钢和铝异温轧制复合机理的研究

研究异温轧制复合工艺制度对钢和铝复合板初结合强度的影响，结果表明，轧制变形程度和铝层加热温度都是影响复合板初结合强度的主要因素，利用扫描电镜观察分析复合界面形貌，并对微区成分分析证明，异温轧制复合有不同于室温固相复合的结合机制。     

不锈钢-钢爆炸复合板结合区组织的分析

铁素体不锈钢0Cr13Al—钢 16MnR、奥氏体不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti—钢Q23SA和双相不锈钢00Cr22NiSMo3N—钢Q345C3种爆炸复合钢板结合界面呈波状结合，热处理后结合区基板脱碳、复板渗碳。而且在结合区复板侧有一个约30μm宽的亚微米级的超细晶粒带，结合区的硬度高于基体的硬度。     

真空熔覆碳化钨僭基合金复合涂层抗疲劳性能的研究

在45钢试样表面采用真空熔覆法制得碳化钨／钴基合金复合涂层，按照45钢热处理工艺对复合涂层进行正火处理，并借助扫描电子显微镜、x射线衍射仪等先进的测试手段对复合涂层的组织结构和表面形貌进行观察分析。应用疲劳试验机对不同碳化钨含量的复合涂层进行弯曲疲劳试验。结果表明：复合涂层在正火处理后的弯曲疲劳强度大大提高，比熔覆状态合金涂层高150～200MPa；在高周疲劳时比正火45钢的疲劳强度高80MPa左右；正火处理后，含15％（质量分数）WC的复合涂层的弯曲疲劳强度最大；复合涂层的疲劳强度除与硬度相关外，还与复合涂层和45钢基体的界面结合强度、涂层内部缺陷等因素有关。     

碳钢/不锈钢液固浇铸复合界面特性研究

界面特性对于碳钢/不锈钢双金属复合材料的质量控制至关重要。基于碳钢/不锈钢液-固复合新材料与工艺开发需要，对Q235/304液-固浇铸复合工艺进行了凝固模拟分析，并利用浇铸实验与剪切实验研究了液-固复合界面的组织与成分变化行为及其对后续轧材力学性能的影响。研究表明，不锈钢基板结合面凹槽化预处理有助于提高整体浇铸复合效果；实现有效冶金复合的温度与界面重要条件则为较高的碳钢过热钢液与不锈钢基板预热温度。其中，液-固复合工艺实现2钢种界面冶金复合的主要特征是：基板界面侧产生有一定厚度的重熔层；复合界面具有一定厚度的合金元素扩散层。据此，获得的液-固复合界面热轧态剪切强度达400 MPa以上，远高于国标210 MPa的门槛值，有望更好地提高这类双金属复合材料的服役性能。     

热处理温度对254SMO／16MnR爆炸复合板组织和性能的影响

通过不同热处理温度对２５４ＳＭＯ／１６ＭｎＲ爆炸复合板组织和性能的影响得出，随热处理温度升高，复合界面１６ＭｎＲ侧脱碳区深度增加，２５４ＳＭＯ侧增碳区深度变化呈波动状态，温度低时波动大，反之小：２５４ＳＭＯ侧的最高硬度值在紧靠复合界面处的增碳区，且随热处理温度升高，最高硬度值下降，热处理温度在６００～１０００℃之间，２５４ＳＭＯ组织的晶界，晶内都有σ相析出，复合钢板的塑性明显恶化，随热处理温度升高     

非对称不锈钢热轧复合板材的纵向弯曲

在Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ不锈钢同压力容器钢复合轧制过程中，由于作为覆板的不锈钢和作为基板的压力容器钢的变形抗力不同，在常规的对称型轧机上热轧非对称型复合叠板时，将发生向变形抗力较大一侧的纵向弯曲。在随后的冷却过程中，因覆板与基板的热膨胀系数不同，上述弯曲有进一步加剧的倾向。本文对非对称型不锈钢热轧合板材的变形行为进行了分析，并提出了纵向弯曲模型，以寻求获得平直的复合板材的最佳生产工艺。     

真空熔覆碳化钨/钴基合金复合涂层抗疲劳性能的研究

在45钢试样表面采用真空熔覆法制得碳化钨/钴基合金复合涂层,按照45钢热处理工艺对复合涂层进行正火处理,并借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪等先进的测试手段对复合涂层的组织结构和表面形貌进行观察分析.应用疲劳试验机对不同碳化钨含量的复合涂层进行弯曲疲劳试验.结果表明:复合涂层在正火处理后的弯曲疲劳强度大大提高,比熔覆状态合金涂层高150～200MPa;在高周疲劳时比正火45钢的疲劳强度高80MPa左右;正火处理后,含15%(质量分数)WC的复合涂层的弯曲疲劳强度最大;复合涂层的疲劳强度除与硬度相关外,还与复合涂层和45钢基体的界面结合强度、涂层内部缺陷等因素有关.     

不锈钢/碳钢拉拔钎焊复合管的实验研究

采用拉拔-钎焊的方式制备不锈钢/碳钢复合管,应用金相显微镜观察钎焊后复合界面的微观形貌,实验测试了钎焊温度和保温时间对复合强度的影响。研究发现,钎焊后金属间形成致密的冶金结合,随钎焊温度增加,金属间的剪切强度提高,当温度大于1150℃时,剪切强度从295MPa缓慢增加,随钎焊保温时间剪切强度呈先增大后降低规律。保温3h时剪切强度最大为301MPa。     

大规格爆炸钛/钢复合板力学性能及界面的研究

分别以3 mm×3 m×7 m的TA2板和9 mm×3.2 m×7.2 m的Q235钢板作为覆板和基板,使用四种不同成分的炸药制备了大规格TA2/Q235钛/钢爆炸复合板,并对复合板的剪切强度以及界面组织进行了研究。结果表明,炸药的爆速、猛度和做功能力随乳化炸药含量的增多而增大。经UT检测,使用4#炸药爆炸制备的钛/钢复合板结合率接近100%;平均剪切强度最高为278 MPa。爆炸钛/钢复合板都存在一定厚度的界面层,炸药做功能力越强,界面层厚度越薄。该试验所制备的钛/钢复合板界面层厚度最薄仅为1.1μm。爆炸钛/钢复合板界面层的形成是Ti和Fe元素互扩散的结果。扩散过程中,在高温的作用下,界面层中容易形成β-Ti、TiFe和TiFe2金属间化合物。     

轧机牌坊和轴承座复合衬板设计与制造

描述了轧机牌坊和轧辊轴承轴衬板设计与制造,重点考察了炸药量、基材中间镀层和表面粗糙度对爆炸焊接复合的影响,研究结果显示,推导并验证的经验公式一定程度上能指导实际生产;基板表面研磨后镀铬或镀镍对复合率、结合界面质量均未发现显著的效果;剪切强度随表面粗糙度呈极小值变化,极小点的粗糙度约0.8μm,在极值点左侧,剪切强度随粗糙度减小而急剧增大,而在极值点的右侧,剪切强度随粗糙度加大而略有平缓的增大趋势。     

钛/钢复合板及其制备应用研究现状与发展趋势

随着钛/钢复合板的应用领域不断拓展,市场对钛/钢复合板的尺寸和性能都提出了新的要求,现有的制备方法和工艺也面临着巨大挑战。本文从原材料情况、复合板尺寸、界面特征和力学性能等方面概述了钛/钢复合板研究现状,评述了钛/钢复合板目前的主要制备方法及其优缺点,综述了表面处理方法、热轧温度、过渡层金属和热处理工艺对钛/钢复合板界面结合质量的影响,阐述了钛/钢复合板的应用现状,指出了钛/钢复合板面临的主要问题及未来的重点研究方向。      

40CrMo齿轮钢表面激光熔覆0.60C-15. 25Cr-l. 85Mo 粉末工艺及其组织和性能

基于“光束中空,光内送粉”技术对40CrMo钢(/%：0. 40C, 1. 20Cr,0. 25Mo)进行表面激光熔覆铁基 合金粉末(/% ：0. 60C,15. 25Cr, 1. 11Si, 1. 85Mo)以提高硬度,获得更加理想的耐磨性能。40CrMo钢硬度HV_0.2值为 250,激光熔覆后表面硬度HV。.2值为500。对基体的进行200 Y预热处理有利于获得更加良好的冶金结合,其基体 的热影响区和结合区也相对较小。由于较大的温度梯度造成的快速冷却和合金化共同影响的结果,试样结合区硬 度高于激光熔覆层其他区域。     

Investigation on the Electron Beam Welding of Al/Cu Composite Plates

The Al/Cu composite plates composed of 2.5 mm thick Al base plate and 0.5 mm thick Cu cladding plate were joined by electron beam welding (EBW). The butt joints of Al/Cu composite plates were obtained successfully in Modes I (Cu cladding plate was placed upon the Al base plate, welding speed of 1400 mm/min) and II (Al base plate was placed upon the Cu cladding plate, welding speed of 1300 mm/min), respectively. The results showed that microstructures under two modes were similar, but there existed some obvious differences in fracture behavior of the joints and damage behavior of Cu cladding plate. For two butt joints, the (Al2Cu + α-Al) eutectic structure was distributed in continuous networks around the α-Al grains in the weld zone. In addition, the interface between Cu cladding plate and weld zone was composed of Al2Cu intermetallic compound and (Al2Cu + α-Al) eutectic structure. The destruction width of Cu cladding plate was greater in Mode I than that in Mode II. Furthermore, the average loads of the EBW joints were 4.8 kN and 4.5 kN in Modes I and II, respectively.     

轧制温度对TA1/Q345复合板性能的影响

相对于爆炸复合法和爆炸轧制复合法而言,采用真空-轧制生产钛钢复合板的方法更加适应大规模生产需要.本实验将TA1钛材置于两块Q345钢材中间组成组合坯,组合坯经抽真空至0.1 Pa后密封,在840~930℃下进行加热轧制,对轧制复合样进行力学性能检测,并利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析及显微硬度仪对组织与界面结合度进行分析.在该实验条件下,钛钢复合板剪切强度在159 MPa以上,达到了1类复合板标准要求,870℃轧制复合板性能较优.900和930℃轧制时,钛发生相变,同时在界面处生成了较多的金属问化合物,钛和钢的变形抗力相差过大和变形不协调导致界面附近的内应力变大,这些因素都降低了界面的剪切强度.840℃轧制后剪切强度低的原因是由于温度过低影响了界面附近元素的扩散.      

Study on the interface of direct hot rolling titanium-clad steel plates

In this study,the interface characteristics of a direct hot rolling titanium-clad steel plate were analyzed,and the mechanism of interface cracking was explored.The detrimental effect from the formation of TiFe,TiC,and a Si-enriched layer on the bonding strength was clarified,and an industrial-scaled titanium-clad steel plate with shear strength over 200 MPa was produced with a carefully set schedule accordingly.It was found that hot rolling titanium-clad steel plates had a flat interface without obvious cracks.In the rolling process,both Ti and Fe atoms interdiffused,but Fe diffused much faster than Ti.The Fe-diffused area consisted of three regions.After a high temperature heat treatment,the diffusion depth of Fe and Ti elements increased significantly and evident Si segregation and TiFe layers were identified.Thermal cracking initiated in the Si segregation layer and then propagated along the TiFe layer and Fe-diffused layer on the titanium side.     

高强韧性海洋平台用E550钢板生产工艺研究

介绍了E550钢板的主要生产工艺和技术难点,通过理论分析设计了E550的成分体系,采用Thermal-Calc和经验公式,获得了其热力学相图和相变点温度等热力学数据。根据E550的热力学特性,设计了两阶段轧制工艺,精轧的终轧温度控制在再结晶温度附近,利用奥氏体再结晶充分细化晶粒。淬火奥氏体化温度选择为920℃,回火温度设计为630℃,利用碳化物的析出强化效果和缺陷密度变化的位错强化获得良好的强韧性匹配。50 mm厚钢板的淬火态1/4厚度处的微观组织为马氏体,中心的组织为马氏体和少量贝氏体的混合物。回火热处理后,马氏体板条界面减少,碳化物在马氏体板条界面析出,钢板1/4到中心的组织均匀化。30和50 mm厚E550钢板的力学性能达到了船级社标准要求,并有较大的富裕量。热输入能量为15和50 kJ/cm焊接后,钢板具有良好的强度性能,熔合线和热影响区的冲击功较高。     

Microstructure and properties of S30403 + Q345R roll-bonded clad steel plate for pressure vessels

To meet the demand of the domestic pressure vessel industry for roll-bonded clad steel plates,Baosteel has developed an S30403 + Q345R roll-bonded clad steel plate.Comprehensive inspections of the composition,microstructure,and properties are made to systematically evaluate the steel plate in the normalized and normalized + stress relieved states.The results show the cladding interface of the S30403 + Q345R roll-bonded clad steel plate has high shear strength,the base metal has good properties,and the mechanical properties of the steel plate head and tail are uniform.The performance is fully consistent with the technical requirements of the roll-bonded clad steel plate for pressure vessels.     

国内中厚板热处理工艺与设备发展现状及展望

介绍了目前国内中厚板热处理生产线的布置特点与热处理工艺发展趋势。指出连续式正火炉后面应考虑建设适当的加速冷却设备,以提高正火后钢板的强度。辐射加热无氧化辊式热处理炉具有温度均匀,自动化程度高,处理的钢板性能稳定,表面质量好;辊压式淬火机可使钢板在连续运动中淬火,具有钢板表面淬火均匀、无软点、淬火钢板的长度不受机架限制、可与热处理炉实现联动控制等特点,随着用户对钢板表面质量要求的提高和对调质板需要,将是中厚板钢厂热处理线的首选。     

Friction welding of Cu-tube to Al-tube plate using an external tool

In the present study, friction welding of tube to tube plate using an external tool (FWTPET) was used to weld copper tubes with aluminum plates. Tubes were prepared with holes along the faying surfaces of tubes and cleaned before welding. The weld microstructure shows line of stir zone (SZ), a narrow thermo mechanically affected zone and heat affected zone (HAZ). The welded samples were found to have satisfactory joint strength and the XRD study showed the presence of AlCu intermetallic in the weld zone. The hardness survey revealed that there was a slight increase in hardness adjacent to the weld interface due to grain refinement. Better weld joints were achieved when the tool rotation speed and interference are 1500 rpm and 0.8 mm respectively. The present study confirms that a high quality copper tube to aluminium tube plate joint can be achieved by FWPET process.     

Detonation Mechanism in Double Vertical Explosive Welding of Stainless Steel/Steel

One-dimensional detonation model and two-dimensional P-M(Prandtl-Meyer) expanding model of double vertical explosive welding were established.A one-dimensional formula of flyer plate velocity was obtained and the bending angle curve representing flying attitude of flyer plate in double vertical was deduced as well.Compared with single parallel explosive welding,the double vertical explosive welding combines two cladding plates in one explosion.Due to closed charging structure,the influence of rarefaction wave on the plate's surface in double vertical explosive welding is eliminated and explosion loading time and displacement are increased,resulting in the increase of flyer velocity and energy utilization rate by 1.3 times to 1.6 times in different mass ratios.The analysis of microstructure in bonding zone of double vertical cladding plate under traditional charging shows that there is a clear over-melting near the interface,which is in line with the conclusion of detonation mechanism.