氧化钼块的热态压制

研究了氧化钼块热态压制。以三氧化钼为主成分在反射炉中取出焙烧末期６８０℃的钼焙砂，置于预热温度为２００℃的耐火砖面上，迅速轻压上２００℃的耐火砖和砝码，得到氧化钼饼块；用马弗炉加热钼焙砂，用内＝３９ｍｍ短丝作阴模，外＝３８ｍｍ拉丝模作下模，０．９ｋｇ手锤作上模，配用２５ｋｇ砝码作试验，将上模和下模加热到４００℃，钼焙砂加热到７２０℃，压块坚实。     

提高钼铁生产指标的实践探索

分析了钼焙砂品位与铝耗之间的关系，指出钼焙砂品位是影响铝耗的主要因素；介绍了用铁矿粉代替铁鳞的可行性与必要性，进口矿与国内矿合理搭配使用，以及ＭｏＯ２６对提高冶炼回收率的益处。     

冶炼钼铁用氧化钼的焙烧方法探讨

介绍了钼精矿氧化焙烧过程中添加氧化铁进行高温混合堆积的工艺方法，将含有一定量的二氧化钼焙砂用于钼铁生产，钼回收率提高1-2％．     

钼精矿、钼焙砂中钴、镍、镁、铜、钙的连续测定

在硝酸-高氯酸介质中，采用原子吸收光谱法连续测定钼精矿、钼焙砂中杂质元素。在选定的最佳工作条件下测定钴、镍、镁、铜、钙，回收率为95．0-106．4％，相对偏差为1.3-5.8％。该法准确、快速、简便，应用于钼精矿、钼焙砂中钴、镍、镁、铜、钙的测定，结果满意。     

钼镍矿强化浸出试验研究

研究了采用氧化焙烧—浓硫酸强化浸出工艺从钼镍矿中回收钼和镍。试验结果表明:钼镍矿氧化焙烧最佳温度为700℃,最佳焙烧时间2h;氧化焙砂在V(浓硫酸)/m(焙砂)=2mL/g、温度150℃条件下浸出3h,钼、镍浸出率分别为96.4%和85.6%。     

回转窑焙烧钼精矿结圈的形成及消除

我国钼业的迅速发展,使钼精矿焙烧的新设备、新工艺、新方法日益增多,以满足不同用途及生产规模的需要。用回转窑焙烧钼精矿,长期以来焙砂含S量大于0.15％,因此使焙砂的广泛应用受到了限制。我厂通过二年来的生产实践,成功地把焙砂含S控制在0.1％以下,满足了冶炼钼铁的需要。现就回转窑焙烧钼精矿时结圈的形成及消除,谈一些看法。     

萃取法从钼、铼溶液中回收铼

用N235作萃取剂，采用萃取法从钼焙砂制备高纯钼酸盐的酸洗母液中提取钼的副产品铼。此法操作简便，选择性强，易实现机械化和自动化的工业生产。     

一种钼精矿焙烧的方法

正本发明涉及一种钼精矿焙烧的方法,钼精矿配入一定量的硫酸钠后制球焙烧,焙砂进行碱浸,钼浸出液离子交换吸附后液结晶得到的硫酸钠返回作为钼精矿焙烧添加剂,利用结晶后液进行钼精矿制球。采用该方法,可大大降低钼焙砂碱浸的药剂用量,大大降低生产成本;而且可充分利用提钼工艺流程中     

从含钼和铼的原料中提取钼和铼的方法

发明摘要从含钼和铼的原料中提取有价钼和铼的方法,包括用生石灰(CaO)一类的钙化合物焙烧这种原料,生产出含钼钙 CaMo O_4和高铼酸钙Ca(ReO_4)_2的焙砂·这种焙砂用 PH值为1·0或1·0以下的酸浸出,形成的溶液含有被溶解的有价钼和铼.或者,用水浸出这种钙焙砂·形成的矿浆再有酸浸出.浸出溶液经过过滤和洗涤,去掉不溶     

钼精矿焙烧工艺与钼焙砂后续加工的探讨

阐述了钼精矿焙烧工艺对生产作业和产品特性的影响 ,并着重探讨了焙烧工艺与钼焙砂后续加工的关系     

Nature of the curves of the cranial vault and their relationship with various brain structures

A radiometric investigation for various angles of two dry craniums and of the encephalographic or cerebral arteriographic pictures of 250 subjects has revealed the following facts: The architectural lines of the dome of the skull found by orthogonal projection of the profile, from the front, and in vertical projection, are hyperbolic spirals starting from the base of the skull and converging on the sphenoid. These lines join up in the parietal region forming a hyperbole. The frontal spiral is a simple hyperbolic spiral. The temporal spiral is of the lituus type. The axes of these lines converge in a frontal plane on the epiphysis. The axis of the parietal hyperbole on a projection of the profile passes through the epiphysis and is followed by the parietal artery. Central cranio-encephalic formations follow the same spiral path. The contour of the upper edge of the cerebellum is a lituus spiral. The outline of the lower part of the cerebellum is a simple hyperbolic spiral. The right side of the polar origins of a spiral plotted in the plane of the insula coincides with the right side of the opercula. It can always be plotted, in theory, and forms an angle of 22 degrees 30' with the right side of the median frontal spiral. It cuts the axis of the parietal hyperbole at the apex of the insular triange. The bissector of the angle formed by the two right sides of the polar origins bissects the axis of the parietal hyperbole at a point corresponding to the epiphysis. The temporal hyperbolic lituus spiral has its focal point under the anterior, clinoid, at the junction of the segments CII and CIII of the carotid siphon the curve of which follows the convolutions of the temporal spiral. The right side of the polar origins of this curve indicates the mean direction of the posterior cerebral. The contours of the corpus callosum are homothetic with those of the dome of the skull as far as the axis of the parietal hyperbole. The frontal and parietal curves converge according to four types in the main Pacchionian granulations. The sections of the frontal spiral are often marked by bone abnormalities on the internal table. This analytic test is invariably valid whatever the constants of the spirals or the eccentricities of the hyperboles. Combinations between spirals with different constants and hyperboles of various eccentricities amount to very many types which call for separate study.     

The mechanism of the excitatory action of catecholamines and histamine on the smooth muscle of guinea-pig ureter

1. The ionic mechanism of the excitatory action of catecholamines and histamine on the smooth muscle cells of guinea-pig ureter was studied with the double sucrose-gap method. 2. In normal conditions adrenaline and noradrenaline in a concentration of 10(-5) g/ml., and histamine in a concentration of 10(-6) g/ml., prolonged the duration of the plateau of the action potential and increased the amplitude and duration of the phasic contraction. Sometimes these changes were accompanied by a slight depolarization of the muscle membrane and by a small increase (with noradrenaline) or decrease (with histamine) of the membrane resistance. The amplitude and duration of the fast spike component of the action potential were not changed. 3. Isoprenaline in a concentration of 10(-5) g/ml. either caused no change or it decreased the duration of the plateau, reduced the amplitude of contractions and reduced excitability. 4. Tetraethyl ammonium (TEA; 5 mM), which blocks the delayed outward K current, did not prevent the increase in the duration of the plateau nor the increase of the amplitude and duration of the contractions by noradrenaline and histamine. 5. In Na-free or in K-free solution or in the presence of ouabain, i.e. in conditions in which the Na-gradient across the membrane was reduced, noradrenaline and histamine were unable to increase the duration of the plateau and the amplitude and duration of the contraction. 6. In the presence of Mn2+ (2 mM) which suppressed the spike component of tha action potential and the phasic contraction, theeffects of noradrenaline and histamine were almost abolished. 7. The results suggest a dual ionic mechanism of the alpha-action of catecholamines and of the action of histamine on the smooth muscle of ureter: (1) these drugs affect the passive ionic permeability of the membrane in a manner that results in depolarization; (2) they specifically activate the potential-dependent conductance of the slow Na channels, thereby increasing the plateau duration. The increased amplitude and duration of the contraction is the result of their primary effect on the plateau of the action potential.     

Distribution of the interstitial cells of Cajal in the human anorectum

The interstitial cells of Cajal are proposed to have a role in the control of gut motility. The aim of this study was to establish the distribution of interstitial cells of Cajal in the wall of the normal human anorectum. Interstitial cells of Cajal express the proto-oncogene c-kit. Interstitial cells of Cajal were identified in the colon by immunohistochemical staining, using a rabbit polyclonal anti-c-kit antibody. Anorectal tissue was obtained at surgical resection for carcinoma of the colorectum. Density of interstitial cells of Cajal was graded. Statistical analysis was performed using chi2 tests. In the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the rectum interstitial cells of Cajal were seen in the bulk of the muscle layer. In the intermuscular plane interstitial cells of Cajal encased the myenteric plexus. Interstitial cells of Cajal were found at the inner margin of the circular muscle and in association with neural elements of the submuscular plexus. Within the internal anal sphincter interstitial cells of Cajal were infrequently scattered among the muscle fibres. The density of interstitial cells of Cajal in the internal anal sphincter was significantly lower than that observed in the circular muscle layer of the rectum (P = 0.014). In conclusion, interstitial cells of Cajal are evenly distributed in the layers of the muscularis propria of the rectum, but have a lower density in the internal anal sphincter.     

The sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport of the cell membrane

Discovery and active exploration of the furosemid-sensitive derived-active co-transport of sodium-potassium-chlorine ions took place in the end of 1970-es-1980-es. This transportation mechanism was discovered in various types of cells, both of plant and of animal origin. This review describes properties of the transportation process, which was most comprehensive explored in experiments with erythrocytes, epithelium cells and muscles. The review covers the following properties: anion and cation selectivity of the chlorine transportation, its sensitivity to the specific blocking agents (furocemid, bumetanid, etc.), stoichiometry of the transportation process, etc. For energy source, the chlorine transportation is based on transmembrane electrochemical gradient for sodium ions. The article provides the most recent results of investigation of the chemical nature of the molecule of the chlorine membrane transport. Based on various studies, the molecule of this protein weighs from 120 to 200 kD, includes about 1200 amino acid residua, and forms long cytoplasmatic NH2 and COOH-termini. The gene encoding the amino acid sequence has been cloned. The article discusses the issues of regulation of the chlorine transportation. Humoral control of intensity of the chlorine transportation has been mostly studied in experiments with plain muscles, the issues related to nervous regulation--with only skeleton muscle fibers. The article provides specific data on the mechanisms of the above types of the physiological regulation of active chlorine transportation. In general, the humoral factors, which increase the intracellular concentration of cAMF stimulate chlorine transportation. On the contrary, the hormones, which increase concentration of cGMF in cytoplasm reduce its activity in plain muscles. The discussion of the mechanisms of the nervous controls of the chlorine transportation in the skeleton muscles includes the original results of the author. These results indicate that the suppressive influence of the motor innervation on intensity of the chlorine transportation involves the non-quantum acetilcholine and glutamate secreted from the motor nerves. These agents produce Ca(2+)-dependent molecules of nitrogen oxide in sarcoplasm, which act in the retrograde mode on the nervous terminal and activate there the synthesis of cGMF. Disruption of this bilateral transsynaptic signalization resulting from cutting a nerve of blocking of its axoflow creates more active chlorine transportation and subsequent de-innervation changes in properties of the muscle fibers. The functions of chlorine transportation, which are best studies as of today and therefore, discussed in more detail in the review, include participation of this process in the regulatory rehabilitation of the volume of various cells in non-isotonic medium, and the role of chlorine transportation in development of a negative charge at the interior side of membrane of the skeleton muscle fibers. The former function essentially means that dehydration of a cell in the hypertonic medium increases activity of the sodium, potassium and chlorine co-transport directed to the cell, resulting in increase of the amount of the osmosis-active cytoplasm material, and inflow of water, which fully restores the cell volume in these conditions. Starting from the pioneer studies by Hodgkin and Horowicz [correction of Hojkin and Gorovits], the role of chlorine ions in forming a charge on the membrane of excited cells has been generally interpreted as exclusively passive. I.e., distribution of these ions over both sides of membrane was assumed as equilibrium with the existing values of the membrane potential in the non-excited state. The review provides data obtained in the recent decade, which have proved that the non-excited membrane potential in muscle fibers is co-created by the diffusional potassium and chlorine potential. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)     

The scientific development in dermatology in Germany in relation to the emigration of Jewish dermatologists during national socialism

The anti-semitic laws let to the persecution of the Jews in Germany during the time of National Socialism. About 600 Jewish dermatologists had to suffer from the prohibition of their profession. 63% of them left Germany. The emigrants mainly preferred to move out to the U.S. The policy of coordination and elimination of the National Socialists led to the reappointment of dermatological chairs in universities. The National Socialists also forced the change in the boards of dermatological societies and the change of the editorial boards of dermatological journals. All papers of the three leading dermatological journals were analysed for the evaluation of the development of science. The assessment included the number of articles, the origin of the authors and the contents of articles (research, clinics, diagnostic, therapy). From 1933 to 1945 the number of papers per year decreased consequently, especially during the Second World War. During the whole time the number of German authors increased and the number of abroad living authors decreased. There was a very good and interesting international exchange of information in the journal "Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilis". The activity reduced clearly after the beginning of the Second World War in 1939. The analysis of contents resulted in a reduction of basis science research and an orientation to the clinical research. Papers about therapeutical possibilities were always published. The emigration of Jewish dermatologists led to a continuous reduction of scientific activities and to an extensive international isolation.     

Peculiarities of cosmonauts fauces flora]

In the course of the work done the specific and quantitative composition of the streptococcal autoflora of the fauces of the cosmonauts and the members of backup drew was investigated. In populations of isolated microorganisms the non-pathogenic streptococci have dominated among which S. salivarius prevailed. The same species has constantly been isolated in all the cosmonauts, pre- and postflight. Observation of the microflora state of the fauces at different stages of their professional activity made it possible to reveal the peculiarities of an individual dynamics in the number of nonpathogenic streptococci isolated from tampon depending on the participation of the test-subjects in the previous space missions. This is evidently a reflection of the effect of psychoemotional tension on the state of colonization resistance (CR) of the fauces mucosa and, as result of this, on its microflora. In turn, the occurrence of the individual species of conditionally-pathogenic streptococci after the mission points to a decrease in the CR under effect of unfavourable factors of space mission.     

Metal structures of blast furnaces

This article describes several types of support systems for the load-bearing structures of blast furnaces and their auxiliary equipment. A detailed discussion is presented of systems of the Czechoslovakian type. The lower part of such systems consists of a three-dimensional framework resting on four columns having a certain modulus. Supporting beams are located at the level of the casting platform and are suspended from other beams installed above the bustle pipe. One important advantage of this furnace design is that the combined weight of the auxiliary equipment and the load-bearing structures is divided between the four-column system and the furnace proper. This is convenient from a static viewpoint and significantly reduces the loads on the structure. One advantage of the proposed type of load-bearing system is that the weight of the furnace and the auxiliary equipment is evenly distributed over the entire area of the foundation slab. The proposed system can be used on all types of furnaces. Another advantage of the Czech system is that it affords safe access to the equipment located in the bottom part of the furnace. During the reconstruction of blast furnaces, the upper part of the furnace can be suspended on the four-column system while the bottom of the furnace is being replaced. __________ Translated from Metallurg, No. 7, pp. 54–56, July, 2006.     

戈塘金矿房柱法开采围岩稳定性分析

戈塘金矿矿体厚度变化较大,地质条件复杂。为科学设计井下采场参数,分析采空区顶板的破坏机理及矿柱的承载机理,指导矿山安全生产,以戈塘金矿为研究对象,设计了采场参数,分析了采场围岩稳定性。通过理论计算,采用房柱法开采时,推荐矿柱尺寸为3 m×3 m,矿房跨度不超过10 m;利用有限元软件Phase2对留设不同宽高比的矿柱时采场围岩的稳定性进行了数值模拟分析。结果显示:矿柱内部出现应力集中,采空区顶底板、岩帮为应力降低区域;随着矿柱宽高比的增大,采空区边界附近的应力水平和位移降低,矿柱内应力集中得到缓解,变形量降低。综合分析认为,矿柱宽高比对采场围岩稳定性有一定影响,保持矿柱宽高比约为0.500,可以较好地维持采场稳定。     

Pathologichohistological skin changes in red-backed mice parasitized by larvae of the trombiculid mite, Neotromibcula pomeranzevi (Trombiculidae)

During the feeding of N. pomeranzevi larvae on their natural hosgs, large-toothed redbacked voles (Clethronomys rufocanues Sandev.), in the skin of the latter are formed tubular structures or stylosomes characteristic of all trombiculids. During the formation of the stylosome the saliva of the mites and the interstitial fluid of the host are supposed to interact. The walls of the stylosome consist of two layers, are homogenous and do not include cellular elements. Around the stylosomes are formed the foci of necrosis and destruction of tissues. Behind the distal ends of the stylosomes are observed light interstitial cavities, which of then contain a great number of cellula relements of lymphoid and epithelioid nature. These cavities serve apparently as a reservoir of nutritive substratum for larvae. The feeding of trombiculids is accompanied by a reactive response of the connective tissue, the hyperemy of the superficial capillaries and the cellular infiltration of the affected area. The mass parasitism of larvae causes the ulceration of the host's skin and on its surface appear crusts from necrotic tissues.     

Dermomyotomal origin of the ribs as revealed by extirpation and transplantation experiments in chick and quail embryos

To elucidate role of the dermomyotome in the formation of the axial skeleton, we performed extirpation and transplantation experiments on the dermomyotomes in chick and quail embryos. When the thoracic dermomyotomes of chick embryos were removed, the intercostal muscles and the distal ribs were deficient, while the proximal ribs were more or less normal. Quail tissues including the dermomyotome, the ectoderm and the medial edge of lateral plate, were transplanted to replace chick dermomyotomes. In these chimeras, the ribs, which would be deficient without the back-transplantation, were recovered. The cells of the recovered part of the ribs as well as the intercostal muscles were derived from the quail transplants. These findings suggest that the distal rib originated from the dermomyotomes and not the sclerotome as previously believed. To localize the origin of the distal rib further, we removed restricted regions of the dermomyotomes along the mediolateral and the rostrocaudal axis. The more lateral the part of the dermomyotomes that we removed, the more distal the part of the ribs affected. On the contrary, when the rostral and caudal edges of the dermomyotomes were removed, only the vertebral ribs showed extensive deficiencies while removal of the middle part between the edges caused less deficiency. The sternal ribs were not deficient in either case, but were extensively affected when the entire lateral edge of dermomyotomes was included in the region removed. We conclude that the lateral edges of the dermomyotomes are the primordia of the sternal ribs, and the rostral and/or caudal edges of the medial part of dermomyotomes are the primordia of the distal part and not of the proximal part of the vertebral ribs.