红土镍矿处理工艺探讨

随着硫化矿资源的日益匮乏，镍产量的扩大将主要来源于红土矿。红土镍矿的典型处理工艺有湿法和火法之分，湿法工艺适于处理褐铁矿，火法工艺适于处理硅镁镍矿。我国虽有一定量的红土镍矿，但品位较低。国内进口的菲律宾红土镍矿是典型硅镁镍矿，将其先采用回转窑干燥脱水及焙烧，然后采用电炉还原熔炼镍铁具有广阔的前景。     

红土镍矿湿法冶金工艺研究进展

红土镍矿湿法冶金工艺由于有诸多传统火法工艺所不具备的优势而愈来愈受关注.总结了目前国内外处理红土镍矿的湿法冶金工艺,主要涉及红土镍矿湿法冶金工艺流程,浸出反应机理及还需要解决的技术问题等.     

某难处理低品位红土镍矿的矿石性质探讨

随着硫化镍矿资源的减少,红土镍矿具有埋藏浅,采矿成本低的优势,红土镍矿开发利用研究逐渐受到重视。红土镍矿成因复杂,镍、铁与镁相互晶格替代后以类质同象方式形成红土镍矿,镍钴赋存于矿物晶格中,采用常规选矿工艺不能富集金属镍。采用火法或湿法冶金工艺处理高品位红土镍矿,具有吨镍生产成本低、能耗低的优势。深入研究红土镍矿的矿石性质,合理选择低成本、低污染的处理技术工艺,是成功开发红土镍矿的关键环节。     

红土镍矿处理工艺研究现状

随着可开采硫化镍矿的日益枯竭,高效低成本的开发利用红土镍矿有着重要的意义。根据红土镍矿矿床的不同分层,介绍了不同的处理工艺,归纳起来大致有火法冶金工艺、湿法冶金工艺、生物冶金工艺等,对当前的各种工艺进行综述及展望,认为回转窑还原焙烧-磁选生产镍铁工艺和常压浸出工艺具有发展前景,为综合利用红土镍矿提供参考。     

红土镍矿湿法浸出工艺的进展

阐述并分析了处理红土镍矿的传统湿法工艺,总结了近年来湿法处理红土镍矿的新工艺,最后展望了红土镍矿处理工艺未来主要的发展方向,指出加压酸浸—常规浸出(HPAL-AL)工艺、硝酸加压浸出工艺和矿改性后常压水浸工艺具有广阔的应用前景。     

红土镍矿冶金综述

随着社会工业的快速发展,镍的消耗不断增加,含镍品位较高的硫化镍矿也日益枯竭,有效开发和利用红土镍矿受到越来越多国家的重视.文章主要分析了红土镍矿资源的矿物特点及其国内外的开发现状,详细介绍世界冶金工业中处理红土镍矿的生产工艺及其优缺点.通过分析红土镍矿提取镍的工艺技术近况,指出了未来的发展方向,并重点对湿法和火法工艺未来的发展趋势进行预测.     

镍红土矿处理方法综述

阐述了氧化镍矿即镍红土矿的地质结构、分布和矿物组成差异等特点,提出开发和利用镍红土矿资源的重要意义.并详细介绍了当今世界工业处理镍红土矿主要方法的工艺流程及优缺点,重点对镍红土矿火法和湿法冶金工艺近年来的技术进步和未来的发展趋势进行了总结和预测.     

红土矿镍铁冶炼技术进展分析

通过对红土矿冶炼镍铁火法和湿法几种工艺的工艺特点及其现状的对比、分析,得出针对不同类型的红土镍矿,选择最适合的冶炼工艺,同时预测了未来红土镍矿的工艺发展方向。     

红土镍矿选矿工艺与设备的现状及展望

针对红土镍矿的矿石性质与生产现状,对目前红土镍矿的选矿处理工艺与设备进行了综述,重点介绍了针对火法冶炼和湿法冶炼两种冶炼工艺配套的矿石制备工艺和设备,并着重叙述了HPAL项目红土矿选矿工艺的发展过程和现状,最后展望了红土镍矿选矿工艺的发展前景.     

炼镍的能耗

工艺硫化矿 熔炼 湿法冶炼氧化矿 2·5%Nf硅镁镍矿炼成冰镍度电/磅镍再炼成金属镍2·5%Ni硅镁镍矿炼成镍铁1·4%Ni混合矿,卡龙流程1·4%Ni红土矿,酸浸流程1 .4%Ni红土矿,改进的酸浸流程26~27]6~1928~3820~26八U CU,1 1.114~16炼镍的能耗@那富智~~     

The recovery of nickel from laterites by chelate formation and reduction with hydrogen

The interaction between alkaline solutions of the sodium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (E.D.T.A.) and nickel-bearing laterites has been studied at temperatures between 25°C and 90°C. Experiments were carried out with a serpentine ore containing 1.65% nickel, 6.10% iron, 20.2% magnesium and a limonite ore containing 1.51% nickel, 49.7% iron, 0.66% magnesium. Reduction with 400 p.s.i. or 800 p.s.i. hydrogen at 120°C or 140°C has been examined as a means of recovering nickel from the leach solution and regenerating the leachant.For both ores, an increase in pH from 8 to between 11 and 13, or a rise in temperature, gave increased nickel dissolution rates and improved selectivity for nickel dissolution over that of iron, manganese, magnesium, aluminum, chromium and calcium. After 48 hour leaches at 90°C and pH 13 with 1.5 moles E.D.T.A. per mole of nickel in the ore, nickel extractions from the serpentine and limonite were 87% and 27% respectively. Rates of nickel dissolution from both materials were markedly increased by precalcination at temperatures which gave partial decomposition of the mineral structures.Tests showed that reduction with hydrogen could be used to recover nickel from leach solutions at pH 13 but not at pH 12. Reduction from a leach solution at pH 13 with 800 p.s.i. hydrogen at 140°C for 3 hours gave 91% nickel recovery and a solution that was used effectively as recycle leachant.The substantial increase in nickel dissolution rates that resulted from precalcination suggests that leaching characteristics are strongly dependent on laterite mineralogy. With further information covering additional materials of differing mineralogy, the feasibility of any process based on E.D.T.A. leaching of raw laterite could be assessed more readily.     

红土镍矿处理工艺现状及研究进展

对红土镍矿回转窑干燥-电炉还原熔炼、回转窑直接还原生产镍铁、还原—硫化熔炼生产镍锍等典型火法工艺以及还原焙烧—氨浸、加压酸浸等湿法工艺综合回收镍、钴进行了比较,并对微生物浸出、微波辅助矿物改型、氯化离析、焙烧改善矿物结构后再行浸出、直接还原制备镍铁及剩余组分制备胶凝材料的耦合技术等新工艺进行了分析。     

镍红土矿处理工艺的现状和展望

随着镍需求量的不断增长和硫化镍矿资源的日益枯竭,对红土镍矿进行高效且低成本的开发处理对于满足镍的增长需求以及镍工业的发展有着重要的意义。据此,对当前镍红土矿的处理工艺进行了综述,重点对湿法工艺进行了分析展望,认为湿法工艺中的常压浸出工艺、微波加热-氯化工艺和生物浸出工艺都是颇具前景的提取技术,是未来的发展方向。     

电弧炉生产镍铬铁的生产实践

采用电弧炉将红土镍矿生产镍铬铁在技术上可行，经济效益显著。通过科技创新，开辟了电弧炉的冶炼新功能——电弧炉当作矿热炉使用，生产镍铬铁。该工艺具有一定的推广意义。     

Characterization of scales obtained during continuous nickel laterite pilot-plant leaching

The processing of nickel by pressure acid leaching nickel laterite ores at 250 °C results in liquors supersaturated with respect to aluminum, iron, and silica. These can precipitate from the liquor and onto the autoclave interior (scaling). This reduces the availability of the autoclave. This article presents a methodology for characterizing scale using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Rietveld analysis of the XRPD trace, and scanning electron microscopy/microprobe. This methodology is then used to characterize three scales formed during the continuous (pilot plant) pressure acid leaching of nickel laterites. Scales formed during the leaching of Western Australian ore, from an acid environment in hypersaline process water, contain mainly sodium alunite/jarosite as a solid solution together with minor hematite and amorphous silica. Scales formed during leaching of tropical nickel laterite, in low salinity process water, consist of an aluminum-rich hydronium alunite with hematite and low concentrations of amorphous silica. Ore mineralogy, leach liquor composition, acidity, and temperature, as well as precipitation kinetics, all appear to influence the scale mineralogy. This article discusses the influence of these factors on the formation of three scales.     

低品位红土镍矿盐酸浸出实验研究

随着镍钴价格的上涨以及硫化矿日益减少,从红土矿中提取镍钴成为研究的重点。出于对低品位镍氧化矿资源经济利用的考虑,本研究探求处理低含量镍红土矿全湿法工艺。文章主要探讨了使用盐酸对云南沅江地区的红土镍矿进行浸出的工艺条件,使用细度为0．15mm的矿样,酸料比2．7,在浸出温度80℃,固液比1：4,搅拌速度300r／min,反应时间2h的条件下,镍的浸出率达到93．94％。     

Pressure Acid Leaching of Nickel Laterites: A Review

Abstract

A review of the literature over the past 30 years on the processing of nickel laterites by high temperature acid leaching has been carried out to provide a better understanding of the mineralogy, leaching process chemistry and effect of operating conditions on nickel recovery, residue properties and scaling. Particular attention is paid to the leaching experience of the commercial Moa Bay plant and to the recently reported testwork and flowsheets associated with the three Western Australia lalerite plants that will be operating in 1999.

It is shown that laterites can vary significantly in their mineralogy according to location, climate and depth, and that the main host minerals for nickel and cobalt can be either goethite (iron oxide) or nontronite (clay) or manganese oxides. The mechanism of leaching involves acid dissolution of the host mineral lattice followed by hydrolysis and precipitation (transformation) of a variety of insoluble oxides and sulphates of iron, aluminium and silica under the high temperature conditions. Optimum leaching conditions and final liquor composition varies according to the ore mineralogy. More fundamental studies have demonstrated that the rate of leaching and character of the residue is dependent upon the level of Mg, Mn and Cr in the ore, the Eh of the slurry and salinity of the process water.

A number of studies are reviewed on the chemistry and precipitation of iron, aluminium, magnesium and silica to understand how the process conditions affect the solubility of the species and the nature of the scale which they form. Early work at Moa Bay indicates that the incorporation of chromium into alunite scale also affects the incorporation of silica and nickel and the settling of the residues. Various types of scale have been identified during different stages of leaching and possible means of minimising scale are discussed.

The clay-rich nickel laterites in Western Australia differ from Moa Bay laterite in mineralogy and have comparatively high silica and low chromium content. Since no commercial plant has previously processed such ores or used saline process water, there is little published in this area. It is therefore recommended that further research be carried out on understanding the process chemistry and species equilibrium from various ore types under autoclave conditions.     

Laterites-bearing REEs,Wadi Natash,Southeastern Desert,Egypt

The present paper recorded the occurrence of laterites-bearing REEs in Natash area.Natash laterite deposits occur as horizons(5-15 m in thickness) at the boundary between the Cretaceous sandstones,and Natash flows.Laterite was recorded in more than twenty six occurrence distributed over an area of about 500 km2 along and around Wadi Natash.It ranges in color from light-grey,dark-grey to reddish-brown.The distribution of laterite deposits is structural controlled.Mineralogical results of laterites proved the...