浅谈高炉炉顶温度的控制

高炉炉顶温度是高炉煤气与炉料热交换的结果,是煤气利用好坏的直接体现。介绍了影响高炉炉顶温度的主要因素,分析了炉顶温度高对高炉冶炼、炉顶设备、除尘布袋以及高炉指标的影响,提出了控制炉顶温度的措施与途径。     

模糊PID控制在高炉炉顶压力控制系统中的应用

在高炉控制参数中,炉顶压力是非常重要的参数之一。高炉生产要求炉顶压力必须稳定,炉顶压力不稳定,会影响炉况顺行,甚至可能造成崩料、悬料,导致炉况失常。本文针对华菱涟源钢铁有限公司2 200 m3高炉炉顶压力波动大、强耦合、严重非线性的问题,利用模糊算法,对原有PID控制器进行改进,设计了基于模糊PID混合控制算法的高炉炉顶压力控制系统。在涟钢2 200 m3高炉改进后的实际运行结果表明,减小了高炉炉顶压力波动,降低了高炉焦比,对高炉生产过程有着重要指导意义。     

湛钢5050m~3高炉炉顶系统工艺设计特点

对湛钢5050m~3高炉炉顶系统工艺设计特点进行了阐述。结合大型高炉技术发展要求以及宝钢高炉生产操作习惯,在湛钢高炉炉顶系统工艺设计中采用了一系列成熟、实用、创新的技术,尤其是新一代BCQ无料钟炉顶装料设备、炉顶高精度控制、炉顶均压煤气回收等新技术的应用,为高炉实现高效、低耗、稳定的生产运行和优异的操作指标奠定了良好的基础。两座高炉投产后保持高冶强条件下的稳定顺行,无料钟炉顶装备运行平稳。     

大型高炉采用高压操作问题的探讨

本文分别对高炉采用高压操作对生产的影响、产生的效果进行了描述。目前高炉炉顶操作压力一般在0．3MPa以下，文中提出假设，当高炉采用超高压时，从炉顶压力对炉腹煤气量、高炉产量的影响，炉顶压力对鼓风机、炉顶及煤气清洗系统设备的影响等方面进行了探讨。     

宝钢湛钢高炉无料钟炉顶系统设计特点

对宝钢湛钢5050m~3高炉无料钟炉顶系统设计特点进行总结。结合大型高炉技术发展要求以及宝钢生产操作习惯,在高炉炉顶设计中采用了一系列成熟、实用、创新的技术,包括新一代BCQ无料钟炉顶装料设备、炉顶高精度控制、炉顶排压煤气回收等,为高炉实现高效、低耗、稳定的生产运行和优异的操作指标奠定了良好的基础。     

钟式高炉炉顶压力控制模型研究与应用

通过自主研发钟式高炉炉顶压力控制模型,解决钟式高炉控制系统存在突变和叠加调节的技术难题,实现钟式高炉炉顶压力的稳定控制,在满足高炉对炉顶压力精度需求的同时实现了二次能源的高效利用。     

高炉料面红外摄像系统在攀钢的应用

高炉炉顶料面红外摄像系统是一种安装在高炉炉顶上的特种监控设备,对炉内生产情况进行实时连续监测,使高炉操作者更加直观的了解炉顶料面、煤气流分布情况,帮助高炉工长准确、及时的判断和调剂炉况,为高炉求得更高经济技术指标创造了有利条件。     

武钢8号高炉新两罐无料钟炉顶技术

结合武钢的原燃料条件和高炉操作习惯,从无料钟炉顶设备的选型、新两罐炉顶设备的组成及特性、有关炉顶系统工艺设计、炉顶框架和平台的设计、炉顶附属设施的设计等方面,对武钢8号高炉新两罐无料钟炉顶技术的特点进行了阐述。     

天铁无料钟炉顶系统设备优化

为解决天铁高炉炉顶系统存在的问题,对无料钟炉顶系统设备进行优化改造.介绍了高炉无料钟炉顶的结构组成及存在的故障.对高炉布料器、气密箱、密封阀等设备部件进行改造,经生产试运行验证,可充分满足高炉生产的需求,节省了人力、物力、财力.     

高炉炉顶设备研究与实践

高炉炉顶设备是高炉生产关键设备,设备性能及状况直接影响高炉的装料作业,因此要求其使用性能稳定可靠,并满足经济运行的目标,在炼铁厂1#、2#、3#高炉的日常生产中,炉顶设备暴露出原设计不合理或使用性能缺陷,制约着高炉的顺行生产,为提高高炉炉顶设备的性能指标和作业水平,满足高炉生产的需要,实施高炉炉顶设备研究与实践工作。     

高炉炉顶TRT发电控制分析

分析八钢高炉炉顶余压透平发电(TRT)工艺流程和控制过程,给出了顶压调节和功率控制等内容。该系统能极大改善高炉炉顶压力稳定性,基本上消除了减压阀组的噪音污染,符合节能环保要求。     

高炉trt顶压测量值优化分析

主要介绍了TRT对高炉顶压的控制及顶压测量值的优化方案.在日钢,当TRT机组不运行时,高炉顶压测量值主要通过减压阀组的开度来调节;当TRT机组投入运行,完成并网操作后,高炉缓慢关闭减压阀组,把高炉顶压逐渐转到TRT机组控制.2007年完成TRT顶压测量值优化改造之后,实现了很好的经济效益.     

Microstructure of a Variety of Cokes After Alkali Enrichment

 It is difficult to distinguish tamping coke and top charging coke by conventional testing methods, such as cold strength, abrasion resistance, reactivity and strength after reaction. Some of tamping coke′s properties were even better than those of top charging coke, but from practical using effects of blast furnace, tamping coke was not as good as top charging coke. The reaction conditions were featured as high temperature, high alkali condition, intense reaction atmosphere and short time. Distribution of porosity in profile, microstructure and slag forming property of ash were analyzed and following conclusions were obtained. After alkali-rich reaction, there were obvious differences between top charging coke and tamping coke in microstructure. The porosity′s unevenness of tamping coke was greater than those of top charging coke, and tamping coke was with less and big pores in out space and inner part was dense with more throughout pores. After phase diagram and microstructure analysis, it could be obtained that ash forming characteristics of top charging coke were better than those of tamping coke, and top charging coke′s pores were blocked more seriously than those of tamping coke. From analysis of tuyere samples, it could be found that calcium content of ash in coke′s pores was small and it should belong to coke′s inherent ash; kalium (wK=28%) was unusually high in coke, so the situation of high alkali was close to real blast furnace reaction condition.     

小高炉顶温偏低问题的分析

沙钢9号500m3级小高炉2014年顶温平均为130℃,低时只有102℃。干法布袋除尘高炉顶温的合理区间为120～250℃,因此9号炉顶温偏下限。经分析,目前操作条件下风温、燃料比对顶温影响明显。高炉热负荷对顶温影响较大,适当发展中心气流、减弱边缘气流有利于降低冷却强度、提高顶温。但是9号炉常用布料矩阵的粒度偏析较严重,不利于发展中心气流。通过适当增大40mm以上大粒度焦炭所占比例,降低焦炭反应性,以及适当增加焦丁用量等可以发展中心气流,提高顶温。     

鼓风参数对炉顶煤气循环高炉的影响分析

针对炉顶煤气循环高炉(TGRBF)的工艺特点,建立了此工艺的数学模型,根据模型的计算流程和给定的条件数据,计算出了一种给定条件下TGRBF的基本工艺参数,焦比180kg/t,煤比200kg/t,直接还原度为0.15;通过调整设定的鼓风温度和鼓风中的氧气含量,得出这2个参数变化对焦比、循环煤气量、鼓风量、炉顶煤气中CO含量、风口焦炭燃烧比例、循环煤气的富余量等参数的影响。     

Synthesis of cytotoxic indenoisoquinoline topoisomerase I poisons

A number of indenoisoquinolines were prepared and evaluated for cytotoxicity in human cancer cell cultures and for activity vs topoisomerase 1 (top1). The two most cytotoxic indenoisoquinolines proved to be cis-6-ethyl-5,6,12,13-tetrahydro-2,3-dimethoxy-8, 9-(methylenedioxy)-5,11-dioxo-11H-indeno[1,2-c]isoquinoline (21) and cis-6-allyl-5,6,12,13-tetrahydro-2,3-dimethoxy-8, 9-(methylenedioxy)-5,11-dioxo-11H-indeno[1,2-c]isoquinoline (22), both of which displayed submicromolar mean graph midpoints when tested in 55 human cancer cell cultures. Two of the most potent top1 inhibitors were 6-(3-carboxy-1-propyl)-5,6-dihydro-5, 11-dioxo-11H-indeno[1,2-c]isoquinoline (26) and 6-ethyl-2, 3-dimethoxy-8,9-(methylenedioxy)-11H-indeno[1,2-c]isoquinolinium chloride (27), both of which also inhibited top2, unwound DNA, and are assumed to be DNA intercalators. However, two additional potent top1 inhibitors, 6-allyl-5,6-dihydro-2,3-dimethoxy-8, 9-(methylenedioxy)-5,11-dioxo-11H-indeno[1,2-c]isoquinoline (13c) and 5,6-dihydro-6-(4-hydroxybut-1-yl)-2,3-dimethoxy-8, 9-methylenedioxy-5,11-dioxo-11H-indeno[1,2-c]isoquinoline (19a), did not unwind DNA and did not affect top2. Some of the DNA cleavage sites detected in the presence of the indenoisoquinolines were different from those seen with the camptothecins. The cleavage sites induced by the indenoisoquinolines were reversed by salt treatment, which is consistent with the reversible trapping of top1 cleavable complexes by the indenoisoquinolines. In general, the potencies of the indenoisoquinolines as top1 inhibitors did not correlate with their potencies as cytotoxic agents, as some of the most cytotoxic agents had little if any effect on top1. On the other hand, the most potent of the indenoisoquinolines vs top1 were not the most cytotoxic. In several cases, moderate activity was observed for both cytotoxicity and activity vs top1.     

复吹转炉顶吹枪位与非均衡底吹搅拌的水模拟

为优化120 t复吹转炉冶炼效果，通过水模型试验，模拟研究了复吹转炉底吹强度、顶枪枪位、底吹排布方式和流量分配比对渣 钢间传质效果和熔池混匀时间的影响。研究表明，在相同底吹条件下，顶枪低枪位操作时渣 钢间传质系数比高枪位操作时渣 钢间传质系数大，且随着底吹流量分配比增大，渣 钢间传质系数先增大后减小。在相同顶枪枪位操作条件下，底吹元件间隔排布时，渣 钢界面传质效果总体优于连续排布。随着底吹流量分配比增大，高枪位和低枪位混匀效果变化趋势近似相反。在高枪位下，底吹元件连续排布混匀时间总体少于底吹元件间隔排布时对应的混匀时间；在顶枪低枪位操作条件下，底吹元件连续排布混匀时间总体大于间隔排布混匀时间。通过顶枪枪位、底吹排布和流量分配比的合理匹配，较传统均衡流量底吹模式，传质系数可提高30%～125%，混匀时间可减少8.6%～51.5%。     

A parametric study of the accelerated cooling of steel strip

To gain insight into the effects of various parameters controlling the thermal behaviour of a quenched steel strip during the process of accelerated cooling by an array of planar water jets, a parametric study has been performed using a previously developed and validated mathematical model. The behaviour of the strip was characterized by its coiling temperature, top and bottom surface temperature variations and heat extraction in the jet impingement region, top surface heat extraction in the film boiling region, and top and bottom surface thermal penetration depths. Parametric variations included cooling system design conditions, such as the top and bottom nozzle widths, and operating conditions such as the top nozzle discharge velocity, the cooling water temperature, and the ratio of volumetric water flow rates applied at the top and bottom surfaces. The effects of steel strip parameters such as strip thickness and strip velocity were also considered.     

Thermal Analysis of a Plasma Sprayed Ceramic Coated Diesel Engine Piston

In this paper, we evaluated performance-enhancing modifications of the coating surface for a diesel engine piston. Thermal barrier coatings were applied to insulate the substrate from higher operating temperatures. A top coat (0.4 mm thick) and bond coat (0.1 mm thick) were applied to the aluminum alloy piston crown for analysis. Yttria-stabilized zirconia was used for the top coat and NiCrAl alloy was used for the bond coat. A static thermal analysis was performed to determine the temperature distribution at the top and substrate surface. Holes (2, 3, 4 and 5 mm in diameter) were created on the surface of the coating and the temperature distribution was analyzed. Comparison of the results with those of an uncoated piston revealed that the temperature of the substrate was decreased while temperature of the top surface was increased. Decreasing the temperature of the substrate reduced thermal fatigue while increasing the temperature of the top surface reduced fuel consumption thus leading to an overall improvement in performance. The lowest substrate temperature obtained was for a coated surface with 2 mm diameter holes, whereas the highest top surface temperature obtained was for a coated surface with 5 mm diameter holes.     

Physical and mathematical models of gas‐liquid fluid dynamics in LD converters

Fluid dynamics of gas‐liquid interactions in a LD converter to refine steel was physically and mathematically simulated. Using a water model three cases of gas supply were considered, top blowing, bottom injection and combined process top blowing‐bottom injection. Mixing time in top blowing increases with bath height and the distance between the lance of the gaseous jet and the bath surface. The jet penetration was found to be dependent on the modified Froude number. The unstable and unsteady behaviour of the bath topography, as affected by the gaseous jet, was well simulated through a multiphase momentum transfer model. In top blowing, three zones of liquid splashing were found, penetration with low splash, heavy splash and dimpling with low splash intensity. These zones depend on the gas flow rate and the distance from the lance to the bath surface. During bottom injection mixing times decrease with the number of tuyères, increases of bath height and gas flow rate. In a combined process mixing time decreases considerably due to the recirculating flow formed by the action of the top jet and the submerged jets. When a submerged jet is located just below the top jet the mixing time does not decrease as compared with the separated processes either top blowing or bottom stirring.