采用国际标准 推动微合金钢发展

本文介绍了我国低合金高强度钢标准的演变和发展过程，从１９５９年首次制订标准到现在，经过五次修订，每次修订的主要变化情况；重点讲述了新标准ＧＢ１５ ９１－９４。     

超细晶粒38SiMnVB弹簧钢的控制轧制

高强韧性弹簧钢 38SiMnVB(% :0.39C ,1.48Mn ,1.21Si ,0.09V ,0.0019B)经750～820℃温度精轧 ,终轧温度700～720℃轧后缓冷 ,控制轧制后得到的组织为珠光体 +铁素体 ,晶粒度≥ 10级 ,HRC硬度值26 ,抗拉强度 925～1010 MPa ,延伸率45 %～58% ,可以直接进行冷拔。经控制轧制的轿车弹簧用超细晶粒38SiMnVB弹簧钢经 870℃淬火 ,320℃回火后具有极好的综合力学性能 :抗拉强度 2030～2140 MPa ,屈服强度1900～2010 MPa ,延伸率12 %～15 % ,断面收缩率48%～55 %。     

含铌微合金钢中铌的析出行为对晶粒细化的影响

通过对微合金钢14MnNbq钢板进行模拟控轧控冷试验，利用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、电化学萃取相分析等检测分析技术和手段，研究了Nb及其碳氮化物在控制轧制和控制冷却各阶段的析出行为及其对钢材微观组织的影响。指出在微合金钢中，由于微合金元素的加入，从而使抑制晶粒长大的方法得以实现，并成为微合金钢中最重要的晶粒细化方法之一。     

VN微合金钢中Ti脱氧夹杂物诱导晶内铁素体析出行为

通过热力学计算及热态实验,研究了Ti脱氧VN微合金钢中,含Ti夹杂物析出行为及其诱导晶内铁素体析出行为.结果发现,夹杂物与铁素体、珠光体之间的相对位置关系存在六种形式,通过赋予这些形式不同的诱导能力系数,定量比较夹杂物类型、尺寸与诱导能力的关系.Ti的复合氧化物诱导能力最强,Al₂O₃最弱.Ti的复合氧化物诱导最佳尺寸4～6μm,其他夹杂物最佳尺寸为2～4μm.通过控制夹杂物种类、尺寸促进晶内铁素体析出,能够细化晶粒.     

借鉴世界先进经验,加速微合金钢的发展

综合两个国际学术会议伯几篇重要文献，阐述了国际上微合金钢的发展趋势，介绍了微合金高性能多的钢种设计及其生产工艺新概念，着重讲述了微合金化钢板带材的生产工艺新进展以及发展中国家实现微合金化，加速钢铁工业改造的范例，期望对我国钢铁工业的进步有所启迪。     

多元微合金钢中的应变诱导复合析出

采用透射电子显微镜结合纳米束能谱技术,研究了含Nb,Ti,Mo等多种微合金元素的超低碳贝氏体钢在奥氏体非冉结晶区终轧后弛豫阶段的应变诱导析出行为.实验结果表明:经30%预变形后,在850℃和900℃等温弛豫时,钢中析出开始主要有纯Nb及Nb-Ti复合的两类,以后者为主.随弛豫时间延长,纯Nb型析出物消失,复合夹杂中铌钛比增加.弛豫阶段后期,Mo会以置换原子形式进入(Ti,Nb)(C,N)的面心立方晶格中,其量随弛豫时间的延长而增加.析出物形状以不规则外形为主,其密度及平均尺寸与变形温度和弛豫时间密切相关.     

谈微合金化钢的控轧控冷技术

通过查阅大量参考文献,主要综述了控轧控冷技术的原理、特点及控制要素,并分析了控轧控冷对微合金钢的组织与性能的影响。     

Structural Ultrafine Grained Steels Obtained by Advanced Controlled Rolling

Steels with ultrafine grains (lower than 5 μm), which usually known as ultrafine ferrite or ultrafine grained materials, are presently the object of intense research, because of the improvement in resistance and fracture toughness they may reach compared to conventional steels (with grain sizes above this value). It is shown that the forenamed steels designated in the Euronorm EN 10149-2, which are manufactured by advanced techniques of controlled rolling and mainly used in automotive industry, have an ultrafine grain size in the range of 2.5 to 3.5 μm, and with elastic yield stresses higher than 400 MPa. Based on the Morrison-Miller criterion, it is shown that values of the strain-hardening coefficient lower than 0.08 would make the industrial application of these steels unfeasible.     

20MnSi钢控轧控冷对钢材性能影响的研究

通过对20MnSi钢控轧控冷工艺的研究,得出采用合理的控轧工艺及轧后对终轧温度、冷却速度、终冷温度的合理调节及控制,对钢材的性能产生影响,来提高钢材的强度、硬度、韧性,降低脆性。根据对试验数据的分析,制定出合理的控轧控冷工艺制度。     

Effect of Hot Torsion Parameters on Development of Ultrafine Ferrite Grains in Microalloyed Steel

 Hot torsion testing was performed on a low carbon Nb-Ti microalloyed steel to study the effects of hot torsion parameters, strain and strain rate, on ultrafine ferrite grains production through dynamic strain-induced transformation, at a deformation temperature just above Ar3. The initiation and evolution of ultrafine ferrite grains were studied. The results show that the amount of strain and strain rate has conversely effect on the volume fraction and grain size of ultrafine ferrite grains. With increasing strain, the interior of austenite grains become activated as nucleation sites for fine ferrite grains. As a result, ferrite grains continuously nucleate not only at the former austenite grain boundaries but also inside the austenite grains which leads to a rapid increase in volume fraction of ultrafine grains. Increasing of strain rate reduces the tendency of ferrite grains coarsening so that ultrafine ferrite grains are achieved, while the volume fraction of ultrafine grains decreases at the same strain level.     

Ultrafine Grained HSLA Steels for Cold Forming

 This research shows, through the analysis of three steels that comply with the EN 10149-2 Euronorm, examples of ultrafine grained (or ultrafine ferrite) ferrous alloys, with ASTM grain sizes close to 14 (2 3 m). These steels are microalloyed with Ti-Nb and have been produced by advanced hot rolling controlled techniques in the factories of ArcelorMittal de Avilés (Asturias, Spain) and are mostly used in automotive and construction applications. By comparison, other techniques to obtain ultrafine grained steels are mentioned, though they have not yet reached the industrial level and are produced in laboratories due to the fact that their mechanical properties (low strain hardening coefficient "n") don't allow cold working operations such as bending, stretching nor drawing.     

Austenite Recrystallization and Controlled Rolling of Low Carbon Steels

The dynamic recrystallization and static recrystallization in a low carbon steel were investigated through single-pass and double-pass experiments. The results indicate that as the deformation temperature increases and the strain rate decreases, the shape of the stress-strain curve is changed from dynamic recovery shape to dynamic recrystallization shape. The austenite could not recrystallize within a few seconds after deformation at temperature below 900 ℃. According to the change in microstructure during deformation, the controlled rolling of low carbon steel can be divided into four stages： dynamic recrystallization, dynamic recovery, strain-induced ferrite transformation, and rolling in two-phase region. According to the microstructure after deformation, the controlled rolling of low carbon steel can be divided into five regions： non-recrystallized austenite, partly-recrystallized austenite, fully-recrystallized austenite, austenite to ferrite transformation, and dual phase.     

控制轧制和控制冷却技术的新发展

阐述了控轧控冷工艺的机理和工艺特点，介绍了为改善板形而开发的分开的冷却和润滑系统以及动态轧翻工艺、GCr15轴承钢控轧新工艺的热模拟实验结果和低碳贝氏体钢的新发展。指出应积极消化吸收先进的控轧控冷工艺，研制开发出高强、高韧性钢板。     

低碳微合金钢中的晶内铁素体及组织控制

回顾和评述了晶内铁素体的发现、发展及其与组织控制的关系.介绍了晶内铁素体的形核机制和影响晶内铁素体形成的因素,讨论了晶内铁素体的三维形态和长大动力学,并从以上几方面分析了晶内铁素体对低碳微合金钢组织细化的重要作用和影响.     

控轧控冷工艺对X70钢板组织及性能的影响

通过研究控轧控冷工艺参数变化对X70钢板组织及性能的影响,优化精轧的开轧温度、终轧温度及ACC快速冷却等参数对X70管线钢的微观组织结构和性能的影响。结果表明,工艺优化后,X70管线钢得到以针状铁素体为主的均匀细化的理想组织和优良性能。     

Improvement of Grain Size and Dome Height of Microalloyed Steels Using Taguchi Method Based on Grey Relational Grade in Controlled Rolling

An efficient approach was introduced for improving the condition of major controlled rolling process parameters of roughing, finishing and coiling temperatures and optimizing these parameters to obtain minimum grain size and maximum dome height simultaneously. Taguchi method combined with grey relational analysis was applied to achieve optimum grain size and dome height during controlled rolling process. For this purpose, four levels for the above temperatures were chosen and sixteen experiments were conducted based on orthogonal array of Taguchi method. Based on Taguchi approach, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios were calculated and used in order to obtain the optimum levels for every input parameter. Analysis of variance revealed that finishing and coiling temperatures have the maximum effect on the grain size and dome height of microalloyed steels. The confirmation tests with the optimal levels of parameters indicated that the grain size and dome height of controlled rolled microalloyed steels can be improved effectively through this approach.