Preparation and characterization of Ce_(0.8)La_(0.2–x)Y_xO_(1.9) as electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cells

In this study, ultrafine Ce0.8La0.2–x Y x O1.9（for x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20） powders were successfully prepared by the sol-gel method.The samples were characterized by fourier transform infrared（FTIR）, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry（TG-DSC）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, AC impedance and thermal expansion measurements.Experimental results indicated that highly phase-pure cubic fluorite electrolyte Ce0.8La0.2–x Y x O1.9 powders were obtained after calcining at 600 °C.The as-synthesized powders exhibited high sintering activity, the Ce0.8La0.2–x Y x O1.9 series electrolytes which have higher relative densities over 96% could be obtained after sintered at 1400 °C for 4 h.Ce0.8La0.15Y0.05O1.9 electrolyte sintered at 1400 °C for 4 h exhibited higher oxide ionic conductivity（σ800 oC=0.057 S/cm）, lower electrical activation energy（E a=0.87 e V） and moderate thermal expansion coefficient（TEC=15.5×10-6 K-1, temperature range 25–800 °C）.     

Study on Preparation and Electrical Properties of Ba_(1.03)Ce_(0.8)Eu_(0.2)O_(3-α) Solid Electrolyte

SomeBaCeO3 basedsolidoxideelectrolytesdopedwithrareearthshavearousedmuchinterestow ingtotheirspecialdefectstructuresandgoodprotonicconductivities.Theyhaveavastrangeofperspectiveforapplicationsaselectrolytesinhydrogen airfuelcell;hydrogensensor ;preparation ,separationandpurificationofhydrogen ;hydrogenationanddehydro genationofsomeorganiccompounds ;andammoniasynthesisatatmosphericpressureandintermediatetemperature ,etc .[1～ 3] .TheperformancesofBaxCe1-yREyO3-αhavecloserelationtothecontent…     

LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O_2/C复合正极材料的制备及其性能研究

三元正极材料具有优异的电化学性能,但也存在阳离子混排、压实密度不高、充放电效率较低、倍率性能不理想、高温存储和循环性不好等问题。为改善LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O_2的电化学性能,采用固相法制备了碳包覆的LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O_2/C复合材料,并讨论了包覆质量比分别为1.02%,2.01%和2.97%(质量分数)时对材料的结构、形貌和电化学性质的影响。X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)测试结果显示:所有样品均为α-NaFeO2六方层状结构,具有类球形形貌。电化学测试结果表明:包覆量为2.01%时材料的综合性能最好,0.1C首次放电比容量达175.5 mAh·g~(-1),未包覆的材料为158.9 mAh·g~(-1),包覆后比纯相LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O_2提高了10.5%;3.0C进行50次循环,容量保持率为88.2%,而未经碳包覆的材料只有75.6%;锂离子的扩散系数由未包覆时的2.05×10~(-13)cm~2·s~(-1)增大到3.76×10~(-12)cm~2·s~(-1),相应的电荷的转移阻抗由79.4Ω减小到53.6Ω。     

Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(1.9)@TiO_2异质结构电解质研究

半导体与离子导体形成的异质结构可以极大地增强材料的离子电导率,其两相界面能为离子传输提供较好的通道。以TiO_2与Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 (samarium doped ceria, SDC)为研究对象,分别通过湿化学法和干混法构造了两种不同的异质结构复合材料。研究表明,利用湿化学法制备的SDC@TiO_2异质结构复合材料(简称SDC@TiO_2)作电解质的燃料电池在550℃下最大输出功率密度为761 mW·cm-2,比用干混法制备的SDC-TiO_2异质结构复合材料(简称SDC-TiO_2)作电解质的燃料电池的最大输出功率密度高21%。与SDC-TiO_2相比,SDC@TiO_2具有更丰富的两相界面。电化学阻抗谱显示,以SDC@TiO_2材料作为电解质的电池具有更低的欧姆电阻和极化电阻。     

锂离子电池材料LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_2的制备与性能研究

以Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)(OH)_2与碳酸锂为原料,采用高温固相法制备得锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_2。用X射线衍射、扫描电镜以及充放电测试对样品进行表征,研究了烧结温度对材料电化学性能的影响。结果表明,当烧结温度为880℃时,合成的LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_2材料物相单一无杂项,具有标准的的ɑ-Na FeO_2晶型。SEM测试表明,产物为球形且球形度较好,颗粒粒度均一,平均粒度均在10μm。880℃烧结的材料在3.0~4.3 V、0.1 C的倍率下放电比容量可达188 m A·h/g,在1.0 C的倍率下循环10次后电池容量保持率为95.46%,表现出较好的电化学性能。     

LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_2的制备及其性能研究

采用二次高温煅烧法制备了三元复合正极材料LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2,用SEM、XRD和蓝电测试仪等对其结构和物理化学性能进行表征和测定。结果表明,材料具有较好的层状结构,在2.75~4.25V下0.2C放电容量达到151mAh/g,经50次充放电循环后,放电容量仍为初始放电容量的93%,放电容量保持率较高,是一种电化学性能优良的三元正极复合材料。     

熔盐法直接再生失效三元LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)正极材料

针对三元锂电池在退役后的处理问题,文章采用熔盐法对退役后的三元正极材料(LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2),NCM622)进行补锂修复再生,从而恢复失效三元锂电池的电化学性能。该方法工艺简单、耗时短、资金投入少,具有独特的优越性。     

Preparation and performance of Pr-doped Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-δ) cathode for IT-SOFCs

(Ba0.5Sr0.5)1-xPrxCo0.8Fe0.2O3-δ(BSPCFx;x=0.00-0.30) oxides were synthesized by a sol-gel thermolysis process using combination of PVA and urea,and were also investigated as cathode material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells(IT-SOFCs).X-ray diffraction(XRD) results showed that all the samples formed a single phase cubic pervoskite-type structure after being calcined at 950 oC for 5 h and the lattice constant decreased with the Pr content increasing.The electrical conductivity of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ(BSCF) was greatly enhanced by Pr-doping.The thermal expansion coefficient(TEC) of BSPCFx was increased with the content of Pr increasing,and all the thermal expansion curves had an inflection at about 250-400 oC due to the thermal-induced lattice oxygen loss and the reaction of Co and Fe ion.Ac impedance analysis indicated that BSPCFx possessed better electrochemical performance.The polarization resistance of the sample with x=0.2 was only ～0.948 Ω cm2 at 500 oC,significantly lower than that of BSCF(～2.488 Ω cm2).     

Absorption behavior of lattice oxygen in Ce_(0.8)Y_(0.2)O_(2-δ) at intermediate temperature

The absorption behavior of lattice oxygen for Ce_(0.8)Y_(0.2)O_(2-δ)(YDC) crystal was investigated. Combined with TG-DSC, XRD, Raman and XPS characterization, lattice oxygen absorption occurs at intermediate temperature(from 500 to 800 ℃),which is related to the oxygen vacancies consumption,and no phase change is observed in this process. In electric conductivity relaxation(ECR) experiment, prolonged oxygen diffusion process is observed above 600 ℃, which may be caused by oxygen absorption process. And through ECR experiments,the bulk diffusion coefficient D_(chem) and surface exchange coefficient K_(ex) for YDC dense sample are measured as 6,5×10~(-5)-2×10~(-4)cm~2/s and K_(ex)=2×10~(-4)-9×10~(-4)cm/s at intermediate temperature range.     

Al2O3包覆LiNi0.8Co0.2O2正极材料及其电化学性能

为了减少锂离子电池正极材料与电解液的相互作用,用沉淀法在LiNi0.8Co0.2O2表面包覆一层Al2O3,并通过电化学测试、扫描电镜和X射线衍射研究其表面形貌和晶体结构.结果表明,经过表面包覆后,有效地抑制了电解液对正极材料的侵蚀,虽然初始放电容量略有降低,但循环性能明显改善;Al2O3包覆量对LiNi0.8Co0.2O2电化学性能存在影响,包覆量为0.7%(质量分数)的样品性能最优.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.4)O_2的制备与性能研究

以自制Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4(OH)2前驱体和Li_2CO_3为原料,在空气气氛下采用固相烧结工艺制备了LiNi_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.4)O_2锂离子电池正极材料。通过SEM和XRD等手段对材料烧结前后形貌与结构进行表征,并测试了烧结后锂离子电池正极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,Ni0.4Co0.2Mn0.4(OH)2前驱体具有良好的片状嵌入结构,且烧结制备的LiNi_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.4)O_2正极材料混排因子c/a=4.967 3,阳离子混排因子I(003)/I(104)=1.25、I(006+102)/I(101)=0.333、I(018)/I(110)=0.87,表明LiNi_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.4)O_2具有良好的层状结构。在2.5~4.6V、0.2C和0.5C下,LiNi_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.4)O_2正极材料的首次放电比容量分别为166和154mAh/g,循环80次后容量分别保持为111和100mAh/g,具有良好的电化学性能。     

镍钴酸锂的制备与电性能研究

以共沉淀法制得前驱体Ni0.8Co0.2(OH)2,再与LiOH.H2O混合通氧气于600℃恒温15h得到LiNi0.8Co0.2O2。X射线衍射分析表明合成的材料LiNi0.8Co0.2O2具有规整的-αNaFeO2层状结构。SEM表明材料颗粒呈类球体,大小均一。以0.1C电流充放电,首次放电比容量为176mA.h/g,循环20次后容量大幅度衰减。交流阻抗图谱表明材料充电态的电化学阻抗明显低于放电态的电化学阻抗。     

容量型锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_2的合成

采用共沉淀法合成Ni_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)(OH)_2前驱体,将前驱体和LiOH混合均匀后经高温煅烧合成了锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(0.5)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.3)O_2,并对其进行电化学性能检测。试验表明,制备的电池在电压2.8～4.3V(vs.Li/Li+)区间内,0.1C倍率下的首次库伦效率为88.4%;在1C倍率下循环100次后,放电比容量为157.7mAh/g,容量保持率为96.6%。     

LiNi0.8Co0.2O2的制备与修饰

由LiOH·H2O、NiO、Co2O3高温固相合成LiNi0.8Co0.2O2,并对制得的样品进行表面修饰.对所得产物进行了X光电子能谱、扫描电镜和X射线衍射测试,用合成的材料组装成电池进行充放电容量测试.实验结果表明:应用此工艺制备的LiNi0.8Co0.2O2具有高的充放电比容量,分别为184.8mA·h·g-1和160.7mA·h·g-1.包覆后初次充放电比容量分别为168.7mA·h·g-1和157.6mA·h·g-1.容量有所下降,但循环性能提高,说明表面修饰可以有效地抑制正极材料与电解液之间的恶性相互作用,能改善材料的循环性能.     

LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2@LiMn0.6Fe0.4PO4/C复合正极材料的制备及性能

采用简单的机械球磨混合法制得NCM@LMFP/C(LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂@LiMn_0.6Fe_0.4PO₄/C)复合正极材料,系统地研究了NCM与LMFP/C复合比例(9∶1,8∶2,7∶3,6∶4,5∶5)对材料电化学性能和热稳定性的影响.使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对复合正极材料的结构与形貌进行表征研究.研究结果表明:当NCM与LMFP/C复合比例小于8∶2时,亚微米级LMFP/C出现富集、团聚,将NCM包埋其中.当NCM与LMFP/C复合比例为8∶2时,LMFP/C均匀地包覆在NCM颗粒表面或填充于其颗粒空隙中,材料的电化学性能最优、热稳定性良好:电流为0.1 C和1 C时的放电比容量分别为180.1和165.0 mAh/g,均高于理论测算容量(178.9和164.3 mAh/g);循环80周后容量保持率为95.7%,优于NCM(94.9%);复合正极材料热失控温度...     

Influence of Doping Rare Earth on Performance of Lithium Manganese Oxide Spinels as Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

The cathode material plays an important role inthe performance of lithium ion batteries. Commerciallithium cells use lithium cobalt oxide cathodes and thehigh cost of this material has prompted the design andsynthesis of alternate insertion hosts. Among these al ternatives, spinel LiMn2O4 has been found to bepromising in terms of specific energy, non toxicity,and low cost[1~3]. It is thought that lithium man ganese oxides will be used in lithium ion batteries forel…     

包覆型锂离子正极材料LiNi0.9Mn0.03Co0.07O2的合成与性能

采用复合包覆法合成了锂离子正极材料LiNi0.9Mn0.03Co0.07O2,前驱体的合成过程条件与最终包覆的材料性能有关。讨论了包覆沉淀反应过程中沉淀剂、pH值、搅拌速度和氨水浓度对电化学性能的影响。同时还考察了煅烧制度对材料电化学性能的影响。结果表明：在优化条件下Co,Mn均匀包覆在β-Ni（OH）2表面上;合成的正极材料LiNi0.9Mn0.03Co0.07O2在电压范围3～4.3V,电流密度30mA·g^-1下,第二次放电容量为194mAh·g^-1,50次循环后容量仍保持为189mAh·g^-1,材料循环性能稳定。     

水热法制备V2O5作为高性能锂离子电池正极材料

锂离子电池具有工作电压高、能量密度大等优点。目前,主流的正极材料如LiFePO4等存在理论容量低等问题,难以满足需求。V2O5具有层状结构,能够有效嵌锂,是一类新型的锂离子电池正极材料。但V2O5作为锂离子电池正极材料时循环稳定性较差,限制了其应用。采用水热法制备二维结构的V2O5纳米片材料,将其作为锂离子电池的正极材料,并与商业V2O5进行对比。测试表明,V2O5纳米片呈现片层状结构,粒径大小在130~280 nm,在循环伏安测试中有三对比较明显的氧化还原峰,经50次循环后V2O5纳米片可逆容量达到227 mAh/g,与第二圈的放电容量相比,容量保持率为89%,证明V2O5纳米片的储锂性能良好。