使用折流式风口小套的生产实践

新恒基钢铁水泥总厂自１９９３年２月份开始，把高炉用空腔式和双腔式和双室风口小套改为流式专利风口小套之后，风口寿命提高了３倍，年经济效益境长百万元，本文对上述风口小套的结构做了具体剖析。     

高炉风口破损机理及寿命探讨

结合风口工作环境，阐述了风口破损的４种机理，即熔损，开裂及龟裂，磨损和曲损。结合我国高炉风口现状，从风口结构，风口制造质量，风口冷却，高炉操作，喷吹煤粉等方面分析了影响风口寿命的因素，并根据分析提出了一系列提高风口寿命的措施。此外，还简要介绍了与风口制造有关的新技术动向。     

重钢620M^3高炉低压水双室风口新技术开发应用的研讨

长期以来，三，四高炉采用低压水空腔式风口。寿命短，影响生产强化，为适应生产强化，开发低压不双室风口技术，达到提高风口寿命的目的。     

高炉风口换热过程数值模拟

高炉风口是高炉输送高温鼓风和煤粉必需的冷却设备。以外观尺寸相同的空腔式风口和贯流式风口为研究对象,运用数值模拟分析软件Fluent,采用k-epsilon双方程模型,压力基求解方法,对两者的换热过程进行模拟并对照分析了入口流速对其换热性能的影响。结果表明:随着水流量增加,风口表面温度下降,但进出口压损增加;相同水流量情况下,贯流式风口比空腔式风口换热能力更强,但产生的压损更大。综合考虑,2种模型的进水流速均以5～10m/s为宜。     

高炉风口多元共渗试验研究

高炉纯铜风口经多元共渗后，使其具有更好的高温抗磨损，抗铁水熔蚀性，在包钢３号高炉上试用表明，其寿命为未经共渗风口的２倍以上。     

改变风口结构提高风口寿命

天津铁厂有5座高炉。1990年前采用铸造的空腔风口,破损多,寿命短,严重地制约着高炉生产水平提高。1990年8月,在3号高炉试验了纯铜板焊接旋流风口。在常压水的条件下,取得了较好的效果。1992年在其他高炉推广,1993年7月4座大高炉均采用这种风口。全厂风口平均寿命大大提高,见表1。同期在300m~3高炉上采用了双室旋流铸造风口,也取得了很好的效果。至1994年基本上解决了天铁高炉风口破损多、寿命短的技术难题。     

高炉风口长寿攻关实践

高炉风口的使用寿命是由高炉炉况、风口前端结构、风口材质和冷却水决定的,通过分析风口的损坏形式,改变了风口前端结构、风口材质和冷却水流量,从而降低了风口前端热负荷,提高了冷却强度、抗热裂纹和热冲击的能力,使用寿命提高了约38%。     

高炉风口国产化的进展及问题

概述了国产贯流式风口在大型高炉上的试用过程及存在不足之处。提出了延长风口寿命,提高风口国产化率应采取的措施。     

炼铁高炉长寿风口新荐

1 概述 风口是高炉关键设备之一。严酷的工作条件对风口的使用寿命构成了极大的威胁。为了减少高炉休风和更换风口的次数,提高高炉的生产率。从1850年的第一个水冷“苏格兰风口”诞生至今,炼铁工作研究者们对风口的损坏机理进行了多方面大量的试验研究工作。提出了风口损坏的原因有烧损、磨损和裂损;指出了制造风口的最佳材料:纯铜;最佳风口结构:贯流、螺旋风口以及最佳冷却方法:高压高速冷却等。尽管如此,风     

梅山高炉用贯流式风口供水初探

分析了梅山冶金公司高炉风口小套破损的原因，论述了用贯流式风口小套取代空腔式风口小套的优越性，并具体介绍了采用新型风口小套必须满足的水压、流速及水量要求，以及对高压水系统的技术改造及节电节水效果。     

高炉水冷风口流场和温度场数值模拟

 高炉风口合理的流场和温度场对延长风口寿命非常重要。利用计算流体力学(CFD)对高炉风口冷却水的流场和温度场进行数值模拟,得到其流场和温度场的分布规律,为有效延长风口寿命提供理论基础。模拟结果表明,进水口水压一定时,风口出水口侧前端边缘温度最高;进水口水压低于0.4MPa时,提高水压,进水口速度增加,风口前端最高温度下降明显;进水口水压高于0.4MPa时,温度下降趋于平缓。因此,设定进水口水压为0.4MPa左右时,风口最高温度较低,冷却效果明显。     

Application of Ceramic Coat-Synthesized by In-Situ Combustion Synthesis to BF Tuyere

A novel technology of tuyere protection is introduced. The ceramic coat is synthesized by using in-situ combustion process as the internal, external, and nose protecting coat of BF tuyeres. It can effectively protect the tuyeres and reduce heat loss by cooling water. The technology is quick-acting, easy to use, energy-saving and can make tuyeres have long service life. The feasibility of the application of the tuyere ceramic coat is discussed and the energy-saving effect of the tuyere is compared with that of the tuyeres lined with refractory.     

高炉风口破损机理及寿命分析

结合风口工作环境,阐述了风口破损的4种机理,即熔损、开裂及龟裂、磨损和曲损。结合我国高炉风121现状,从风口结构、风口制造质量、风口冷却、高炉操作、喷吹煤粉等方面分析了影响风口寿命的因素,并根据分析提出了系列提高风口寿命的措施。     

A novel method to detect the water leakage from tuyere nose cooling circuit in blast furnace

The water cooled tuyere noses, through which hot blast is blown into the furnace, are exposed to very high temperature region of raceway inside the furnace. As a result the chances of rupture of cooling pipes within the tuyere nose are significantly high. The rupture causes water dripping into the furnace and if it continues and unnoticed for a prolonged period it lowers down the local raceway temperature and thus adversely affects the product hot metal and slag quality. Moreover, with heavy water leakage, there is a danger of explosion; monitoring of the cooling water is therefore essential. Despite the availability of water flow metre at each tuyere it is difficult to identify the leaking tuyere at the early stage unless the rupture size grows bigger and so the leakage. In several cases the furnace is forced to shut down to manually inspect the leakage occurring without prior knowledge of the exact tuyere number. Identification of water leakage at an early stage is therefore necessary to prevent process disturbances due to chilling of the furnace and avoid the unscheduled downtime for tuyere replacement. This paper presents a method to identify the water leakage from tuyere nose cooling circuit in blast furnace and the adverse effect of water leakage on the performance of the blast furnace. A system called water leak detection system is developed for different blast furnaces in Tata Steel Jamshedpur to monitor the water leakage through tuyere nose and identify the exact leaking tuyere based on a dimensionless number called leak detection factor.     

宝钢二高炉炉体水系统改造及成效

宝钢二高炉随着炉龄增加仍维持高冶炼强度、高煤比生产,原设计炉体冷却水量已不能满足高炉现阶段冷却需要,冷却板破损数、炉皮发红现象增多,影响到二高炉的长寿;通过对炉体冷却系统改造,提前实施大修时的部分水系统项目,增加妒体冷却板水量、提高水压,强化对炉体的冷却,收到了良好效果.     

高炉风口小套供水系统的优化措施

风口小套是高炉的关键设备,是热交换极为强烈的冷却元件,其在高温状态下不间断地受到液态渣铁和煤粉的冲刷,是高炉易损的设备。风口小套的破损与更换已成为高炉无计划休风增多的主要原因,针对如何优化风口小套供水条件来提高风口小套使用寿命,进行探讨。     

一种新型重选设备在选矿工艺中的应用与实践

正弦波隔膜跳汰机是一种通过跳汰室与隔膜同时上下往复运动来产生脉动水流的新型跳汰机。它具有冲程系数大、选别所用冲程冲次小、处理能力大、选别指标高、耗水量小、设备结构简单合理、运转稳定可靠、操作维护方便等显著特点,是粗粒级矿石和其它金属矿石重选的优良设备。工业生产结果表明,与原锯齿形跳汰机相比,可提高作业回收率3%~5%以上,节水85%以上,经济效益显著。     

铜钢一体中缸在首钢高炉的研究与应用

通过对高炉风口中缸结构、材质和制作工艺的改进，解决了中缸在使用过程中的变形问题，保证了风口角度的稳定，延长了中缸使用寿命。     

Physical modeling of liquid/liquid mass transfer in gas stirred ladles

Several of the metallurgical reactions occurring in gas stirred steel ladles are controlled by liquid phase mass transfer between the metal and slag. In order to calculate the rate of these reactions, information about the two phase mass transfer parameter is necessary. The mass transfer between two immiscible liquids, oil and water simulating slag and steel, respectively, was measured in a scale model of a ladle. The mass transferred species was thymol which has an equilibrium partition ratio between oil and water similar to that for sulfur between slag and metal. The mass transfer rate was measured as a function of gas flow rate, tuyere position and size, method of injection, oil viscosity, and oil/water volume ratio. In addition, mixing times in the presence of the oil layer and mass transfer coefficient for the dissolution of solid benzoic acid rods were measured. The results show that there are three gas flow rate regimes in which the dependence of mass transfer on gas flow rate is different. At a critical gas flow rate, the oil layer breaks into droplets which are entrained into the water, resulting in an increase in the two phase interfacial area. This critical gas flow rate was found to be a function of tuyere position, oil volume, densities of two phases, and interfacial tension. Two phase mass transfer for a lance and a tuyere was found to be the same for the same stirring energy in low energy regions regardless of lance depth. Mass transfer is faster for a center tuyere as compared to an offcenter tuyere, but mixing times are smaller for the offcenter tuyere. From the results obtained, the optimum stirring conditions for metallurgical reactions are qualitatively discussed. SEON-HYO Kim, formerly Graduate Student in the Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Carnegie Mellon University.