. These instruments will surely extend the application of this analytical technique into more areas and allow greater exploitation of their on-line and real-time features.     

井下煤矿瓦斯含量检测控制系统

本文论述了瓦斯含量监控系统的组成和检测原理,考虑系统的工作环境的特殊性并对其进行实时监控,能够实现瓦斯浓度超限报警系统外,基于有时候井下瓦斯浓度会激增,短时间内增长得很快,还特别设置了瓦斯增长率报警信号,这为预防和减小灾害损失提供了有效可靠的科学手段。     

基于手机移动传感网络的矿震群智定位方法

为提高矿震监测系统定位精度,减少监测盲区,降低监测成本,基于分布式的思想,提出一种基于手机移动传感网络的矿震定位方法。首先以矿区附近工人及家属等使用的智能手机建立手机移动传感网络,其次对模拟震源点网格化,构建基于标准差的目标函数,提出改进的萤火虫寻优策略,并使用拐点回溯法以及手机移动传感网络排除离散点策略(EDPS)降低定位误差,最后通过矿震模拟实验进行验证。实验结果表明:在手机移动传感网络无到时误差理想情况下,所有模拟震源点都能够准确收敛至震源位置,定位误差小于1 m。但手机相较于检波器到时误差较高,且定位误差与到时误差具有相关性,当手机到时误差为?1.0～1.0 s时,传统算法定位误差为216 m,无法实现高精度定位。通过研究目标函数值与定位误差间的关系,提出并使用拐点回溯法以及EDPS两种优化方法,算法绝对定位误差降低至73 m,当到时误差为?0.2～0.2 s时,绝对定位误差降低至17 m,定位精度提高76.1%。基于手机移动传感网络的矿震群智定位方法,为矿震监测提供了一种新方法,未来可考虑与井下微震系统联合,在节省监测成本、提高定位精度方面具有重要意义。      

Expired gas monitoring by mass spectrometry in a respiratory intensive care unit

The application of a medical mass spectrometer for the monitoring of respired gases in the respiratory intensive care unit of a community hospital is reviewed. This monitoring system is routinely used with intubated patients for periodic monitoring of end-tidal CO2 tensions (PETCO2), FIO2, and PETO2 dead space to tidal volume ratios, and the determination of AaDO2; the value of these measurements is discussed. It is especially useful for continuous monitoring at critical points in the patient's course such as weaning from the ventilator, determining optimal ventilator settings, monitoring, unstable nonintubated patients, and in better defining the pathophysiological disturbances impeding patient progress, examples of which are presented. Preliminary observations suggest it may also provide a simple technique for determining optimal expiratory retard settings. The initial cost of such a system is justified by the benefit to the patient, i.e., reduction in the frequency of nonessential arterial blood gas determinations, shortened weaning period, and early detection of potentially dangerous trends. Technical problems encountered with this system and potential future uses are also discussed.     

Danger of fire and explosion in anaesthetic and surgical departments

Corresponding to the fact that flammable anaesthetics are still very seldron in use the possibility of fires an explosions has diminished; the frequency of accidents caused by flammable colonic gases and by desinficients is about unchanged whilst a new kind can and dose occur: Fires and (occassional) explosions with "nonflammable" anaesthetic technics. A survey about 16 cases (including oxygen-fires) should be of interest for surgeons and intensive-care-people as well as for anaesthetists.     

Analysis of dissolved methane, ethane, and ethylene in ground water by a standard gas chromatographic technique

The measurement of dissolved gases such as methane, ethane, and ethylene in ground water is important in determining whether intrinsic bioremediation is occurring in a fuel- or solvent-contaminated aquifer. A simple procedure is described for the collection and subsequent analysis of ground water samples for these analytes. A helium headspace is generated above a water-filled bottle. Gases that are dissolved in the water partition between the gas and liquid phases and equilibrate rapidly. An aliquot of this headspace is analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the gases concentration in this phase. The concentration of the gas dissolved in the water can then be calculated based on its partitioning properties, as indicated by its Henry's Law constant.     

Transcutaneous measurement of partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Transcutaneous monitoring is noninvasive and relatively simple to use. In neonates and small infants, this monitoring technique may provide very useful clinical information. Transcutaneous gas monitoring, using conventional electrochemical techniques, provides a means of trending the values of PaO2 and PaCO2 in most patients with relatively normal cardiovascular function. In patients with compromised cardiopulmonary function and in many adults, because of different skin structure, transcutaneous gas monitoring will not accurately reflect arterial blood gas tensions. Because transcutaneous gases depend on skin perfusion, however, it may be useful in monitoring tissue perfusion, especially in patients with peripheral vascular disease and tissue flaps. The heating of the monitoring probe necessitates frequent site changes to avoid thermal injury, which make it more labor intensive than other noninvasive monitoring methods.     

The injection of solids using a reactive carrier gas

The injection of nonwettable powders into melts in the bubbling regime was studied experimentally using a cold-model system. Polyethylene powder was injected into a cylindrical vessel containing water, through a vertical top-submerged lance, with insoluble (air) and soluble (ammonia) carrier gases. The concentration of particles in the liquid and the penetration length of the particle-liquid jet into the bath were measured, as the carrier gas composition, the gas and solids flow rates, and the particle size were varied. It was found that the concentration of particles retained in the liquid was up to 10 times higher, and the penetration length of the jet was up to three times higher when the soluble carrier gas was used instead of the insoluble carrier gas. For both carrier gases, the dispersed particle concentration increased with increasing gas flow rate and increasing particle size, whereas the penetration length of the jet increased with increasing gas and solids flow rates.     

C2H6、C2H4、CO与H2对甲烷爆炸压力及动力学特性影响

为量化可燃气体爆燃引起的潜在危险性提供相关的基础数据,设计出在气体燃料加工、储存和运输过程中能够承受爆炸危险的容器。运用20 L球形气体爆炸系统,在不同初始温度（298～373 K）与不同的预混气体（CO、H₂、C₂H₄、C₂H₆）体积分数（0.4%～2.0%）条件下,获取了甲烷体积分数为7%与11%的甲烷?空气混合物的爆炸压力特性参数。此外,采用 CHEMKIN软件,模拟分析了不同体积分数的预混气体在爆炸过程中H·、O· 和·OH自由基摩尔分数的变化趋势,并进行了敏感性分析。结果表明,同一体积分数的预混气体,随初始温度的增加,最大爆炸压力呈线性降低,最大爆炸压力上升速率几乎恒定或下降。同一初始温度,对于甲烷体积分数为7%的甲烷?空气混合物,随着预混气体的体积分数增大到2%,其最大爆炸压力、最大爆炸压力上升速率均呈增大的趋势,而甲烷体积分数为11%的甲烷?空气混合物对应的最大爆炸压力与最大爆炸压力上升速率均呈减小趋势。随着预混气体体积分数的增加,甲烷体积分数为7%的甲烷?空气混合物在爆炸过程中H·、O·和·OH自由基摩尔分数峰值上升。O·和·OH自由基摩尔分数峰值在甲烷体积分数为11%的甲烷?空气混合物中呈下降趋势,H·自由基摩尔分数峰值有所上升。对于甲烷体积分数为7%与11%的甲烷?空气混合物,其影响甲烷的关键基元反应式不变,敏感性系数随预混气体体积分数的增加而减弱。