生物冶金过程中黄钾铁矾的生成与抑制

研究初始pH梯度对细菌培养过程中黄钾铁矾生成的影响。结果表明,黄钾铁矾的生成受溶液pH、细菌活性和Fe3+浓度共同影响。溶液pH 1.4~2.0时细菌活性较好,溶液中Fe2+转化成Fe3+的速率快,促进Fe3+水解生成黄钾铁矾;溶液pH 1.0~1.4时Fe3+的水解反应受到显著抑制。Fe3+的水解过程是先生成胶体相Fe(OH)3后逐渐形核、生长、结晶出黄钾铁矾。生物冶金过程中反应前期溶液pH应大于1.4,此阶段以促进细菌生长、加快矿石氧化分解为主,当细菌生长进入对数期后,溶液pH应小于1.4,此阶段以控制浸出液中细菌的活性,抑制黄钾铁矾的生成为主。     

水热臭葱石固砷过程Na+和K+的影响

水热臭葱石沉砷体系中Na⁺、K⁺碱金属离子对沉砷渣物相组成影响显著，Fe(Ⅲ)与As(Ⅴ)共沉淀生成臭葱石(FeAsO₄·2H₂O)、次水合砷酸铁(FeAsO₄·0.75H₂O)砷铁共沉淀物，同时Fe(Ⅲ)还以黄钠铁矾(NaFe₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆)、黄钾铁矾(KFe₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆)、碱式硫酸铁(Fe(OH)SO₄)形态竞争析出，从而影响沉砷渣的稳定性。在Na₂SO₄-(K₂SO₄)-FeSO₄-H₃AsO₄-H₂O体系中研究了Na⁺、K⁺     

硫酸锰溶液中钾钠等杂质的分离

在制备硫酸锰溶液中,往往含有钙、镁、钾、钠等元素,需净化除去。在一般情况下,钙、镁可通过浓缩、静置、结晶分离除去。据悉,中南工业大学在研究含钾等硫酸锰溶液时,向溶液中添加 Fe(SO_4)_3,使K~ 与加入的 Fe~(3 )形成黄钾铁矾〔K_2Fe_6(SO_4)_4(OH)_(12)〕沉淀。若锰矿中含铁,将     

湿法炼锌浸出渣和黄钾铁矾渣的鉴别

湿法炼锌浸出渣和黄钾铁矾渣是湿法炼锌工艺中常见的固体废物,且均为我国禁止进口的固体废物。这两种固体废物中锌含量较高,常冒充锌精矿向我国进口。因此实验针对湿法炼锌浸出渣和黄钾铁矾渣进行鉴别,首先利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)对制得粉末样品中的元素进行分析,结果表明,湿法炼锌浸出渣的主要元素为Fe、Zn,黄钾铁矾渣的主要元素为Fe、S、Zn,且湿法炼锌浸出渣和黄钾铁矾渣中均含有As、Cd、Ga、In、Ag等元素。再利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对粉末样品中存在的物相进行分析,湿法炼锌浸出渣的主要物相为ZnFe₂O₄,并含有少量PbSO₄、Zn₂SiO₄、ZnS,黄钾铁矾渣的主要物相为KFe₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆、ZnFe₂O₄、Zn₂SiO₄。实验建立的湿法炼锌浸出渣和黄钾铁矾渣的鉴别方法为进口固体废物的监管提供了技术支持。     

高压水热还原法利用生物质分离黄钾铁矾渣中铁的研究

在高压水热反应釜内,以纤维素为还原剂将黄钾铁矾渣中的Fe(Ⅲ)还原为可磁选分离的磁铁矿(Fe3O4)。系统考察了水热温度及还原时间等对Fe(Ⅲ)还原的影响,并借助XRD及SEM等分析了不同还原条件下还原产物的微观形貌和物相构成。结果表明,在260℃还原6h的条件下,Fe(Ⅲ)的还原率可达到51.8%。反应产物经磁选后可获得磁铁矿精矿。     

钛白废液制备黄钾铁矾的实验研究

以钛白废液为原料,通过添加氯酸钾和氢氧化钾制备黄钾铁矾,考察了反应温度、溶液pH值和反应时间对钛白废液中Fe沉淀率的影响,同时对沉淀物进行微观形貌及物相组成分析。结果表明:在温度95℃、溶液pH值2.0和反应时间40min的条件下,钛白废液中的Fe沉淀率大于99%;沉淀物为黄钾铁矾针状晶体,滤液中除SO_4~(2-)和Fe~(2+)浓度显著降低外,Ti、V和Sc等稀有金属离子浓度几乎未改变,有利于下一步稀有金属的分离提纯。     

针铁矿除铁原理探讨

在湿法炼锌中,铁、锌分离是一个重要的工艺过程,在传统的湿法炼锌工艺中,是采用水解中和法来达到除铁的目的。此工艺的致命缺点是胶体Fe(OH)_3不易沉淀、过滤,锌回收率低等。近年来人们采用高温高酸浸出、黄钾铁矾除铁工艺较好地解决了这     

黄铵铁矾渣的焙烧酸浸行为研究

对黄铵铁矾渣的组成结构及其焙烧酸浸行为进行研究,以达到使渣中的铟、锌和铁得到高效分离和利用的目的。由MLA分析推测黄铵铁矾渣的结构式为NH_4Fe_3(SO_4)_2(OH)_6,渣中的铁主要包含在黄铵铁矾结构中,锌主要包含在水锌矾Zn[SO_4]·H_2O结构中。在680~720℃焙烧1.5h后酸浸,铟的浸出率大于82%,锌的浸出率大于95%,铁的浸出率小于10%,实现了黄铵铁矾渣中的锌、铟和铁的有效分离。     

黄钾铁矾法去除溶液中Fe~(3+)的动力学

研究了以黄钾铁矾法去除溶液中的Fe~(3+),考察了Fe_2(SO_4)_3、K_2SO_4、H_2SO_4浓度对除铁速率的影响。结果表明:黄钾铁矾的生成速率随溶液中K_2SO_4、Fe_2(SO_4)_3浓度和温度升高而增大,随H_2SO_4浓度升高而减小。动力学研究结果表明:Fe_2(SO_4)_3、K_2SO_4、H_2SO_4的反应级数分别为1.5,0.5,-1.0,反应活化能为15.12kJ/mol,指前因子为0.31s~(-1)。     

水热法合成花瓣和纳米片β-Ni（OH）2及其表征

以硝酸镍为镍源,浓氨水为沉淀剂,水热法合成了花瓣状β-Ni(OH)2球和β-Ni(OH)2纳米片,该合成方法简单易行。利用XRD和SEM分别对合成试样进行物相和形貌分析。研究结果表明:当pH值和反应时间均相同时,低温有利于合成花瓣状β-Ni(OH)2球,高温有利于合成β-Ni(OH)2纳米片。当反应时间为48.0h和pH值为9.0时,180℃下合成了花瓣状β-Ni(OH)2球;240℃下合成了β-Ni(OH)2纳米片。通过考察水热条件对产物形貌的影响,探讨了花瓣状β-Ni(OH)2球和β-Ni(OH)2纳米片的形成机制。     

Factors affecting the precipitation of chromium(III) in jarosite-type compounds

Jarosite precipitation is a useful means of stabilizing toxic species, and accordingly, the factors affecting the precipitation of chromium(III) in jarosite-type compounds was systematically investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. Although end-member Cr(III) analogues of jarosite-type compounds could not be precipitated at temperatures <100 °C, several percent Cr(III) substitution for Fe(III) in potassium jarosite and sodium jarosite was observed. However, at temperatures >200 °C, the Cr(III) analogue of potassium jarosite (KCr₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆) is readily precipitated. The Cr(III) analogue has the R $\bar 3$ m structure characteristic of jarosite-type compounds, with a=7.23±0.02Å and c=17.02±0.02 Å. The well-crystallized material typically contains (wt pct): ～7K, ～25Cr, and ～41SO₄. The composition suggests the partial substitution of hydronium ion for potassium and some chromium vacancies in the structure. The formation of the Cr(III) analogue is promoted by increasing temperatures, retention times, and Cr(III) concentrations. Increasing acid concentrations reduce the amount of product formed but suppress the undesirable precipitation of amorphous phases. Although increasing K₂SO₄ concentrations result in a greater mass of precipitate, the products formed from concentrated K₂SO₄ solutions are contaminated with an amorphous phase. In fact, the overall results suggest that an amorphous phase precipitates initially and that the Cr(III) analogue of potassium jarosite forms by the recrystallization, or the dissolution-reprecipitation, of the amorphous phase.     

湿法炼锌铁钒除铁工艺管路结晶的机理探讨

通过对湿法炼锌过程所涉及的三元体系M_2SO_4-ZnSO_4-H_2O(M=K,Na,NH4)溶解度相图的比较研究,发现在上述三元体系中,在一般的冶炼工艺条件下,复盐(如(NH_4)_2SO_4·ZnSO_4·6H_2O(s)、Na_2SO_4·ZnSO_4·4H_2O(s)、K_2SO_4·ZnSO_4·6H_2O(s)远比单盐(如ZnSO_4·7H_2O(s)、Na_2SO_4(s)、K_2SO_4(s))要容易析出得多。这些复盐在溶液中的溶解度均随着温度的降低而降低,是管路结晶的主要诱因。溶解度较小的((NH_4)_2SO_4·ZnSO_4·6H_2O(s)生成是导致黄铵铁钒除铁过程管路易结晶堵塞的主因。     

Synthesis, Thermodynamic, and Kinetics of Rubidium Jarosite Decomposition in Calcium Hydroxide Solutions

Rubidium jarosite was synthesized as a single phase by precipitation from aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive spectrometry analysis showed that the synthetic product is a solid rubidium jarosite phase formed in spherical particles with an average particle size of about 35???m. The chemical analysis showed an approximate formula of Rb_0.9432Fe₃(SO₄)_2.1245(OH)₆. The decomposition of jarosite in terms of solution pH was thermodynamically modeled using FACTSage by constructing the potential pH diagram at 298?K (25?°C). The E-pH diagram showed that the decomposition of jarosite leads to a goethite compound (FeO·OH) together with Rb⁺ and $ {\text{SO}}_{4}^{2 - } $ ions. The experimental Rb-jarosite decomposition was carried out in alkaline solutions with five different Ca(OH)₂ concentrations. The decomposition process showed a so-called ??induction period?? followed by a progressive conversion period where Rb⁺ and $ {\text{SO}}_{4}^{2 - } $ ions formed in the aqueous solutions, whereas calcium was incorporated in the solid residue and iron gave way to goethite. The kinetic analysis showed that this process can be represented by the shrinking core chemically controlled model with a reaction order with respect to Ca(OH)₂ equals 0.4342 and the calculated activation energy is 98.70?kJ mol^?C1.     

无金属粘结相硬质合金的电化学腐蚀行为

采用1 700℃、20 MPa高温高压固相烧结工艺制备WC-0.5Cr3C2-0.3VC、WC-3.65TiC-2.45TaC-0.47Cr3C2-0.28VC和WC-6Mo2C-0.47Cr3C2-0.28VC等3种无金属粘结相硬质合金。采用CHI 660C电化学工作站研究在pH=1的H2SO4溶液、pH=7的Na2SO4溶液和pH=13的NaOH溶液中3种合金的电化学腐蚀行为。结果表明,在pH=1的H2SO4溶液和pH=7的Na2SO4溶液中WC-6Mo2C-0.47Cr3C2-0.28VC合金的耐腐蚀性能最好,在pH=13的NaOH溶液中WC-3.65TiC-2.45TaC-0.47Cr3C2-0.28VC的耐腐蚀性能最好。3种无金属粘结相硬质合金在pH=13的NaOH溶液中的耐腐蚀性能均优于其在pH=1的H2SO4溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。综合比较合金的硬度、耐腐蚀性能以及原材料价格,3种合金中WC-6Mo2C-0.47Cr3C2-0.28VC合金具有更佳的性价比。     

Electrochemical Behavior of Bulk Amorphous Steel Fe55M2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2（M=Ni, Cu, Nb）

 Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2,Fe55Cu2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 and Fe55Nb2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 alloys with diameter of 4mm were produced by copper mold casting. The role of alloying additions (Ni, Cu or Nb) on corrosion resistance of Fe55Nb2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2, Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 and Fe55Cu2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 alloys were studied by polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 and Fe55Cu2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 alloys can be cast into bulk metallic glasses. Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 and     

Rubidium jarosite and thallium jarosite — new synthetic jarosite-type compounds and their structures

Rubidium jarosite (RbFe₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆) and thallium jarosite (TlFe₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆) were synthesized as single phase products by precipitation from aqueous solution. Hydronium ion (H₃O⁺) substitutes for part of the “alkali” metal in these compounds. Both jarosites are hexagonal (R3m) and have similar unit cell dimensions. During heating rubidium jarosite undergoes two major decompositions; initially water is evolved and subsequently sulphur oxides are emitted. Thallium jarosite decomposes in three principal stages during programmed heating. The first two stages are similar to the decomposition of rubidium jarosite; the third decomposition involves the breakdown of thallium sulphate and the subsequent sublimation of thallous oxide.     

Electrochemical Behavior of Bulk Amorphous Steel Fe55M2Cr12Mo10B5C13Y2(M=Ni,Cu,Nb)

Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2,Fe55Cu2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 and Fe55Nb2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 alloys with diameter of 4 mm were produced by copper mold casting. The effect of alloying additions (Ni,Cu or Nb) on corrosion resistance of Fe55 Ni2 Cr2Mo10 B6 C13 Y2,Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 and Fe55 Cu2 Cr12 Mo10 B6 C13 Y2 alloys was studied by polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13 Y2 and Fe55Cu2Cr12Mo10B6C13 Y2 alloys can be cast to form bulk metallic glasses. Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13 Y2 and Fe55Cu2Cr12 Mo10B6C13Y2 amorphous alloys with passive potential about 1500 mV exhibit good corrosion resistance in NaCl solution of 5 % and 1 mol/L HC1 solution. The passive current density of the alloy with Ni addition is lower than that of other alloys. EIS results only show one impedance element. Amorphous alloy Fe55 Ni2 Cr12 Mo10 B6 C13 Y2 with larger charge transfer reaction resistance indicates good corrosion resistance.     

氯化钠-硫氰酸铵-正丙醇-水体系中铁（Ⅲ）的析相萃取分离和富集研究

研究了氯化钠-硫氰酸铵-正丙醇-水体系析相萃取分离和富集铁的行为及铁与一些金属离子分离的条件。结果表明,氯化钠能使正丙醇的水溶液分成两相,在分相过程中,Fe（Ⅲ）和NH4SCN生成的［Fe（SCN）4~6］［（4~6）-3］-与质子化正丙醇C3H7OH2+ 形成的缔合物［Fe（SCN）4-6］［ C3H7OH2］1-３能被正丙醇相完全萃取。当溶液pH值为3,正丙醇的体积分数、NH4SCN溶液的浓度和氯化钠溶液的质量浓度分别为30 %,7.0×10-2 mol/L和0.2 g/mL时, Fe（Ⅲ）的萃取率达到97.5%以上,而W(Ⅵ),Ag（Ⅰ）,Ce（Ⅲ）,Cr（Ⅲ）,Mn（Ⅱ）,Cd（Ⅱ）,Al（Ⅲ）,Ni（Ⅱ）,Ga（Ⅲ）和Mg（Ⅱ）基本不被萃取,实现了Fe（Ⅲ）与上述金属离子的分离。对合成水样和镍铬铝合金中Fe（Ⅲ）进行分离和测定,结果满意。该萃取体系可以用作微量铁的分离和富集,在分析中具有实用价值。