钛合金材料在船舶材料上的应用与发展

本文简介钛合金材料的性能、国内外钛合金材料在舰船上的应用概况,制约钛合金应用发展的因素,并论述我国舰船钛合金研究和发展的方向。     

医用钛合金的研究及应用现状

综述了医用钛合金的发展历史,重点介绍了国内外新型医用β钛合金的研发现状,以及钛合金作为骨与关节替代物、牙科植入物、颅骨修复植入物、心血管修复材料等在临床治疗中的应用情况。指出,我国在医用钛合金的开发与应用中存在研究起步较晚,整体水平不高,相关产业基础薄弱,缺乏精细和深加工产品等问题。今后,我国不仅要大力开发低弹性模量的新型医用β钛合金,还要加快医用钛合金植入件的产业化发展,从而促进医用钛合金的应用。     

装甲钛合金的研究与应用现状

综述了国内外装甲钛合金的研究现状,主要论述了抗弹性能及抗毁伤机理、附加装甲结构单元技术、应用基础研究等;介绍了抗弹性能考核评价及板材验收规范,主要包括抗弹性能考核评价方法、抗弹性能指标体系建立、板材验收标准制定情况等。通过对装甲钛合金应用现状和发展趋势的分析,加深人们对装甲钛合金材料和应用技术的理解,推动装甲钛合金材料的工程化应用。在进一步论述装甲钛合金应用现状的基础上,提出了未来装甲钛合金研究发展趋势。     

钛合金在飞机上的应用

钛合金以其比强度高、 耐腐蚀性好等特点在航空航天领域得到了广泛的应用.本文综述了钛合金在世界航空业应用的发展过程及现状,介绍了几种典型的钛合金(α型合金、 β型合金和α+β型合金),评述了钛合金在机身和发动机上的应用情况,并对钛合金未来的发展作了展望.     

钛合金在航空航天及武器装备领域的应用与发展

新型轻质结构材料对发展航空航天及国防高新技术武器装备有重要作用。作为新型轻质金属结构材料的钛合金,凭借其优异的综合性能,已在航空航天及武器装备领域获得普遍应用。介绍了钛合金的综合材料特性,重点分析了钛合金在航空航天及武器装备领域的应用现状,依次列举了钛合金在飞机、太空、武器装备领域的应用状况。针对近期国内外钛合金研发的现状,对钛合金的发展趋势进行了深入探讨,并预测未来钛合金在航空航天及武器装备领域的应用必然呈稳步增长态势。     

钛合金文献综述（续）

钛合金以其比强度高、耐腐蚀性好等特点在航空航天、医药和化工领域得到了广泛的应用。本文对金属钛和生产钛合金的原料及其热处理等方面的基本知识进行了简要介绍,主要介绍了钛合金在航空航天、医药和其他领域的应用。其中,着重对航空航天中应用最广泛的高强、高温、阻燃和损伤容限四个种类的钛合金的研究和应用现状进行了分析,并提出了钛合金的发展方向。     

钛合金文献综述

钛合金以其比强度高、耐腐蚀性好等特点在航空天、医药和化工领域得到了广泛的应用。本文对金属钛和生产钛合金的原料及其热处理等方面的基本知识进行了简要介绍,主要介绍了钛合金在航空航大、医药和其他领域的应用。其中,着重对航空航天中应用最广泛的高强、高温、阻燃和损伤容限四个种类的钛合金的研究和应用现状进行了分析,并提出了钛合金的发展方向。     

钛合金在舰船上的应用

钛合金具有质量轻、比强度高、耐海水腐蚀、无磁性等特点，在舰船上应用相当广泛．本文介绍了钛合金作为造船材料的优点以及钛合金在舰船上的应用．     

β钛合金的研究进展

本文介绍了β钛合金的分类、在生物医学和航空航天领域的发展历史、应用范围,以及其应用前景和发展方向.由于生物医用材料拥有巨大的市场潜力,而高强钛合金和阻燃钛合金也成为近几年世界各航空大国关注的重要问题,所以β钛合金的应用具有广阔的前景.     

低成本高性能钛合金研究进展

基于钛合金材料在新一代航空航天飞行器上大量使用,以满足减重、延长寿命的设计和使用要求,因此钛合金低成本化以及钛合金材料成形的低成本化已成为国内外钛工业领域研究的重要方向。发展具有我国自主知识产权的航空用高性能低成本钛合金材料及其加工技术,是提高我国钛合金材料在航空领域用量和应用水平的重要途径。介绍了国内外主要钛合金生产国一些低成本钛合金的研发背景、典型力学性能以及实际应用情况,指出了降低航空用高性能钛合金材料的发展思路。     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.     

材料科学技术转型发展与钢铁创新基础设施的建设

摘要：在第4次工业革命浪潮的推动下,钢铁科学与技术正在经历数字化、智能化转型。钢铁行业全流程各工序均为“黑箱”,为多场、多相、多变的巨系统,具有复杂相关关系和遗传效应等。这些不确定性带来了巨大的挑战。挑战和机遇并存。这些不确定性提供了智能化和数字化技术的应用场景资源;钢铁行业极为丰富的大数据提供了挖掘其中蕴含客观规律的数据资源;现代的数据科学、智能技术为解决不确定性问题提供了强大的手段。以数据为中心,以工业互联网为载体,以实验工具、数字数据、计算工具为支撑,建设钢铁企业材料创新基础设施,将可以大幅度提高研发效率,降低研发成本,有力地支撑钢铁材料科学与技术的转型发展。实验工具平台除了传统的实验室仪器装备和中试装备之外,实际生产线被作为主要的实验工具。这些实验工具提供丰富、精准、写实的历史数据和现实生产数据,特别是生产线装备提供实际生产大数据,蕴含着生产过程中的全部规律,是极宝贵的数据资源。利用机器学习、深度学习等现代数据挖掘技术为计算工具,对这些数据资源进行处理、分析、计算,将数据转换为高保真度模型,可以得到具有“原位分析能力”的数字孪生。在工业互联网的总体架构下,以数字孪生为核心,组成信息物理系统,构建起基于数据自动流动的状态感知、实时分析、科学决策、精准执行的闭环赋能体系,解决生产制造、应用服务过程中的复杂性和不确定性问题,提高资源配置效率,实现资源优化,对材料行业转型发展提供关键技术支撑。虚实映射、实时交互、精准控制的信息物理系统与材料创新基础设施合二为一,以材料创新基础设施为基盘,形成具有“原位分析能力”的数字孪生,建设钢铁生产全流程、一体化的信息物理系统,必将推进钢铁行业智能制造蓬勃开展和数字化、智能化转型。     

Daydreaming and curiosity in gifted and average children and adolescents.

307 gifted (CA 10–16 yrs; mean IQ 138.8) and 192 age-matched average Ss (IQ 100.8) completed the Imaginal Processes Inventory, the Children's Reactive Curiosity Scale, and the Academic Curiosity Scale. Demographic and IQ data were obtained from Ss' school records. Factor analysis of the data resulted in factors indicative of individual difference dimensions in daydreaming content and curiosity independent of demographic and IQ factors. Analyses of factor scores by grade level revealed decreasing linear trends over grade on the Guilt and Fear of Failure Daydreaming factor in both groups. Increasing trends over grade level were found for the Curiosity and Positive-Constructive Daydreaming factors in the gifted group. Average Ss showed a developmental decline in curiosity. Compared to average Ss, gifted Ss had higher Curiosity factor scores, lower Guilt and Fear of Failure Daydreaming scores, and higher scores on the Intelligence and Family Enrichment factor. The validity of the distinction between intellectual power and intellectual styles and the development of intellectual styles are discussed. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Intralesional and topical chemotherapy and immunotherapy

This article covers the principles and applications of radiation therapy in horses. The goal in treating tumors by irradiation is tumor control with minimum treatment complications. Various treatment techniques are available to achieve this goal. The prognosis depends on many factors such as the extent and location of the tumor, tumor type and tumor cell proliferation. Radiation therapy is a very effective treatment modality for equine tumors but logistical reasons limit its impact in equine oncology.