复合变质与热处理对Al-18Si-4Cu-0.5Mg合金组织和性能的影响

采用室温拉伸实验、金相组织观察和扫描电镜观察研究了复合变质处理和T6热处理对过共晶Al-18Si-4Cu-0. 5Mg合金力学性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明,过共晶Al-18Si-4Cu-0.5Mg合金经P-RE-Sr复合变质处理后,初晶硅由粗大不规则板块状细化为细小片状,尺寸明显减小,共晶硅由细长针状转变为珊瑚状、短棒状和蠕虫状,经T6热处理后,初晶硅尺寸无明显变化,共晶硅发生熔断、球化;经P-RE-Sr复合变质处理后,抗拉强度由222MPa提高至236MPa,延伸率由3.22%提高至4.03%;复合变质合金经T6热处理后,抗拉强度大幅度提高,提高至320MPa,但延伸率略有下降,下降至3.37%。     

固溶时效对高体积比SiCp/6013Al复合材料导热性能及强度的影响

研究了固溶时效对高体积比SiCp/Al复合材料的导热性能及抗弯强度影响.研究发现热处理改变了复合材料SiCp/Al 界面结合状况,提高了导热性能;同时强化了基体合金,改变了SiCp 颗粒所受应力状态,提高了复合材料的强度,使高体积比SiCp/Al复合材料的导热系数达到210 W/(m*K),抗弯强度达到519 MPa.     

石墨烯含量对石墨烯/Al-15Si-4Cu-Mg复合材料微观组织和力学性能的影响

低温球磨分散结合真空热压烧结工艺制备了石墨烯增强的Al-15Si-4Cu-Mg基复合材料.采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、能谱分析和透射电镜表征了复合材料微观结构，通过抗拉强度和硬度测试，研究了石墨烯添加量对石墨烯/Al-15Si-4Cu-Mg复合材料微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:当石墨烯质量分数分别为0.4%和0.8%，石墨烯沿基体晶界均匀分布，钉扎晶界，石墨烯与Al-15Si-4Cu-Mg基体界面结合良好，初晶β-Si、Mg₂Si和Al₂Cu相弥散分布于基体中.当石墨烯质量分数上升至1%，石墨烯分散困难，过量石墨烯富集于晶粒边界处，诱发脆性鱼骨状Al₄Cu₂Mg₈Si₇相沿晶界析出.当石墨烯质量分数为0.8%时，石墨烯/Al-15Si-4Cu-Mg复合材料的拉伸强度和硬度分别达到321 MPa和HV 98，相比纯Al-15Si-4Cu-Mg复合材料分别提高了19.3%和46.2%；当石墨烯质量分数为0.4%时，复合材料的屈服强度高达221 MPa，硬度和塑性亦获得明显改善.      

12%SiCp/Al复合材料制备工艺及力学性能研究

对碳化硅颗粒进行表面氧化酸洗处理，采用粉末冶金加热挤压工艺制备了12％SiCp／Al（体积分数）复合材料。利用金相显微镜和电镜对微观组织进行了观测，拉伸试验测试复合材料的力学性能。试验结果表明：SiC颗粒在铝基体中分布比较均匀；T6热处理条件下12％SiCp／Al复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别约为472．4MPa、525．7MPa，伸长率为6．5％，弹性模量为92．7GPa。     

颗粒体积分数对高压扭转的SiCp/Al基复合材料拉伸性能影响

基于高压扭转法制备SiCp/Al基复合材料,采用金相显微镜、室温拉伸性能测试实验并结合断口扫描电镜观察,研究颗粒体积分数对SiCp/Al基复合材料的显微组织和拉伸性能的影响.结果表明:SiC颗粒体积分数越大,剪切应变量越小,SiC颗粒分布越不均匀,团聚越严重.试样抗拉强度和屈服强度随SiC颗粒体积分数的增加而增加,但塑性降低.拉伸断口韧窝尺寸大小不一.高压扭转的SiCp/Al基复合材料断裂属于韧性断裂与脆性断裂混合模式,但随着SiC体积分数越小,材料断口的韧窝和撕裂棱越多,韧性断裂特征变得更为显著.     

无压浸渗制备SiC_p/Al复合材料的力学性能研究

采用无压浸渗法制备出不同SiC粒度组成和硅含量的SiCp/Al复合材料,并对其性能进行测试分析。研究结果表明:SiCp/Al-7Si复合材料硬度比SiCp/Al-12Si复合材料的低,但抗弯强度和断裂韧性比SiCp/Al-12Si复合材料的高,对不同SiCp/Al复合材料的力学性能的影响程度各不相同;粒径小的SiC颗粒有利于SiCp/Al复合材料的硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性的提高。当SiC粒度为W7,铝合金中Si含量(质量分数)为7%时,SiCp/Al复合材料的抗弯强度为502MPa、断裂韧性为7.1MPa·m1/2、硬度为66HRA。     

SiCp/Cu复合材料的SPS烧结及组织性能

以化学镀Cu包覆SiC粉末和高压氢还原法制备的Ni包SiC复合粉末为原料,用放电等离子体烧结法制备了SiCp/Cu复合材料.分析了增强相含量和烧结温度对致密化的影响,比较了非包覆粉末和包覆粉末制备的复合材料的界面结合状况.然后对SiCp/Cu复合材料的热膨胀行为和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明:包覆粉末能够促进材料的致密化并且能获得良好的界面结合,所得SiCp/Cu复合材料的致密度达96.7%,抗压强度达1061 MPa.SiCp/Cu复合材料的热膨胀系数介于7.5×10-6～11.4×10-6·K-1之间,并且随SiC体积分数的增加而降低.材料在热循环过程中出现热滞现象,热滞现象受增强相的含量及界面结合状况的影响.     

高硅铝合金及颗粒增强铝基复合材料组织性能的探究

采用真空热压烧结工艺制备Al-30Si合金、30%Sip/Al、30%SiCp/2024Al、30%SiCp/6061Al(均为体积分数)复合材料,测定其热膨胀系数及力学性能。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)对其微观组织结构及断口形貌进行表征,探究了高硅铝合金及颗粒增强铝基复合材料的组织与性能,分析了材料的断裂机制。结果表明:SiCp/2024Al复合材料中SiC颗粒分布均匀,组织致密,综合性能好,热膨胀系数(CTE)为13.69×10-6/K,硬度达到134 HB,极限抗拉强度达353 MPa。SiCp/6061Al复合材料中SiC颗粒分布较均匀,界面结合较好,组织不够致密,有少许孔隙,性能较好。SiCp/6061Al和SiCp/2024Al复合材料的断裂方式都是界面基体的撕裂结合SiC颗粒的断裂。Sip/Al复合材料中Si颗粒分布较均匀,断裂方式为界面脱开,性能较差。Al-30Si合金在烧结过程中形成大量板条状的Si相,性能最差,断裂方式以合金撕裂为主。     

Sr变质对铸造Al-Si-Mg合金组织与性能的影响

采用扫描电镜、拉伸试验机和激光导热仪,研究了Sr变质处理对Al-3.2Si-0.8Mg合金显微组织、铸造流动性、力学性能与导热系数的影响。结果表明,随着Al-10Sr合金添加量的增加,共晶Si逐渐细化,Al-3.2Si-0.8Mg合金的铸造流动性、抗拉强度、伸长率和导热系数逐渐提高。当Al-10Sr合金添加量为0.4%时,Al-3.2Si-0.8Mg合金的铸造流动性试样长度为922mm,抗拉强度和伸长率分别为243MPa和11.3%,导热系数为187.6W/(m·k),与未变质处理相比,Al-3.2Si-0.8Mg合金的铸造流动性提高了8.2%,抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高了3.8%和11.9%,导热系数提高了3.1%。     

碳化硅体积分数对SiCp/Al-30Si复合材料组织与性能的影响

采用真空热压烧结法制备SiC颗粒体积分数分别为20%、25%和30%的SiCp/Al-30Si复合材料。利用扫描电镜对复合材料的微观组织进行表征,并检测其力学性能及物理性能,运用Turner、Kerner理论模型对材料的热膨胀系数进行计算,分析碳化硅体积分数对SiCp/Al-30Si复合材料组织及性能的影响。研究结果表明:随SiC含量的增加,复合材料的组织中会出现SiC颗粒的团聚,使材料的致密度及抗拉强度下降,在50～100℃之间的热膨胀系数降低,其平均值与Kerner模型计算值很接近。     

Structure and heat treatment influence on the tensile properties of Al-Al2Cu eutectic composites

The room temperature tensile properties of AI-AI₂Cu unidirectionally solidified eutectic composites have been studied in relation to the associated structure and heat treatment. Two structures have been studied: lamellar and colony, and two structural conditions have been used: unidirectionally-solidified (US) (without any further heat treatment) and solutioned-and-aged (SA). The stress-strain curve consists of two zones: I—primary elastic, and II—secondary elastic, followed by the fracture of the composite. In the US condition the transition from zone I to zone II is gradual, but it is well-marked in the SA condition. The zone I composite Young’s modulus does not depend either on structure or heat treatment. The zone II tangent modulus for the US condition tends to be constant for lamellar structure but tends to decrease continuously for colony structure. For the SA condition the zone II is practically linear up to fracture and the tangent modulus does not dépend on structure. Both the fracture stress and fracture strain depend on lamellar spacing and heat treatment, and good reinforcement is obtained with the colony structure. Results are discussed in terms of the current theories of composite behavior.     

The tensile strength of 339 aluminum reinforced with kaowool fibers: A comparison of T5 and T6 heat treatments

This study compares the effects of T5 and T6 heat treatment on the tensile strengths of both KAOWOOL fiber reinforced and unreinforced 339 aluminum. The 339 Al-T6 is stronger than 339 Al-T5 (as expected), but for a KAOWOOL/339 Al composite, the T5 condition is substantially stronger than the T6. The controlling parameter is the strength of the aluminum dendrites, which in turn is proportional to the concentration of magnesium retained in the dendrites. In the T5 condition, more than half of the magnesium is in the form of large intermetallics in both the unreinforced alloy and the KAOWOOL/339 Al composite. During a T6 heat treatment, magnesium in the intermetallics is redissolved. In the unreinforced T6 alloy, this additional magnesium is retained in and strengthens the dendrites. But in the T6 composite, the magnesium segregates extensively to the KAOWOOL/aluminum interfaces depleting and softening the dendrites. This factor alone is sufficient to account for the low strength of the T6 composites. The tensile strengths of both the T5 and T6 composites correspond to the calculated values for a perfectly bonded system.     

Tensile properties of short fiber-reinforced SiC/Ai composites: Part I. effects of matrix precipitates

The tensile behavior of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with 8 and 20 pet SiC whiskers or paniculate was characterized. Two matrix alloys were employed, a solution-hardened Al-Mg alloy (5456) and a precipitation-hardened Al-Cu-Mg alloy (2124). The precipitation-hardened alloy was aged to develop a variety of precipitate microstructures. It was found that additions of SiC caused monotonie increases in the elastic modulus, 0.2 pct offset yield stress, work-hardening rate, and ultimate tensile stress. The proportional limit, however, was found to first decrease and then increase with SiC content. Whiskers caused a greater increase in the longitudinal elastic modulus than particles. For the 2124 alloy, it was found that the proportional limit could be varied between 60 and 650 MPa by changing the precipitate microstructure, while changes in the SiC content had much smaller effects. These observations are discussed in relation to current theories of the strengthening of short fiber composites, with primary emphasis being placed on the effects of SiC additions on the elastic modulus and the work-hardening rate.     

Correlation of tensile strength with fracture modes of KAOWOOL- and SAFFIL-reinforced 339 aluminum

The tensile strengths of composites of 339 aluminum reinforced with either SAFFIL or KAOWOOL fibers are compared over the temperature range of 20 °C to 300 °C. For this type of composite, in which the discontinuous fibers are randomly oriented, the fibers perpendicular to the applied stress play a critical role, which in turn creates a dependence upon the interfacial bond strength. The KAOWOOL fibers form a strong interfacial bond so that tensile failure occurs either in the matrix at 300 °C or by fiber cleavage at 20 °C. In the T5 condition, the SAFFIL interface is weaker than the matrix alloy so that failure occurs by delamination of the transverse fibers. Thus, although the SAFFIL fibers are 40 pct stronger than the KAOWOOL fibers, the T5 composites have the same ultimate tensile strengths. A T6 heat treatment promotes an interfacial reaction with magnesium. This strengthens the SAFFIL interface so that failure occurs primarily in the matrix, producing higher composite strengths. The reaction with the KAOWOOL fibers is so extensive that the matrix, and therefore the composite strength, is drastically decreased. When account is taken of the different fracture modes, together with the matrix strengths as determined by nanoindentation, the calculated values of composite strength are in good agreement with experiment.     

Correlation of tensile strength with fracture modes of KAOWOOL- and SAFFIL-reinforced 339 aluminum

The tensile strengths of composites of 339 aluminum reinforced with either SAFFIL or KAOWOOL fibers are compared over the temperature range of 20°C to 300°C. For this type of composite, in which the discontinuous fibers are randomly oriented, the fibers perpendicular to the applied stress play a critical role, which in turn creates a dependence upon the interfacial bond strength. The KAOWOOL fibers form a strong interfacial bond so that tensile failure occurs either in the matrix at 300 °C or by fiber cleavage at 20°C. In the T5 condition, the SAFFIL interface is weaker than the matrix alloy so that failure occurs by delamination of the transverse fibers. Thus, although the SAFFIL fibers are 40 pct stronger than the KAOWOOL fibers, the T5 composites have the same ultimate tensile strengths. A T6 heat treatment promotes an interfacial reaction with magnesium. This strengthens the SAFFIL interface so that failure occurs primarily in the matrix, producing higher composite strengths. The reaction with the KAOWOOL fibers is so extensive that the matrix, and therefore the composite strength, is drastically decreased. When account is taken of the different fracture modes, together with the matrix strengths as determined by nanoindentation, the calculated values of composite strength are in good agreement with experiment.     

Correlation of uniaxial yielding and substructure in aluminum-stainless steel composites

Stress-strain behavior and associated structural detail have been characterized in aluminum-stainless steel vacuum hot-pressed composites subjected to uniaxial tension or compression. Particular emphasis was placed on the premacroyield region. Volume fractions of reinforcement 0.041, 0.11, 0.153, 0.212, 0.248, and 0.328 have been examined with the load applied parallel to the direction of wire reinforcement. Dislocation configurations have been characterized as a function of overall composite strain, volume fraction of reinforcement, and distance into the matrix from the matrix-wire interface. In tensile loading, experimental values of the precision elastic limit, microyield stress (strain 2.5 x 10^-6) and macroyield stress (strain 1 x 10^-3) are in close agreement with values calculated from the rule of mixtures. Similar agreement is found in compression for the initial elastic modulus, however, the experimental precision elastic limit and microyield stress are higher than the calculated values by a factor ~2, and the macroyield stress is higher by a factor of 5 to 8. At a given level of strain and volume fraction of reinforcement, dislocation configurations, and dislocation densities are independent of distance from the matrix-wire interface. Alternatively, dislocation configurations and dislocation densities are essentially independent of volume fraction of reinforcement at a given level of strain. It is concluded that the matrix responds to its percentage of the applied stress as if it were the only phase present, there being no long-range matrix-wire interaction perturbing the matrix dislocation substructure. Compressive loading of composites in the direction of reinforcement constitutes a form of buckling test.     

Reinforcement of magnesium with boron and tantalum filaments

Composites of magnesium reinforced with continuous boron filaments (0.004 in. diam and 450 ksi tensile strength), and tantalum (0.010 in. diam and 78 ksi tensile strength) were fabricated by the infiltration technique. The tensile strength of the boron filament dropped to nearly half its original strength (230 ksi) as a result of exposure to molten magnesium. The tantalum filaments, however, maintained their original strength after infiltration. The stress-strain curves of B-Mg composites were of a typical brittle material. The elongation in each case approached that of the filament,i.e., about 0.35 pct. Ta-Mg composites failed essentially in ductile manner. The elongation of the composites with 0.4Vf was as high as 15.7 pct. The elastic modulus, tensile and yield strength, and fracture behavior of the two composite systems are discussed.     

Creep behavior of nickel-copper laminate composites with controlled composition gradients

The tensile creep behavior of a series of nickel-copper laminate composites, in which the composition gradients between the 20-μm. m layers were controlled by heat treatment, was evaluated at 500 °C. With annealing, the high-temperature creep resistance increased due to the direct effects of solid solution strengthening within the layers. The results correlated to predictions based on a composite model which approximated the continuous composition gradients as a series of discrete compositional zones. I. D. CHOI, formerly Graduate Research Assistant, Colorado School of Mines.     

Mo对TiC/316L不锈钢复合材料组织和性能的影响

为了提高TiC/316L不锈钢复合材料的力学性能,在TiC/316L复合粉末中添加不同质量分数的Mo元素,采用粉末冶金法制备TiC/316L不锈钢复合材料.通过对复合材料的显微组织分析,拉伸、摩擦磨损等力学性能的测试,研究Mo含量对复合材料的组织和性能的影响.结果表明,Mo的添加有利于复合材料的组织均匀化,从而提高复合...