镁合金表面功能纳米薄膜的制备

通过有机镀膜技术，对镁合金表面进行改性。对有机镀膜处理后的镁合金表面的接触角，表面自由能进行了测定。研究了不同有机镀液，在恒电流作用下，有机镀膜时间对镁合金表面性能的影响。结果表明，经过TTN溶液有机镀膜后，镁合金板表现出亲水性，其表面能比未处理镁合金板的表面自由能要高；而经过DHN和DAN溶液有机镀膜后，镁合金板表现出良好的疏水性，其表面能比未处理镁合金板的表面自由能要低，在二者中DHN处理后的疏水效果最好。实现了对镁合金表面疏水、亲水表面改性，能够很好的扩大镁合金在工业中的应用领域。     

Fe-Ni-B非晶纳米粒子不同处理后表面组成和结构的研究

对Fe-Ni-B非晶纳米粒子表面施加了单宁酸和重铬酸钾处理后，采用X射线光电子能谱和透射电子显微镜等技术对处理后粒子的表面组成和结构进行了分析。结果表明，单宁酸和重铬酸钾处理均可以提高Fe-Ni-B非晶纳米粒子的饱和磁化强度，且后者的提高幅度远大于前者。原因在于两种处理均使粒子的表面状态发生了有利于增强饱和磁化强度的变化，在表面形成了复合型氧化物NiFe2O4而重铬酸钾处理还在粒子表面形成了致密的Cr2O3层，阻挡了氧原子从表面向体内的扩散，减少了粒子的氧化态数量，从而使其饱和磁化强度得以大大提高。     

表面燃烧改造对贯流锅炉热力平衡的影响

贯流锅炉采用表面燃烧改造后，由于辐射换热量大幅度的减少，水管的冷却效果降低，严重影响了原有的热力系统平衡，水管普遍产生密集性裂纹。从数值模拟的角度，模拟了贯流锅炉扩散燃烧方式和表面燃烧方式炉膛内燃烧和热量交换情况，通过对比发现，表面燃烧改造后烟气第一回程出口烟气温度和流速明显高于原扩散燃烧方式，高温烟气以较高流速冲刷第一回程出口处水管，解释了贯流锅炉表面燃烧改造后水管易产生密集性裂纹的原因。     

采用后天增氮法对取向电磁钢板一次被膜质量的影响及改善措施#br#

采用氨气增氮法，将在钢板表面近旁形成氮化层，可对氮化层实现定量分析，取样后研磨内表面，直到距外表面（1/10）t为止，研磨完留下的试样作为外表面含氮量分析用试样，对于内表面也采用同样方法制备内表面分析试样。由此可分析和计算出内外两表面增氮量之差占总增氮量比率，如果在15 %以上，那么脱碳退火和增氮处理后的钢带的卷取方法应使氮化量多的一面成为钢卷钢带的外表面，依据氮化后钢带两表面增氮量不同为基础，变更卷取机的卷取方向以获得高温退火后一次被膜内外表面均优良的取向电磁钢板。     

氧化锆/甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合材料的制备研究

纳米ZrO2颗粒经过偶联后，通过表面接枝法，制备了表面接枝聚合物ZrO2-PMMA。沉降分析、红外光谱和光电子能谱的结果证明了聚合物确实是纳米ZrO2颗粒被PMMA所包覆，纳米ZrO2颗粒表面有机化后分散性能大大增加。     

冷轧板退火表面发黑的原因分析

昆钢板带生产线自投产以来，冷轧板产品在退火后，表面常常附着一层黑色物质，影响产品质量。经技术中心取样分析研究，并查阅相关资料后证实：冷轧板退火表面发黑主要是由于残留在冷轧板中的碳氢化合物在高温下分解，形成分子碳呈碳黑沉积在钢板表面而造成的。通过热分析和x射线物相分析等手段，确定了退火冷轧板表面附着的黑色物质物相和乳化液中碳氢化合物的分解温度，提出了冷轧板在退火工艺中避免表面形成碳黑的思路。     

1J79光亮处理后发灰的成因

本文用ＸＰＳ研究了１Ｊ７９光亮热处理后表面发灰的成因分析结果表明，氧在高温下和材料中的钛发生作用，引起杂质元素钛在表面的偏析，是造成材料表面光亮处理后发灰的主要原因，并提出了改进措施。     

高铬合金表面渗碳研究

针对合金篦条材料表面进行等离子渗碳技术的试验研究和渗层的耐磨性能实验分析。利用等离子技术成功地在舍金篦条试样表面渗碳，使表面w（C）达到1．5％以上，渗碳层深1mm左右，表面硬度大大提高。合金篦条试样经渗碳后，在合金表面形成了碳化铬化合物，表面耐磨性能发生了质的变化。经磨损试验。耐磨性能较未经表面处理试样有较大的提高。     

蒸馏塔表面温度的测量和散热计算

用红外线测温仪器对蒸馏塔和平衡槽进行了表面温度的测量，根据测量结果对塔和槽的表面热进行计算，得知造成工况变坏的原因为表面散热过大，进行保温处理后达到了工艺要求。     

连铸板坯轧制中板的表面缺陷

对连铸板坯轧制中板表面缺限进行了分析，根据产生原因可分为有含有非金属夹杂的气囊表面缺陷；不含有非金属夹杂的气囊表面缺陷；由气泡产生的“雨点”状表面缺陷；“鱼鳞”状表面缺陷，“山水画”状表面缺陷，另外，对产生这些表面缺限原因初步分析，探讨后提出了改进措施，从而为现场提供判断依据。     

Influence of phosphorus addition on the surface tension of liquid iron and segregation of phosphorus on the surface of Fe-P alloy

This article presents a study of the surface tension and phosphorus surface segregation in Fe-P alloys. The surface tension was measured by the sessile drop technique. The result of the dynamic surface tension for the low phosphorus content alloys shows that the alloy surface vaporization has a clear effect on the surface tension and causes a positive surface tension temperature coefficient. However, from this article, it is evident that phosphorus in liquid iron acts as a surface active element similar to arsenic. The surface segregation was determined using Auger electron spectroscopy. The result on the surface analysis of as-solidified sample indicates that the adsorption of impurity elements, such as oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen, can conceal phosphorus segregation on the free surface. Phosphorus segregation was also examined in the samples as-cleaned by Ar⁺ and then treated 30 minutes at 650°C. Phosphorus was found to segregate extensively on the surface of the alloys. On the basis of the analysis of the published data, the surface active intensity sequence of some nonmetallic elements was arrayed, and the surface active intensity of fluorine and boron in liquid iron was estimated.     

Stress state in the surface layers of steel R6M5 after electrospark and laser treatment

Laser irradiation of the electrospark alloyed surface of high-speed steel produced remelting of the surface layer and formation of a broad structure transition zone. This optimized the gradient of properties at the surface. Laser treatment of the electrospark coatings produced tensile stresses in the surface layers, whose magnitude and distribution were dependent on the treatment conditions, as well as the physico-chemical interaction of the refractory compound with molten steel in the liquid pool formed by irradiation.     

Lunar Dust Levitation

Observations of a lunar “horizon glow” by several Surveyor spacecraft on the lunar surface in the 1960s and detections of dust particle impacts by the Apollo 17 Lunar Ejecta and Meteoroid Experiment have been explained as the result of micron-sized charged particles lifting off the surface. The surface of the Moon is exposed to the solar wind and solar UV radiation causing photoemission, so it develops a surface charge and an electric field near the surface. Dust particles injected into this plasma from the lunar regolith, whether from human and mechanical activity or from meteoroid impacts or electrostatic forces, may be stably levitated above the surface and may undergo preferential deposition onto areas of the lunar surface (or equipment) with different electrical properties. This can lead to a net transport as well as contamination of sensitive equipment. This paper reports on new experimental measurements and numerical simulations of the plasma environment above the lunar surface and the related behavior of charged dust.     

Wire-Based Friction Stir Processing as a Novel Pathway for Solid-State Surface Alloying of Magnesium

Wire-based friction stir processing is introduced as a solid-state surface alloying strategy for surface alloying of AZ31 magnesium alloy with aluminum, as a key alloying element in magnesium alloys. This technique enables the formation of a defect-free, grain refined and alloyed surface with the increased volume fraction of Mg-Al second phase, and thus, enhanced surface hardness. This simple technique provides a solid-state surface alloying pathway to improve the surface properties of the metallic materials.

     

Studies on the Flotation of Chrysocolla

This paper summarizes the results of numerous investigations on the structure, surface properties and flotation behaviour of chrysocolla. Until the late sixties, chrysocolla was considered to be a hydrated copper silicate without fixed mineral composition. Recent articles, however, have revealed that chrysocolla is a definite mineral having an orthorhombic unit cell and a characteristic fibrous structure. The results reported by various researchers seem to indicate that mobile superficial copper ions, as well as the silica skeleton, are responsible for the similarities observed in the surface properties of all chrysocolla samples which prevail in spite of the well known differences in composition of chrysocolla specimens. The equilibrium diagram for the system copper oxide-silica-water has been introduced as a valuable tool for predicting the surface properties of chrysocolla. However, the conditioning pH is the most critical parameter which determines the surface characteristics and the flotation behaviour of chrysocolla. It has been recognized that this mineral is a microporous solid whose nature can be considerably altered by heat treatment around 550°C. This so-called “thermal activation of chrysocolla” could result in the crystallization of individual surface oxides and/or the sintering of the micropores, which in turn significantly enhances the flotation response of copper silicate. Studies of the sulfidization of malachite and chrysocolla have revealed that the sulfidization process produces different sulfide surfaces on natural and thermally activated chrysocolla. It is only in the latter case that the superficial film exhibits the same electrochemical properties as the surface of sulfidized malachite.     

The key technologies of controlling low carbon steel as-cast strip surface quality

This article is try to explain or analyze the key technologies of controlling the surface quality of low carbon steel as cast strip through investigation of interface heat transfer between solidified shell and liquid steel.The one of the key technologies of controlling surface quality of low carbon steel as cast strip is through the casting roll surface texture in order to achieve the homogeneous solidification on the casting roll.Another is through forming a thin film on the casting roll surface in order to achieve a balance between rapid solidification and homogeneous solidification.This film formed between the twin roll and the molten steel can be controlled by adjusting the chemical composition and inclusion in liquid steel through controlling the amount of all[O]and free[O].     

机械表面处理铜合金研究现状

铜合金具有良好的导电性和导热性，进一步提升铜合金力学性能可扩展其应用领域。通过机械表面处理在铜合金内构筑梯度纳米晶结构能在无合金元素添加的条件下，大幅提升铜合金强度-塑性匹配、抗疲劳等性能，具有工程应用潜力。本文首先综述了国内外制备梯度纳米晶结构铜合金常用的机械表面处理技术；其次，分析了机械表面处理对铜合金强度-塑性匹配性、疲劳性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响，并系统阐述了梯度纳米晶结构铜合金组织稳定性的调控方法；最后，总结了机械表面处理铜合金研究领域的发展趋势及面临的挑战。     

Tracheobronchial stenting for the treatment of airway obstruction

A wettability gradient was prepared on lowdensity polyethylene (PE) sheets by treating them in air with a corona from a knife-type electrode the power of which increased gradually along the sample length. The PE surfaces oxidized gradually with the increasing corona power and a wettability gradient was created on the surfaces, as evidenced by the measurement of water contact angles, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflectance mode, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The wettability gradient surfaces prepared were used to investigate the adhesion behavior of platelets in the absence and presence of plasma proteins in terms of the surface hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of polymeric materials. The platelets adhered to the wettability gradient surfaces along the sample length were counted and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the platelet adhesion in the absence of plasma proteins increased gradually as the surface wettability increased along the sample length. The platelets adhered to the hydrophilic positions of the gradient surface also were more activated (possessed more pseudo pods as examined by SEM) than on the more hydrophobic ones. However, platelet adhesion in the presence of plasma proteins decreased gradually with the increasing surface wettability; the platelets adhered to the surface also were more activated on the hydrophobic positions of the gradient surface. This result is closely related to plasma protein adsorption on the surface. Plasma protein adsorption on the wettability gradient surface increased with the increasing surface wettability. More plasma protein adsorption on the hydrophilic positions of the gradient surface caused less platelet adhesion, probably due to platelet adhesion inhibiting proteins, such as high-molecular-weight kininogen, which preferably adsorbs onto the surface by the so-called Vroman effect. It seems that both the presence of plasma proteins and surface wettability play important roles for platelet adhesion and activation.     

Characterization of unusual escape variants of hepatitis B virus isolated from a hepatitis B surface antigen-negative subject

Hepatitis B virus DNA was extracted from serial serum samples of a hepatitis B surface antigen-negative patient with antibodies to the core protein as the only marker of an infection with hepatitis B virus. This patient showed no symptoms of hepatic injury. Sequencing of the amplified viral DNA demonstrated multiple amino acid changes clustering in surface-exposed regions of the surface protein. Synthesis and association of the middle (M) and small (S) surface proteins could be shown in vitro. The variant surface antigens were recognized neither by monoclonal antibodies to the surface antigen nor by the vaccinee's sera. Consequences for hepatitis B surface antigen testing and vaccine development are discussed.     

Topographical relationship between sucrase and leucine beta-naphthylamidase on the microvilli membrane of rabbit intestinal mucosal cells

The topographical relationship between sucrase [EC 3.2.1.26] and leucine beta-naphthylamidase (LNAase) on the microvilli membrane of rabbit small-intestinal mucosal cells was studied assuming that where enzymes with different antigenicities, A and B, are situated in close proximity on the surface of microvilli vesicles, the agglutination of vesicles by anti-A antibody is inhibited by the previous binding of monovalent fragments of anti-B antibody to enzyme B on the surface of vesicles. Like anti-sucrase antibody, anti-LNAase antibody quantitatively agglutinated microvilli vesicles. It inhibited the membrane-bound LNAase activity in the same manner as the detergent-solubilized activity. This inhibitory effect of anti-LNAase antibody was not interfered with by monovalent fragments of anti-sucrase antibody. However, the monovalent fragments inhibited vesicle agglutination by anti-LNAase antibody as well as by anti-sucrase antibody. These results indicate that LNAase is located on the outer surface of microvilli vesicles and suggest that LNAase and sucrase are situated in close proximity on the membrane surface of microvilli vesicles.